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-- Table structure for table `books`
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CREATE TABLE `books` (
  `ID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `Name` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL,
  `Author` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL,
  `Year` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL,
  `Category` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL,
  `Cite` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL,
  `File` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL,
  `Date` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `Descreption` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL,
  `APA` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL,
  `Chicago` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL,
  `Cambridge` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL,
  `Cover` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL,
  `Org` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL,
  `downlaods_count` int(100) NOT NULL,
  `citations_count` int(100) NOT NULL,
  `likes` int(11) DEFAULT '3'
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

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-- Dumping data for table `books`
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INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(6, 'Tracking characterization of Mycobacterium strains in Tanzania and some sub-Saharan African Countrie', 'Erasto Mbugia*, Bugwesa Kataleb,g, Julius Keyyub, Sharon Kendallh, Anita L Michelc, Hazel M Dockrell', '2020', 'Health Sector Literature', '', '3-Article Text-6-1-10-20190621.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Tuberculosis (TB) is a devastating chronic debilitating infection that imposes a considerable negative impact on human health. The disease also affects the quality of livestock, wildlife and their products. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is the causative agent for human TB, while Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) predominantly causes TB in animals, though is also zoonotic. In Tanzania and other developing countries timely diagnosis of disease is hampered by poor access to appropriate capacity and technology to characterize the pathogen. This review explores the diverse methods available for the diagnosis and characterization of Mycobacterial species and strains isolated from both humans and animals in sub Saharan Africa. The review will identify knowledge gaps and highlight direction for future investigation of the interface TB risk, which could lead to a better regional control strategy. A systematic search of PubMed, Google and Google Scholar retrieved 716 published articles on TB and methods used with the aim of tracking the advancement in technology and to reflect where we are and what can best be done to improve the strategy for best control of the disease. The search terms included but not limited to “(Whole Genome Sequencing AND sub-Saharan Africa); (Diverse TB strains + Human +Animals) AND Tanzania + Africa + Sub-Saharan Africa; (Diverse TB strains + human+ animals) OR Tanzania + Africa + Sub-Saharan Africa)”. The review illustrates an advancement of technology from 1950s to 2000s with only 17.7% studies having been done using DNA-based methods and 81.3% being studies that used conventional methods. Most of the molecular studies cluster in the mid- to late 2000s which could be due to lack of expertise, slow adoption of technology or the high cost of running these valuable molecular tests. This overview on genotyping studies and trend in molecular studies highlights the need for more investment in this region of the world. An increased use of molecular methods will help in increasing the chances of detecting new TB strains in circulation and identifying potential risks for cross-transmission at humans-livestock-wildlife interface. A strengthened ability to detect and characterizes disease will better support country and regional control strategies.\r\nKey words: Mycobacterium strains, Trends, Genotyping studies, Advancing technology, Tanzania.', 'Erasto Mbugia*, Bugwesa Kataleb,g, Julius Keyyub, Sharon Kendallh, Anita L Michelc, Hazel M Dockrelld, Mark Rweyemamue, Paul D van Heldenf, Mecky Mateeg (2020), Tracking characterization of Mycobacterium strains in Tanzania and some sub-Saharan African Countries: An overview on genotyping studies, implication and trends in advancing technology.', 'Erasto Mbugia*, Bugwesa Kataleb,g, Julius Keyyub, Sharon Kendallh, Anita L Michelc, Hazel M Dockrelld, Mark Rweyemamue, Paul D van Heldenf, Mecky Mateeg, Tracking characterization of Mycobacterium strains in Tanzania and some sub-Saharan African Countries: An overview on genotyping studies, implication and trends in advancing technology(2020).', 'Erasto Mbugia*, Bugwesa Kataleb,g, Julius Keyyub, Sharon Kendallh, Anita L Michelc, Hazel M Dockrelld, Mark Rweyemamue, Paul D van Heldenf, Mecky Mateeg (2020), Tracking characterization of Mycobacterium strains in Tanzania and some sub-Saharan African Countries: An overview on genotyping studies, implication and trends in advancing technology.', 'Tracking.jpg', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 28, 3),
(7, 'The Role of Vector Control in Preventing and Responding to Rhodesian Human African Trypanosomiasis (', 'PIIVeC', '2017', 'Handouts', '', 'The-Role-of-Vector-Control-in-Preventing-and-Responding-to-Rhodesian-Human-African-Trypanosomiasis-r', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as ‘sleeping sickness,’ is a neglected tropical disease caused by subspecies of the parasite Trypanosoma brucei transmitted by tsetse flies (Glossina – Figure 1). There are two forms of sleeping sickness, and both are found only in sub-Saharan Africa.1 Gambian HAT (gHAT), caused by T. b. gambiense, is responsible for >95% of all cases across Africa but is not present in Malawi. Rhodesian HAT (rHAT) is caused by T. b. rhodesiense and occurs in East\r\nand Southern Africa including Malawi. Both forms of the disease are fatal without treatment. gHAT and rHAT cases have declined significantly due to national and\r\nglobal commitment to eliminate the disease. Globally, there are fewer cases than there have ever been before, with <2000 cases of gHAT and <30 cases of rHAT annually since 2017.2 Eliminating rHAT is difficult because the parasite circulates in wild (e.g., buffalo, warthog) as well as domestic (cattle) hosts.\r\n', 'PIIVeC (2017), The Role of Vector Control in Preventing and Responding to Rhodesian Human African Trypanosomiasis (rHAT) in Malawi.', 'PIIVeC, The Role of Vector Control in Preventing and Responding to Rhodesian Human African Trypanosomiasis (rHAT) in Malawi(2017).', 'PIIVeC (2017), The Role of Vector Control in Preventing and Responding to Rhodesian Human African Trypanosomiasis (rHAT) in Malawi.', 'Vector.jpg', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 36, 3),
(8, 'Medium and long-term impacts of a moderate lockdown (social restrictions) in response to the COVID-1', 'Thomas Munthali, Director General, National Planning Commission of Malawi Brad Wong, Chief Economist', '11 May 2020', 'Public Reports', '', 'NPC-and-AFIDEP-COVID-19-Cost-Benefit-Analysis-Malawi.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Executive Summary\r\n The purpose of this brief is to examine the medium and long-term opportunity costs of different strategies aimed at lessening the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi\r\n The brief focuses on moderate lockdown measures largely referring to social restrictions as promoted through school closures as well as movement and livelihood restrictions principally minimizing social contact.', 'Thomas Munthali, Director General, National Planning Commission of Malawi Brad Wong, Chief Economist, Copenhagen Consensus Center Bjorn Lomborg, President, Copenhagen Consensus Center Nyovani Madise, Malawi Country Director, African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP) Salim Mapila, Malawi Priorities Project, Malawi (11 May 2020), Medium and long-term impacts of a moderate lockdown (social restrictions) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi: A rapid cost-benefit analysis.', 'Thomas Munthali, Director General, National Planning Commission of Malawi Brad Wong, Chief Economist, Copenhagen Consensus Center Bjorn Lomborg, President, Copenhagen Consensus Center Nyovani Madise, Malawi Country Director, African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP) Salim Mapila, Malawi Priorities Project, Malawi, Medium and long-term impacts of a moderate lockdown (social restrictions) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi: A rapid cost-benefit analysis(11 May 2020).', 'Thomas Munthali, Director General, National Planning Commission of Malawi Brad Wong, Chief Economist, Copenhagen Consensus Center Bjorn Lomborg, President, Copenhagen Consensus Center Nyovani Madise, Malawi Country Director, African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP) Salim Mapila, Malawi Priorities Project, Malawi (11 May 2020), Medium and long-term impacts of a moderate lockdown (social restrictions) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi: A rapid cost-benefit analysis.', 'National Planning.jpg', 'Neytech Solutions', 17, 28, 3),
(9, 'Jobs and Migration: An African Perspective', 'Dr Ingrid Hamm', '2020', 'Public Reports', '', 'Jobs-and-Migration_global-perspectives.pdf.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'What is the impact on the society and on each individual, if people migrate in large numbers from other continents to Germany and Europe? A discussed topic that is dominated not so much by facts, as by concerns and fears. So when we talk about immigration, we need one thing above all else, and that is greater objectivity – plus an undistorted view of reality. Because there is no escaping the fact that we need immigration. Amongst African immigrants, too, there are many who have the skills badly needed in Germany and Europe. The new “Fachkräfteeinwanderungsgesetz” is the way forward when it comes to giving immigration a proper legal framework, for the benefit of both immigrants and the host population.', 'Dr Ingrid Hamm (2020), Jobs and Migration: An African Perspective.', 'Dr Ingrid Hamm, Jobs and Migration: An African Perspective(2020).', 'Dr Ingrid Hamm (2020), Jobs and Migration: An African Perspective.', 'Jobs & Migration.jpg', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 16, 3),
(12, 'The spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong subregion: a molecul', 'Mallika Imwong, Kanokon Suwannasin, Chanon Kunasol, Kreepol Sutawong, Mayfong Mayxay, Huy Rekol, Fra', 'May 2017', 'Published Journals', '', 'The-spread-of-artemisinin-resistant-Plasmodium-falciparum-_2017_The-Lancet-I.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background Evidence suggests that the PfKelch13 mutations that confer artemisinin resistance in falciparum malaria have multiple independent origins across the Greater Mekong subregion, which has motivated a regional malaria elimination agenda. We aimed to use molecular genotyping to assess antimalarial drug resistance selection and spread in the Greater Mekong subregion.\r\nMethods In this observational study, we tested Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Myanmar, northeastern Thailand, southern Laos, and western Cambodia for PfKelch13 mutations and for Pfplasmepsin2 gene amplification (indicating piperaquine resistance). We collected blood spots from patients with microscopy or rapid test confirmed uncomplicated falciparum malaria. We used microsatellite genotyping to assess genetic relatedness.\r\nFindings As part of studies on the epidemiology of artemisinin-resistant malaria between Jan 1, 2008, and Dec 31, 2015, we collected 434 isolates. In 2014–15, a single long PfKelch13 C580Y haplotype (–50 to +31·5 kb) lineage, which emerged in western Cambodia in 2008, was detected in 65 of 88 isolates from northeastern Thailand, 86 of 111 isolates from southern Laos, and 14 of 14 isolates from western Cambodia, signifying a hard transnational selective sweep. Pfplasmepsin2 amplification occurred only within this lineage, and by 2015 these closely related parasites were found in ten of the 14 isolates from Cambodia and 15 of 15 isolates from northeastern Thailand. C580Y mutated parasites from Myanmar had a different genetic origin.\r\nInterpretation Our results suggest that the dominant artemisinin-resistant P falciparum C580Y lineage probably arose in western Cambodia and then spread to Thailand and Laos, outcompeting other parasites and acquiring piperaquine resistance. The emergence and spread of fit artemisinin-resistant P falciparum parasite lineages, which then acquire partner drug resistance across the Greater Mekong subregion, threatens regional malaria control and elimination goals. Elimination of falciparum malaria from this region should be accelerated while available antimalarial drugs still remain effective.', 'Mallika Imwong, Kanokon Suwannasin, Chanon Kunasol, Kreepol Sutawong, Mayfong Mayxay, Huy Rekol, Frank M Smithuis, Tin Maung Hlaing, Kyaw M Tun, Rob W van der Pluijm, Rupam Tripura, Olivo Miotto, Didier Menard, Mehul Dhorda, Nicholas P J Day, Nicholas J White, Arjen M Dondorp  (May 2017), The spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong subregion: a molecular epidemiology observational study.', 'Mallika Imwong, Kanokon Suwannasin, Chanon Kunasol, Kreepol Sutawong, Mayfong Mayxay, Huy Rekol, Frank M Smithuis, Tin Maung Hlaing, Kyaw M Tun, Rob W van der Pluijm, Rupam Tripura, Olivo Miotto, Didier Menard, Mehul Dhorda, Nicholas P J Day, Nicholas J White, Arjen M Dondorp , The spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong subregion: a molecular epidemiology observational study(May 2017).', 'Mallika Imwong, Kanokon Suwannasin, Chanon Kunasol, Kreepol Sutawong, Mayfong Mayxay, Huy Rekol, Frank M Smithuis, Tin Maung Hlaing, Kyaw M Tun, Rob W van der Pluijm, Rupam Tripura, Olivo Miotto, Didier Menard, Mehul Dhorda, Nicholas P J Day, Nicholas J White, Arjen M Dondorp  (May 2017), The spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong subregion: a molecular epidemiology observational study.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 23, 3),
(13, 'Supporting capacity for research on malaria in Africa', 'Brian Greenwood, Oumar Gaye, Moses R Kamya, Gibson Kibiki, Victor Mwapasa, Kamija S Phiri, Harry Tag', '12 April 2018', 'Published Journals', '', 'Supporting capacity for research on malaria in Africa.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Substantial progress has been made in the control of malaria in Africa but much remains to be done before malaria elimination on the continent can be achieved. Further progress can be made by enhancing uptake of existing control tools but, in high transmission areas, additional tools will be needed. Development and evaluation of these new tools will require a substantial cadre of African scientists well trained in many different disciplines. This paper describes the activities undertaken by the Malaria Capacity Development Consortium (MCDC) to support the careers of PhD students and postdoctoral fellows undertaking research on malaria at five African universities. A systematic assessment of constraints on PhD training and research support systems was undertaken at each partner African university at the beginning of the programme and many of these constraints were remedied. The success of the programme is shown by the fact that 18 of the 21 PhD students recruited to the programme completed their theses successfully within a 4-year period and that all 27 scientists recruited to the postdoctoral programme were still working in Africa on its completion. The work of the consortium will be continued through Career Development Groups established at each partner university and at an affiliated institution at the University of Nairobi and through the Developing Excellence in Leadership, Training and Science award from the Wellcome Trust made to one of the African partners. Lessons learnt during the MCDC programme may help the planning and execution of other research capacity development programmes in Africa.\r\n', 'Brian Greenwood, Oumar Gaye, Moses R Kamya, Gibson Kibiki, Victor Mwapasa, Kamija S Phiri, Harry Tagbor, Dianne Terlouw, Imelda Bates, Alister Craig, Pascal Magnussen, Thor G Theander, Amit Bhasin, Hazel McCullough, David Schellenberg (12 April 2018), Supporting capacity for research on malaria in Africa.', 'Brian Greenwood, Oumar Gaye, Moses R Kamya, Gibson Kibiki, Victor Mwapasa, Kamija S Phiri, Harry Tagbor, Dianne Terlouw, Imelda Bates, Alister Craig, Pascal Magnussen, Thor G Theander, Amit Bhasin, Hazel McCullough, David Schellenberg, Supporting capacity for research on malaria in Africa(12 April 2018).', 'Brian Greenwood, Oumar Gaye, Moses R Kamya, Gibson Kibiki, Victor Mwapasa, Kamija S Phiri, Harry Tagbor, Dianne Terlouw, Imelda Bates, Alister Craig, Pascal Magnussen, Thor G Theander, Amit Bhasin, Hazel McCullough, David Schellenberg (12 April 2018), Supporting capacity for research on malaria in Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 18, 3),
(14, 'Supporting capacity for research on malaria in Africa', 'Brian Greenwood, Oumar Gaye, Moses R Kamya, Gibson Kibiki, Victor Mwapasa, Kamija S Phiri, Harry Tag', '12 April 2018', 'Published Journals', '', 'Supporting capacity for research on malaria in Africa.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Substantial progress has been made in the control of malaria in Africa but much remains to be done before malaria elimination on the continent can be achieved. Further progress can be made by enhancing uptake of existing control tools but, in high transmission areas, additional tools will be needed. Development and evaluation of these new tools will require a substantial cadre of African scientists well trained in many different disciplines. This paper describes the activities undertaken by the Malaria Capacity Development Consortium (MCDC) to support the careers of PhD students and postdoctoral fellows undertaking research on malaria at five African universities. A systematic assessment of constraints on PhD training and research support systems was undertaken at each partner African university at the beginning of the programme and many of these constraints were remedied. The success of the programme is shown by the fact that 18 of the 21 PhD students recruited to the programme completed their theses successfully within a 4-year period and that all 27 scientists recruited to the postdoctoral programme were still working in Africa on its completion. The work of the consortium will be continued through Career Development Groups established at each partner university and at an affiliated institution at the University of Nairobi and through the Developing Excellence in Leadership, Training and Science award from the Wellcome Trust made to one of the African partners. Lessons learnt during the MCDC programme may help the planning and execution of other research capacity development programmes in Africa.\r\n', 'Brian Greenwood, Oumar Gaye, Moses R Kamya, Gibson Kibiki, Victor Mwapasa, Kamija S Phiri, Harry Tagbor, Dianne Terlouw, Imelda Bates, Alister Craig, Pascal Magnussen, Thor G Theander, Amit Bhasin, Hazel McCullough, David Schellenberg (12 April 2018), Supporting capacity for research on malaria in Africa.', 'Brian Greenwood, Oumar Gaye, Moses R Kamya, Gibson Kibiki, Victor Mwapasa, Kamija S Phiri, Harry Tagbor, Dianne Terlouw, Imelda Bates, Alister Craig, Pascal Magnussen, Thor G Theander, Amit Bhasin, Hazel McCullough, David Schellenberg, Supporting capacity for research on malaria in Africa(12 April 2018).', 'Brian Greenwood, Oumar Gaye, Moses R Kamya, Gibson Kibiki, Victor Mwapasa, Kamija S Phiri, Harry Tagbor, Dianne Terlouw, Imelda Bates, Alister Craig, Pascal Magnussen, Thor G Theander, Amit Bhasin, Hazel McCullough, David Schellenberg (12 April 2018), Supporting capacity for research on malaria in Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 27, 3),
(16, 'A simple mathematical model for Ebola in Africa', 'T. Berge, J.M.-S. Lubuma, G.M. Moremedi, N. Morris & R. Kondera-Shava', '22 Sep 2016', 'Published Dissertations', '', '01-A simple mathematical model for Ebola in Africa.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'We deal with the following question: Can the consumption of contaminated bush meat, the funeral practices and the environmental contaminationexplaintherecurrenceandpersistenceofEbolavirus disease outbreaks in Africa? We develop an SIR-type model which, incorporates both the direct and indirect transmissions in such a manner that there is a provision of Ebola viruses. We prove that the full model has one (endemic) equilibrium which is locally asymptotically stable whereas, it is globally asymptotically stable in the absenceoftheEbolavirussheddingintheenvironment.ForthesubmodelwithouttheprovisionofEbolaviruses,thediseasediesoutor stabilizes globally at an endemic equilibrium. At the endemic level, thenumberofinfectiousislargerforthefullmodelthanforthesubmodel without provision of Ebola viruses. We design a nonstandard finitedifferencescheme,whichpreservesthedynamicsofthemodel. Numericalsimulationsareprovided.\r\n', 'T. Berge, J.M.-S. Lubuma, G.M. Moremedi, N. Morris & R. Kondera-Shava (22 Sep 2016), A simple mathematical model for Ebola in Africa.', 'T. Berge, J.M.-S. Lubuma, G.M. Moremedi, N. Morris & R. Kondera-Shava, A simple mathematical model for Ebola in Africa(22 Sep 2016).', 'T. Berge, J.M.-S. Lubuma, G.M. Moremedi, N. Morris & R. Kondera-Shava (22 Sep 2016), A simple mathematical model for Ebola in Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 27, 3),
(17, 'Book Reviews', 'Mercy Banyini', '28 Feb 2012', 'Unpublished Journals', '', '01-Book Reviews.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Mercy Banyini (28 Feb 2012), Book Reviews.', 'Mercy Banyini, Book Reviews(28 Feb 2012).', 'Mercy Banyini (28 Feb 2012), Book Reviews.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 27, 3),
(19, 'Supporting the Educational Interests of Adult Patrons through College-bound Programming', 'Africa S. Hands', '01 Nov 2020', 'Published Journals', '', '01-Supporting the Educational Interests of Adult Patrons through College-bound Programming.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Public libraries are information centers for communities, serving the needs of children and their families, seniors, veterans, and small businesses. Content analysis of rural public libraries shows that, based on the placement of information within their website, college planning information and programs are aimed at teens rather than adult learners. Prospective adult learners and other non-traditional students would benefit from programs and services designed to help them navigate the maze of requirements and processes for earning a college credential. This article advocates for the role of public libraries in advancing college literacy among adult patrons.\r\n', 'Africa S. Hands (01 Nov 2020), Supporting the Educational Interests of Adult Patrons through College-bound Programming.', 'Africa S. Hands, Supporting the Educational Interests of Adult Patrons through College-bound Programming(01 Nov 2020).', 'Africa S. Hands (01 Nov 2020), Supporting the Educational Interests of Adult Patrons through College-bound Programming.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 4, 16, 3),
(20, 'The Implications of Shortages of Health Professionals for Maternal Health in Sub-Saharan Africa', 'Nancy Gerein, Andrew Green  & Stephen Pearson ', ' 19 May 2006', 'Published Journals', '', '01-The Implications of Shortages of Health Professionals for Maternal Health in Sub-Saharan Afric.pd', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper discusses the implications of shortages of midwives, nurses and doctors\r\nfor maternal health and health services in sub-Saharan Africa, and inequitable distribution of\r\nmaternal health professionals between geographic areas and health facilities. Shortages of health\r\nprofessionals reduce the number of facilities equipped to offer emergency obstetric care 24 hours\r\na day, and are significantly related to quality of care and maternal mortality rates. Some countries\r\nare experiencing depletion of their workforces due to emigration and HIV-related illness. Another\r\nfeature is the movement from public to private health facilities, and to international health and\r\ndevelopment organisations. The availability of skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetric care\r\nmay be reduced due to understaffing, particularly in rural, poor areas. The existing workforce may\r\nexperience increased workloads and job dissatisfaction, and may have to undertake tasks for which\r\nthey are not trained. If governments and development partners are serious about reaching the\r\nMillennium Development Goal on maternal health, substantial numbers of professionals with\r\nmidwifery skills will be needed. Shortages of maternal health professionals should be addressed\r\nwithin overall human resources policy. A rethink of health sector reforms and macro-economic\r\ndevelopment policies is called for, to focus on equity and strengthening the role of the state.', 'Nancy Gerein, Andrew Green  & Stephen Pearson  ( 19 May 2006), The Implications of Shortages of Health Professionals for Maternal Health in Sub-Saharan Africa.', 'Nancy Gerein, Andrew Green  & Stephen Pearson , The Implications of Shortages of Health Professionals for Maternal Health in Sub-Saharan Africa( 19 May 2006).', 'Nancy Gerein, Andrew Green  & Stephen Pearson  ( 19 May 2006), The Implications of Shortages of Health Professionals for Maternal Health in Sub-Saharan Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 24, 3),
(21, 'We Should All Be Feminists', 'Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie', 'July 2014', 'Books', '', 'We Should All Be Feminists.pdf ( PDFDrive ).pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (July 2014), We Should All Be Feminists.', 'Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, We Should All Be Feminists(July 2014).', 'Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (July 2014), We Should All Be Feminists.', 'COVER CHIMA.JPG', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 42, 3),
(22, 'Changes   in   Malaria Epidemiology   in   Africa   and New   Challenges   for Elimination', 'Irene   N.   Nkumama, Wendy   P.   O ’ Meara, and Faith   H.A.   Osier', 'February   2017', '', '', '1-s2.0-S1471492216302008-main.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Although\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\nburden\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nPlasmodium\r\n \r\nfalciparum\r\n \r\nmalaria\r\n \r\nis\r\n \r\ngradually\r\n \r\ndeclining\r\n \r\nin\r\nmany\r\n \r\nparts\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nAfrica,\r\n \r\nit\r\n \r\nis\r\n \r\ncharacterized\r\n \r\nby\r\n \r\nspatial\r\n \r\nand\r\n \r\ntemporal\r\n \r\nvariability\r\n \r\nthat\r\npresents\r\n \r\nnew\r\n \r\nand\r\n \r\nevolving\r\n \r\nchallenges\r\n \r\nfor\r\n \r\nmalaria\r\n \r\ncontrol\r\n \r\nprograms.\r\n \r\nReductions\r\nin\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\nmalaria\r\n \r\nburden\r\n \r\nneed\r\n \r\nto\r\n \r\nbe\r\n \r\nsustained\r\n \r\nin\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\nface\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nchanging\r\n \r\nepidemiology\r\nwhilst\r\n \r\nsimultaneously\r\n \r\ntackling\r\n \r\nsigni ﬁ cant\r\n \r\npockets\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nsustained\r\n \r\nor\r\n \r\nincreasing\r\ntransmission.\r\n \r\nLarge-scale,\r\n \r\nrobust\r\n \r\nsurveillance\r\n \r\nmechanisms\r\n \r\nthat\r\n \r\nmeasure\r\n \r\nrather\r\nthan\r\n \r\nestimate\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\nactual\r\n \r\nburden\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nmalaria\r\n \r\nover\r\n \r\ntime\r\n \r\nfrom\r\n \r\nlarge\r\n \r\nareas\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nthe\r\ncontinent\r\n \r\nwhere\r\n \r\nsuch\r\n \r\ndata\r\n \r\nare\r\n \r\nlacking\r\n \r\nneed\r\n \r\nto\r\n \r\nbe\r\n \r\nprioritized.\r\n \r\nWe\r\n \r\nreview\r\n \r\nthese\r\nfascinating\r\n \r\ndevelopments,\r\n \r\ncaution\r\n \r\nagainst\r\n \r\ncomplacency,\r\n \r\nand\r\n \r\nmake\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\ncase\r\nthat\r\n \r\nimproving\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\nextent\r\n \r\nand\r\n \r\nquality\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nmalaria\r\n \r\nsurveillance\r\n \r\nis\r\n \r\nvital\r\n \r\nfor\r\n \r\nAfrica\r\n \r\nas\r\nshe\r\n \r\nmarches\r\n \r\non\r\n \r\ntowards\r\n \r\nelimination.', 'Irene   N.   Nkumama, Wendy   P.   O ’ Meara, and Faith   H.A.   Osier (February   2017), Changes   in   Malaria Epidemiology   in   Africa   and New   Challenges   for Elimination.', 'Irene   N.   Nkumama, Wendy   P.   O ’ Meara, and Faith   H.A.   Osier, Changes   in   Malaria Epidemiology   in   Africa   and New   Challenges   for Elimination(February   2017).', 'Irene   N.   Nkumama, Wendy   P.   O ’ Meara, and Faith   H.A.   Osier (February   2017), Changes   in   Malaria Epidemiology   in   Africa   and New   Challenges   for Elimination.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 41, 3),
(23, 'Changes   in   Malaria Epidemiology   in   Africa   and New   Challenges   for Elimination', 'Irene   N.   Nkumama, Wendy   P.   O ’ Meara, and Faith   H.A.   Osier', 'February   2017', 'Published Journals', '', '1-s2.0-S1471492216302008-main.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Although\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\nburden\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nPlasmodium\r\n \r\nfalciparum\r\n \r\nmalaria\r\n \r\nis\r\n \r\ngradually\r\n \r\ndeclining\r\n \r\nin\r\nmany\r\n \r\nparts\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nAfrica,\r\n \r\nit\r\n \r\nis\r\n \r\ncharacterized\r\n \r\nby\r\n \r\nspatial\r\n \r\nand\r\n \r\ntemporal\r\n \r\nvariability\r\n \r\nthat\r\npresents\r\n \r\nnew\r\n \r\nand\r\n \r\nevolving\r\n \r\nchallenges\r\n \r\nfor\r\n \r\nmalaria\r\n \r\ncontrol\r\n \r\nprograms.\r\n \r\nReductions\r\nin\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\nmalaria\r\n \r\nburden\r\n \r\nneed\r\n \r\nto\r\n \r\nbe\r\n \r\nsustained\r\n \r\nin\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\nface\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nchanging\r\n \r\nepidemiology\r\nwhilst\r\n \r\nsimultaneously\r\n \r\ntackling\r\n \r\nsigni ﬁ cant\r\n \r\npockets\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nsustained\r\n \r\nor\r\n \r\nincreasing\r\ntransmission.\r\n \r\nLarge-scale,\r\n \r\nrobust\r\n \r\nsurveillance\r\n \r\nmechanisms\r\n \r\nthat\r\n \r\nmeasure\r\n \r\nrather\r\nthan\r\n \r\nestimate\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\nactual\r\n \r\nburden\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nmalaria\r\n \r\nover\r\n \r\ntime\r\n \r\nfrom\r\n \r\nlarge\r\n \r\nareas\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nthe\r\ncontinent\r\n \r\nwhere\r\n \r\nsuch\r\n \r\ndata\r\n \r\nare\r\n \r\nlacking\r\n \r\nneed\r\n \r\nto\r\n \r\nbe\r\n \r\nprioritized.\r\n \r\nWe\r\n \r\nreview\r\n \r\nthese\r\nfascinating\r\n \r\ndevelopments,\r\n \r\ncaution\r\n \r\nagainst\r\n \r\ncomplacency,\r\n \r\nand\r\n \r\nmake\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\ncase\r\nthat\r\n \r\nimproving\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\nextent\r\n \r\nand\r\n \r\nquality\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nmalaria\r\n \r\nsurveillance\r\n \r\nis\r\n \r\nvital\r\n \r\nfor\r\n \r\nAfrica\r\n \r\nas\r\nshe\r\n \r\nmarches\r\n \r\non\r\n \r\ntowards\r\n \r\nelimination.', 'Irene   N.   Nkumama, Wendy   P.   O ’ Meara, and Faith   H.A.   Osier (February   2017), Changes   in   Malaria Epidemiology   in   Africa   and New   Challenges   for Elimination.', 'Irene   N.   Nkumama, Wendy   P.   O ’ Meara, and Faith   H.A.   Osier, Changes   in   Malaria Epidemiology   in   Africa   and New   Challenges   for Elimination(February   2017).', 'Irene   N.   Nkumama, Wendy   P.   O ’ Meara, and Faith   H.A.   Osier (February   2017), Changes   in   Malaria Epidemiology   in   Africa   and New   Challenges   for Elimination.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 3, 10, 3),
(24, 'Things Fall Apart', 'Chinua Achebe', '1959', 'Books', '', 'Things fall apart - Chinua Achebe.epub', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Chinua Achebe (1959), Things Fall Apart.', 'Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart(1959).', 'Chinua Achebe (1959), Things Fall Apart.', 'Things fall apart.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 41, 3),
(25, 'We Should All Be Feminists', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie', '2014', 'Books', '', 'We Should All Be Feminists.pdf ( PDFDrive ).pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie (2014), We Should All Be Feminists.', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie, We Should All Be Feminists(2014).', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie (2014), We Should All Be Feminists.', 'We Should all be Feminist.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 47, 3),
(26, 'The spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong subregion: a molecular epidemiology observational study', 'Mallika Imwong, Kanokon Suwannasin, Chanon Kunasol, Kreepol Sutawong, Mayfong Mayxay, Huy Rekol, Fra', '2017', 'Journals', '', 'The-spread-of-artemisinin-resistant-Plasmodium-falciparum-_2017_The-Lancet-I.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background Evidence suggests that the PfKelch13 mutations that confer artemisinin resistance in falciparum malaria\r\nhave multiple independent origins across the Greater Mekong subregion, which has motivated a regional malaria\r\nelimination agenda. We aimed to use molecular genotyping to assess antimalarial drug resistance selection and\r\nspread in the Greater Mekong subregion.\r\nMethods In this observational study, we tested Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Myanmar, northeastern Thailand,\r\nsouthern Laos, and western Cambodia for PfKelch13 mutations and for Pfplasmepsin2 gene amplification (indicating\r\npiperaquine resistance). We collected blood spots from patients with microscopy or rapid test confirmed uncomplicated\r\nfalciparum malaria. We used microsatellite genotyping to assess genetic relatedness.\r\nFindings As part of studies on the epidemiology of artemisinin-resistant malaria between Jan 1, 2008, and Dec 31, 2015,\r\nwe collected 434 isolates. In 2014–15, a single long PfKelch13 C580Y haplotype (–50 to +31·5 kb) lineage, which\r\nemerged in western Cambodia in 2008, was detected in 65 of 88 isolates from northeastern Thailand, 86 of 111 isolates\r\nfrom southern Laos, and 14 of 14 isolates from western Cambodia, signifying a hard transnational selective sweep.\r\nPfplasmepsin2 amplification occurred only within this lineage, and by 2015 these closely related parasites were found\r\nin ten of the 14 isolates from Cambodia and 15 of 15 isolates from northeastern Thailand. C580Y mutated parasites\r\nfrom Myanmar had a different genetic origin.\r\nInterpretation Our results suggest that the dominant artemisinin-resistant P falciparum C580Y lineage probably arose\r\nin western Cambodia and then spread to Thailand and Laos, outcompeting other parasites and acquiring piperaquine\r\nresistance. The emergence and spread of fit artemisinin-resistant P falciparum parasite lineages, which then acquire\r\npartner drug resistance across the Greater Mekong subregion, threatens regional malaria control and elimination\r\ngoals. Elimination of falciparum malaria from this region should be accelerated while available antimalarial drugs\r\nstill remain effective.', 'Mallika Imwong, Kanokon Suwannasin, Chanon Kunasol, Kreepol Sutawong, Mayfong Mayxay, Huy Rekol, Frank M Smithuis, Tin Maung Hlaing, Kyaw M Tun, Rob W van der Pluijm, Rupam Tripura, Olivo Miotto, Didier Menard, Mehul Dhorda, Nicholas P J Day, Nicholas J White, Arjen M Dondorp (2017), The spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong subregion: a molecular epidemiology observational study.', 'Mallika Imwong, Kanokon Suwannasin, Chanon Kunasol, Kreepol Sutawong, Mayfong Mayxay, Huy Rekol, Frank M Smithuis, Tin Maung Hlaing, Kyaw M Tun, Rob W van der Pluijm, Rupam Tripura, Olivo Miotto, Didier Menard, Mehul Dhorda, Nicholas P J Day, Nicholas J White, Arjen M Dondorp, The spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong subregion: a molecular epidemiology observational study(2017).', 'Mallika Imwong, Kanokon Suwannasin, Chanon Kunasol, Kreepol Sutawong, Mayfong Mayxay, Huy Rekol, Frank M Smithuis, Tin Maung Hlaing, Kyaw M Tun, Rob W van der Pluijm, Rupam Tripura, Olivo Miotto, Didier Menard, Mehul Dhorda, Nicholas P J Day, Nicholas J White, Arjen M Dondorp (2017), The spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong subregion: a molecular epidemiology observational study.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 20, 3),
(27, 'Economic and social dimensions influencing safety of induced abortions amongst young women who sell sex in Zimbabwe', 'Samantha Chareka , Tamaryn L. Crankshaw & Pemberai Zambezi', ' 12 Feb 2021', 'Published Journals', '', '02-Economic and social dimensions influencing safety of induced abortions amongst young women who.pd', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', ' Globally, women, experience inequities in access to safe abortion services and this is most\r\nacutely felt in country contexts where legal abortions are highly restricted. Data around abortion amongst\r\nyoung women who sell sex (YWSS) in sub-Saharan Africa are very limited. We conducted 30 focus group\r\ndiscussions and 42 in-depth interviews (IDIs) amongst YWSS (16 – 24 years) in urban and peri-urban areas of\r\nZimbabwe, as well as IDIs amongst 16 peer educators, ﬁ ve health care providers and four key informants.\r\nOur ﬁ ndings indicate that abortions occur amongst YWSS in Zimbabwe but there remain questions over the\r\nextent of safety of abortions. The restrictive legal context around abortion and illegality of sex work in the\r\ncountry are key determinants underlying the clandestine nature of abortions. Socioeconomic concerns are\r\nkey in decision-making around abortions. Youth, cost and lack of referral networks contribute towards\r\nunsafe abortions, even when safe abortion services are available. Many YWSS are not aware of the\r\navailability of post abortion care (PAC) services and resort to self-administered PAC. Being young and selling\r\nsex combine and interact on the economic and social levels to produce vulnerabilities greater than their sum\r\nto experiencing unsafe abortion.', 'Samantha Chareka , Tamaryn L. Crankshaw & Pemberai Zambezi ( 12 Feb 2021), Economic and social dimensions influencing safety of induced abortions amongst young women who sell sex in Zimbabwe.', 'Samantha Chareka , Tamaryn L. Crankshaw & Pemberai Zambezi, Economic and social dimensions influencing safety of induced abortions amongst young women who sell sex in Zimbabwe( 12 Feb 2021).', 'Samantha Chareka , Tamaryn L. Crankshaw & Pemberai Zambezi ( 12 Feb 2021), Economic and social dimensions influencing safety of induced abortions amongst young women who sell sex in Zimbabwe.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 16, 3),
(28, 'Making Systems Work: The Hard Part of Improving Maternal Health Services in South Africa', 'Leena Susan Thomas, Ruxana Jina, Khin San Tint & Sharon Fonn', ' 13 Oct 2007', 'Published Journals', '', '02-Making Systems Work_ The Hard Part of Improving Maternal Health Services in South Africa.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'As part of a multi-country study, maternal health services were reviewed in one health\r\ndistrict in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Poor record-keeping, inadequate supervision, poor levels\r\nof clinical knowledge and under-utilisation of midwife obstetric units were found. Interventions\r\nidentified by local health service personnel to improve maternity care were developed, implemented\r\nand evaluated, included programme-specific (training in prevention of mother-to-child transmission\r\nof HIV and neonatal resuscitation) and system interventions (improving interpersonal relations\r\nand system functioning, use of routine data for monitoring purposes, improving supervision skills).\r\nThis resulted in some positive outputs. Health worker knowledge and patient records improved, and\r\nthere was some indication that supervision improved. However, system-wide interventions that\r\ncould improve programmes were less successful. To build a learning organisation, a new culture\r\nof monitoring and evaluation, including routine self-evaluation, is required as core skills for all\r\nhealth workers. These data should be used at the point of collection. Changing reporting lines\r\nbetween programme and district managers may improve co-ordination between different\r\nauthorities, and there is a need to enhance the manner in which staff are assessed, appraised,\r\npromoted and rewarded. Professional bodies who oversee training curricula, institutions that offer\r\ntraining, and institutions that provide funding for training and development need to take on the\r\nchallenge of health systems development and avoid promoting programme-specific interventions only.', 'Leena Susan Thomas, Ruxana Jina, Khin San Tint & Sharon Fonn ( 13 Oct 2007), Making Systems Work: The Hard Part of Improving Maternal Health Services in South Africa.', 'Leena Susan Thomas, Ruxana Jina, Khin San Tint & Sharon Fonn, Making Systems Work: The Hard Part of Improving Maternal Health Services in South Africa( 13 Oct 2007).', 'Leena Susan Thomas, Ruxana Jina, Khin San Tint & Sharon Fonn ( 13 Oct 2007), Making Systems Work: The Hard Part of Improving Maternal Health Services in South Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 11, 3),
(29, 'Measuring accountability and quality of care in maternal health, Africa', ' Reproductive Health Matters', ' 12 Aug 2015', 'Published Journals', '', '03-Measuring accountability and quality of care in maternal health_ Africa.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', ' Reproductive Health Matters ( 12 Aug 2015), Measuring accountability and quality of care in maternal health, Africa.', ' Reproductive Health Matters, Measuring accountability and quality of care in maternal health, Africa( 12 Aug 2015).', ' Reproductive Health Matters ( 12 Aug 2015), Measuring accountability and quality of care in maternal health, Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 6, 27, 3),
(30, 'A new malaria vector in Africa: Predicting the expansion range of Anopheles stephensi and identifying the urban populations at riskLANGUAGES AS ESSENTIAL  TOOL FOR CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND NATION  BUILDI', ' M. E. Sinka,  S. Pironon, J. Longbottom,  J. Hemingway, C. L. Moyes, and K. J. Willis ', 'October 6, 2020', 'Published Journals', '', 'A new malaria vector.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'In 2012, an unusual outbreak of urban malaria was reported from\r\nDjibouti City in the Horn of Africa and increasingly severe out-\r\nbreaks have been reported annually ever since. Subsequent inves-\r\ntigations discovered the presence of an Asian mosquito species;\r\nAnopheles stephensi, a species known to thrive in urban environ-\r\nments. Since that first report, An. stephensi has been identified in\r\nEthiopia and Sudan, and this worrying development has prompted\r\nthe World Health Organization (WHO) to publish a vector alert\r\ncalling for active mosquito surveillance in the region. Using an\r\nup-to-date database of published locational records for An. ste-\r\nphensi across its full range (Asia, Arabian Peninsula, Horn of Africa)\r\nand a set of spatial models that identify the environmental condi-\r\ntions that characterize a species’ preferred habitat, we provide\r\nevidence-based maps predicting the possible locations across Africa\r\nwhere An. stephensi could establish if allowed to spread unchecked.\r\nUnsurprisingly, due to this species’ close association with man-made\r\nhabitats, our maps predict a high probability of presence within\r\nmany urban cities across Africa where our estimates suggest that\r\nover 126 million people reside. Our results strongly support the\r\nWHO’s call for surveillance and targeted vector control and provide\r\na basis for the prioritization of surveillance.', ' M. E. Sinka,  S. Pironon, J. Longbottom,  J. Hemingway, C. L. Moyes, and K. J. Willis  (October 6, 2020), A new malaria vector in Africa: Predicting the expansion range of Anopheles stephensi and identifying the urban populations at riskLANGUAGES AS ESSENTIAL  TOOL FOR CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND NATION  BUILDING: THE CASE OF IGBO. .', ' M. E. Sinka,  S. Pironon, J. Longbottom,  J. Hemingway, C. L. Moyes, and K. J. Willis , A new malaria vector in Africa: Predicting the expansion range of Anopheles stephensi and identifying the urban populations at riskLANGUAGES AS ESSENTIAL  TOOL FOR CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND NATION  BUILDING: THE CASE OF IGBO. (October 6, 2020).', ' M. E. Sinka,  S. Pironon, J. Longbottom,  J. Hemingway, C. L. Moyes, and K. J. Willis  (October 6, 2020), A new malaria vector in Africa: Predicting the expansion range of Anopheles stephensi and identifying the urban populations at riskLANGUAGES AS ESSENTIAL  TOOL FOR CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND NATION  BUILDING: THE CASE OF IGBO. .', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 6, 13, 3),
(31, 'THE THING AROUND YOUR NECK', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie', '2009', 'Books', '', 'The Thing Around Your Neck ( PDFDrive ).pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie (2009), THE THING AROUND YOUR NECK.', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie, THE THING AROUND YOUR NECK(2009).', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie (2009), THE THING AROUND YOUR NECK.', 'The thing around your neck.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 39, 3),
(32, 'A qualitative exploration of the experiences of community health animation on malaria control in rural Malawi', 'Tumaini Malenga, Frances E. Griffiths, Marrit van den Berg, Henk van den Berg, Michèle van Vugt, Kamija Samuel Phiri, Lucinda Manda-Taylor  and Eric Umar', '2020', 'Published Journals', '', 'A_qualitative_exploration_of_the_experiences_of_co.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background \r\nWhile great strides have been achieved in fighting malaria through the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) strategy,\r\nthe recent world malaria report shows an increase in malaria-related deaths compared to previous years. Malaria control\r\ntools are efficacious and effective in preventing the disease; however, the human behaviour aspect of the intervention\r\nstrategies is weak due to heavy reliance on positive human health behaviour. The challenge lies in adoption of control\r\ninterventions by the target population which, to an extent, may include access to prevention and treatment tools. We\r\npresent a qualitative assessment of the use of the Health Animator (HA) model for Information, Education and\r\nCommunication (IEC) to improve adoption and use of malaria control by promoting positive health behaviours.\r\n\r\nResults\r\nWe conducted 3 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 23 individual in-depth interviews (IDIs) with HAs. Each\r\nFGD consisted of 8 participants. Data was analysed using QSR International NVivo 10 software. There are four main\r\nthemes emerging regarding HA experiences. The perceptions include; collaborative work experience, personal motivation\r\nand growth, community participation with health animation and challenges with implementation. Results suggest that\r\nHAs were pleased with the training as they gained new information regarding malaria, which affected their use of malaria\r\ncontrol interventions within their families. Knowledge was well assimilated from the trainings and influenced personal\r\ngrowth in becoming a community leader. Support from the leadership within the village and the health system was\r\nimportant in legitimising the main messages. The community responded positively to the workshops valued the\r\ninformation imparted. The voluntary nature of the work in a poverty-stricken community affected sustainability.\r\n\r\nConclusion\r\nThere is need to empower communities with strategies within their reach. Functioning traditional social\r\nsupport structures are a crucial element in sustainability. Voluntarism is also key for sustainability, especially for rural and\r\nremote communities with limited sources of income.\r\n\r\nKeywords\r\nBehaviour change communication, Community engagement, Community health animator, Health animation,\r\nHealth education, Malaria.', 'Tumaini Malenga, Frances E. Griffiths, Marrit van den Berg, Henk van den Berg, Michèle van Vugt, Kamija Samuel Phiri, Lucinda Manda-Taylor  and Eric Umar (2020), A qualitative exploration of the experiences of community health animation on malaria control in rural Malawi.', 'Tumaini Malenga, Frances E. Griffiths, Marrit van den Berg, Henk van den Berg, Michèle van Vugt, Kamija Samuel Phiri, Lucinda Manda-Taylor  and Eric Umar, A qualitative exploration of the experiences of community health animation on malaria control in rural Malawi(2020).', 'Tumaini Malenga, Frances E. Griffiths, Marrit van den Berg, Henk van den Berg, Michèle van Vugt, Kamija Samuel Phiri, Lucinda Manda-Taylor  and Eric Umar (2020), A qualitative exploration of the experiences of community health animation on malaria control in rural Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 29, 3);
INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(33, 'A structural equation model of factors associated with HIV risk behaviors and mental health among men who have sex with men in Malawi', 'Yuan Zhao, Amrita Rao, Andrea L. Wirtz, Eric Umar, Gift Trapence, Vincent Jumbe, Sosthenes Ketende, Dunker Kamba, Chris Beyrer  and Stefan Baral ', '2020', 'Published Journals', '', 'A_structural_equation_model_of_factors_associated_.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) bear a disproportionate burden of HIV in Malawi. Early\r\nprevention efforts in Malawi have been largely focused on preventing heterosexual and vertical transmission of HIV,\r\nand MSM have rarely been the specific benefactors of these efforts, despite facing both higher prevalence of HIV\r\ncoupled with multiple barriers to prevention and care. To better facilitate the design of culturally relevant HIV\r\nprevention programs and prioritize resources among MSM in resource limited settings, the objective of this analysis\r\nwas to estimate the relationship between social factors and HIV related risk behaviors and mental health.\r\nMethods: 338 MSM were recruited using respondent-driven sampling in Blantyre, Malawi from April 2011 to March\r\n2012. Structural equation models were built to test the association between six latent factors: participation in social\r\nactivities, social support, stigma and human rights violations, depression symptomatology, condom use, and sexual\r\nrisk behaviors, including concurrent sexual partnerships and total number of partners.\r\nResults: The mean age of participants was 25 years old. Almost 50% (158/338) of the participants were\r\nunemployed and 11% (37/338) were married or cohabiting with women. More than 30% (120/338) of the\r\nparticipants reported sexual behavior stigma and 30% (102/338) reported depression symptomatology. Almost 50%\r\n(153/338) of the participants reported any kind of HIV-related risk behaviors and 30% (110/338) participated in one\r\nof the recorded social activities. Significant associations were identified between stigma and risk behaviors ( β = 0.14,\r\np = 0.03); stigma and depression symptomatology ( β = 0.62, p = 0.01); participation in social activities and depression\r\nsymptomatology ( β = 0.17, p = 0.01).', 'Yuan Zhao, Amrita Rao, Andrea L. Wirtz, Eric Umar, Gift Trapence, Vincent Jumbe, Sosthenes Ketende, Dunker Kamba, Chris Beyrer  and Stefan Baral  (2020), A structural equation model of factors associated with HIV risk behaviors and mental health among men who have sex with men in Malawi.', 'Yuan Zhao, Amrita Rao, Andrea L. Wirtz, Eric Umar, Gift Trapence, Vincent Jumbe, Sosthenes Ketende, Dunker Kamba, Chris Beyrer  and Stefan Baral , A structural equation model of factors associated with HIV risk behaviors and mental health among men who have sex with men in Malawi(2020).', 'Yuan Zhao, Amrita Rao, Andrea L. Wirtz, Eric Umar, Gift Trapence, Vincent Jumbe, Sosthenes Ketende, Dunker Kamba, Chris Beyrer  and Stefan Baral  (2020), A structural equation model of factors associated with HIV risk behaviors and mental health among men who have sex with men in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 19, 3),
(34, 'THE THING AROUND YOUR NECK', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie', '2009', 'Books', '', 'The Thing Around Your Neck ( PDFDrive ).pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie (2009), THE THING AROUND YOUR NECK.', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie, THE THING AROUND YOUR NECK(2009).', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie (2009), THE THING AROUND YOUR NECK.', 'The thing around your neck.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 60, 3),
(35, 'THE THING AROUND YOUR NECK', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie', '2009', 'Books', '', 'The Thing Around Your Neck ( PDFDrive ).pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie (2009), THE THING AROUND YOUR NECK.', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie, THE THING AROUND YOUR NECK(2009).', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie (2009), THE THING AROUND YOUR NECK.', 'The thing around your neck.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 51, 3),
(36, 'A multi-level spatial analysis of clinical malaria and subclinical Plasmodium infections in Pailin Province, Cambodia', 'Daniel M. Parker, Rupam Tripura, Thomas J. Peto, Richard J. Maude, Chea Nguon, Jeremy Chalk, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Mallika Imwong, Lorenz von Seidlein, Nicholas J. White, & Arjen M. Dondorp', '28 April 2017', 'Published Journals', '', 'A-multi-level-spatial-analysis-of-clinical-malaria-and-subclinical-_2017_Hel.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: The malaria burden is decreasing throughout the Greater Mekong\r\nSubregion, however transmission persists in some areas. Human movement,\r\nsubclinical infections and complicated transmission patterns contribute to the\r\npersistence of malaria. This research describes the micro-geographical\r\nepidemiology of both clinical malaria and subclinical Plasmodium infections in\r\nthree villages in Western Cambodia.\r\nMethods: Three villages in Western Cambodia were selected for the study based\r\non high reported Plasmodium falciparum incidence. A census was conducted at the\r\nbeginning of the study, including demographic information and travel history. The\r\ntotal population was 1766. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted every three\r\nmonths from June 2013 to June 2014. Plasmodium infections were detected using\r\nan ultra-sensitive, high-volume, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (uPCR)\r\ntechnique. Clinical episodes were recorded by village health workers. The\r\ngeographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) were collected for all houses and\r\nall participants were linked to their respective houses using a demographic\r\nsurveillance system. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.\r\nResults: Most clinical episodes and subclinical infections occurred within a single\r\nstudy village. Clinical Plasmodium vivax episodes clustered spatially in each\r\nvillage but only lasted for a month. In one study village subclinical infections\r\nclustered in geographic proximity to clusters of clinical episodes. The largest risk\r\nfactor for clinical P. falciparum episodes was living in a house where another\r\nclinical P. falciparum episode occurred (model adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 6.9; CI:\r\n2.3 – 19. 8). Subclinical infections of both P. vivax and P. falciparum were\r\nassociated with clinical episodes of the same species (AOR: 5.8; CI: 1.5 – 19.7 for\r\nP. falciparum and AOR: 14.6; CI: 8.6 – 25.2 for P. vivax) and self-reported\r\novernight visits to forested areas (AOR = 3.8; CI: 1.8 – 7. 7 for P. falciparum and\r\nAOR = 2.9; CI: 1.7 – 4.8 for P. vivax).\r\nDiscussion: Spatial clustering within the villages was transient, making the\r\nprediction of spatial clusters difficult. Interventions that are dependent on\r\npredicting spatial clusters (such as reactive case detection) would only have\r\ndetected a small proportion of cases unless the entire village was screened within a\r\nlimited time frame and with a highly sensitive diagnostic test. Subclinical\r\ninfections may be acquired outside of the village (particularly in forested areas)\r\nand may play an important role in transmission.', 'Daniel M. Parker, Rupam Tripura, Thomas J. Peto, Richard J. Maude, Chea Nguon, Jeremy Chalk, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Mallika Imwong, Lorenz von Seidlein, Nicholas J. White, & Arjen M. Dondorp (28 April 2017), A multi-level spatial analysis of clinical malaria and subclinical Plasmodium infections in Pailin Province, Cambodia.', 'Daniel M. Parker, Rupam Tripura, Thomas J. Peto, Richard J. Maude, Chea Nguon, Jeremy Chalk, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Mallika Imwong, Lorenz von Seidlein, Nicholas J. White, & Arjen M. Dondorp, A multi-level spatial analysis of clinical malaria and subclinical Plasmodium infections in Pailin Province, Cambodia(28 April 2017).', 'Daniel M. Parker, Rupam Tripura, Thomas J. Peto, Richard J. Maude, Chea Nguon, Jeremy Chalk, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Mallika Imwong, Lorenz von Seidlein, Nicholas J. White, & Arjen M. Dondorp (28 April 2017), A multi-level spatial analysis of clinical malaria and subclinical Plasmodium infections in Pailin Province, Cambodia.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 16, 3),
(37, 'A multi-level spatial analysis of clinical malaria and subclinical Plasmodium infections in Pailin Province, Cambodia', 'Daniel M. Parker, Rupam Tripura, Thomas J. Peto, Richard J. Maude, Chea Nguon, Jeremy Chalk, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Mallika Imwong, Lorenz von Seidlein, Nicholas J. White, & Arjen M. Dondorp', '28 April 2017', 'Published Journals', '', 'A-multi-level-spatial-analysis-of-clinical-malaria-and-subclinical-_2017_Hel.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: The malaria burden is decreasing throughout the Greater Mekong\r\nSubregion, however transmission persists in some areas. Human movement,\r\nsubclinical infections and complicated transmission patterns contribute to the\r\npersistence of malaria. This research describes the micro-geographical\r\nepidemiology of both clinical malaria and subclinical Plasmodium infections in\r\nthree villages in Western Cambodia.\r\nMethods: Three villages in Western Cambodia were selected for the study based\r\non high reported Plasmodium falciparum incidence. A census was conducted at the\r\nbeginning of the study, including demographic information and travel history. The\r\ntotal population was 1766. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted every three\r\nmonths from June 2013 to June 2014. Plasmodium infections were detected using\r\nan ultra-sensitive, high-volume, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (uPCR)\r\ntechnique. Clinical episodes were recorded by village health workers. The\r\ngeographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) were collected for all houses and\r\nall participants were linked to their respective houses using a demographic\r\nsurveillance system. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.\r\nResults: Most clinical episodes and subclinical infections occurred within a single\r\nstudy village. Clinical Plasmodium vivax episodes clustered spatially in each\r\nvillage but only lasted for a month. In one study village subclinical infections\r\nclustered in geographic proximity to clusters of clinical episodes. The largest risk\r\nfactor for clinical P. falciparum episodes was living in a house where another\r\nclinical P. falciparum episode occurred (model adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 6.9; CI:\r\n2.3 – 19. 8). Subclinical infections of both P. vivax and P. falciparum were\r\nassociated with clinical episodes of the same species (AOR: 5.8; CI: 1.5 – 19.7 for\r\nP. falciparum and AOR: 14.6; CI: 8.6 – 25.2 for P. vivax) and self-reported\r\novernight visits to forested areas (AOR = 3.8; CI: 1.8 – 7. 7 for P. falciparum and\r\nAOR = 2.9; CI: 1.7 – 4.8 for P. vivax).\r\nDiscussion: Spatial clustering within the villages was transient, making the\r\nprediction of spatial clusters difficult. Interventions that are dependent on\r\npredicting spatial clusters (such as reactive case detection) would only have\r\ndetected a small proportion of cases unless the entire village was screened within a\r\nlimited time frame and with a highly sensitive diagnostic test. Subclinical\r\ninfections may be acquired outside of the village (particularly in forested areas)\r\nand may play an important role in transmission.', 'Daniel M. Parker, Rupam Tripura, Thomas J. Peto, Richard J. Maude, Chea Nguon, Jeremy Chalk, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Mallika Imwong, Lorenz von Seidlein, Nicholas J. White, & Arjen M. Dondorp (28 April 2017), A multi-level spatial analysis of clinical malaria and subclinical Plasmodium infections in Pailin Province, Cambodia.', 'Daniel M. Parker, Rupam Tripura, Thomas J. Peto, Richard J. Maude, Chea Nguon, Jeremy Chalk, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Mallika Imwong, Lorenz von Seidlein, Nicholas J. White, & Arjen M. Dondorp, A multi-level spatial analysis of clinical malaria and subclinical Plasmodium infections in Pailin Province, Cambodia(28 April 2017).', 'Daniel M. Parker, Rupam Tripura, Thomas J. Peto, Richard J. Maude, Chea Nguon, Jeremy Chalk, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Mallika Imwong, Lorenz von Seidlein, Nicholas J. White, & Arjen M. Dondorp (28 April 2017), A multi-level spatial analysis of clinical malaria and subclinical Plasmodium infections in Pailin Province, Cambodia.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 31, 3),
(38, 'The River in Between', 'Ngugi wa Thiong’o', '2015', 'Books', '', 'The River Between ( PDFDrive ).pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Ngugi wa Thiong’o (2015), The River in Between.', 'Ngugi wa Thiong’o, The River in Between(2015).', 'Ngugi wa Thiong’o (2015), The River in Between.', 'The river btn.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 52, 3),
(40, 'The Cambridge Companion to the African Novel (Cambridge Companions to Literature) ', 'f. abiola irele', '2009', 'Books', '', 'The Cambridge Companion to the African Novel (Cambridge Companions to Literature) ( PDFDrive ).pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'f. abiola irele (2009), The Cambridge Companion to the African Novel (Cambridge Companions to Literature) .', 'f. abiola irele, The Cambridge Companion to the African Novel (Cambridge Companions to Literature) (2009).', 'f. abiola irele (2009), The Cambridge Companion to the African Novel (Cambridge Companions to Literature) .', 'Capture.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 42, 3),
(41, 'Ngugi wa Thiong’o ', 'Simon Gikandi', '2009', 'Books', '', 'Ngugi wa Thiong’o ( PDFDrive ).pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Simon Gikandi (2009), Ngugi wa Thiong’o .', 'Simon Gikandi, Ngugi wa Thiong’o (2009).', 'Simon Gikandi (2009), Ngugi wa Thiong’o .', 'Capture1.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 48, 3),
(42, 'Ngugi wa Thiong’o ', 'Simon Gikandi', '2009', 'Books', '', 'Ngugi wa Thiong’o ( PDFDrive ).pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Simon Gikandi (2009), Ngugi wa Thiong’o .', 'Simon Gikandi, Ngugi wa Thiong’o (2009).', 'Simon Gikandi (2009), Ngugi wa Thiong’o .', 'Capture1.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 62, 3),
(43, 'Malaria research in Malawi from 1984 to 2016: a literature review and bibliometric analysis', 'Chikondi A. Mwendera, Christiaan de Jager, Herbert Longwe, Charles Hongoro, Clifford M. Mutero, and Kamija S. Phiri', '2017', 'Journals', '', 'Malaria 1984-2016.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: Malaria research can play a vital role in addressing the malaria burden in Malawi. An organized\r\napproach in addressing malaria in Malawi started in 1984 by the establishment of the first National Malaria Control\r\nProgramme and research was recognized to be significant. This study aimed to assess the type and amount of malaria\r\nresearch conducted in Malawi from 1984 to 2016 and its related source of funding.\r\nMethods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the Medline/PubMed database for Malawian publications\r\nand approved malaria studies from two Ethical Committees were examined. Bibliometric analysis was utilized to\r\ncapture the affiliations of first and senior/last authors, funding acknowledgements, while titles, abstracts and accessed\r\nfull text were examined for research type.\r\nResults: A total of 483 publications and 165 approved studies were analysed. Clinical and basic research in the fields\r\nof malaria in pregnancy 105 (21.5%), severe malaria 97 (20.1%) and vector and/or agent dynamics 69 (14.3%) dominated\r\nin the publications while morbidity 33 (20%), severe malaria 28 (17%) and Health Policy and Systems Research\r\n24 (14.5%) dominated in the approved studies. In the publications, 146 (30%) first authors and 100 (21%) senior\r\nauthors, and 88 (53.3%) principal investigators in approved studies were affiliated to Malawian-based institutions.\r\nMost researchers were affiliated to the Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust, College of Medicine, Blantyre Malaria Project,\r\nMinistry of Health, and Malaria Alert Centre. The major malaria research funders were the National Institute for Health/\r\nUSA, Wellcome Trust and the US Agency for International Development. Only three (2.5%) out of 118 journals publishing\r\nresearch on malaria in Malawi were from Africa and the Malaria Journal, with 76 (15.7%) publications, published\r\nmost of the research from Malawi, followed by the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene with 57 (11.8%) in\r\ncomparison to only 13 (2.7%) published in the local Malawi Medical Journal.\r\nConclusions: Clinical and basic research, which is mostly funded externally, in the fields of malaria in pregnancy,\r\nsevere malaria and vector and/or agent dynamics dominated, while health policy and system research was least\r\nsupported. The quantity may reflect scientific research activity but the initial primary impact is contribution to policy\r\ndevelopment.\r\nKeywords: Malaria research, Funding, Health policy, Malawi', 'Chikondi A. Mwendera, Christiaan de Jager, Herbert Longwe, Charles Hongoro, Clifford M. Mutero, and Kamija S. Phiri (2017), Malaria research in Malawi from 1984 to 2016: a literature review and bibliometric analysis.', 'Chikondi A. Mwendera, Christiaan de Jager, Herbert Longwe, Charles Hongoro, Clifford M. Mutero, and Kamija S. Phiri, Malaria research in Malawi from 1984 to 2016: a literature review and bibliometric analysis(2017).', 'Chikondi A. Mwendera, Christiaan de Jager, Herbert Longwe, Charles Hongoro, Clifford M. Mutero, and Kamija S. Phiri (2017), Malaria research in Malawi from 1984 to 2016: a literature review and bibliometric analysis.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 12, 3),
(44, 'Knowledge on tuberculosis and utilization of DOTS service by tuberculosis patients in Lalitpur District, Nepal', 'Nirmal Gautam , Rewati Raj Karki, Rasheda Khanam', '2021', 'Journals', '', 'journal.pone.02456861.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Tuberculosis is one of the major infectious diseases and is both complex and serious. It is spread from person to person through the air, causing a public health burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to assess the knowledge on tuberculosis\r\nand the utilization of Directly-Observed Therapy, Short Course (DOTS) service from the public DOTS centers in Lalitpur district of Nepal.\r\nMethod\r\nA structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 23 DOTS centers in Lalitpur district.\r\nUnivariate and multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess the knowledge on\r\ntuberculosis and utilization of DOTS among people living with tuberculosis.\r\nResults \r\nAmong 390 respondents, 80% of patients had knowledge of tuberculosis and 76.92% utilized the DOTS service from the DOTS center. People of higher age (50–60 years) [aOR;\r\n13.96, 95% CI 4.79,40.68], [aOR; 10.84,95% CI 4.09,28.76] had significantly more knowledge on TB and utilization of the DOTS service compared to the younger group. Additionally, those who completed twelfth class [aOR; 2.25, 95% CI 0.46,11.07] and [aOR;2.47,\r\n95% CI 0.51,11.28] had greater knowledge of Tuberculosis and utilization of DOTS compared to those who had not completed twelfth class. Likewise, compared to urban residents, respondents in rural areas (aOR; 0.51, 95% CI 0.27,0.97) had less knowledge of tuberculosis,\r\n(aOR; 0.57, 95% CI 0.32,1) and less chance of utilization of the DOTS service from the\r\nDOTS center.\r\nConclusion\r\nApproximately one quarter of patients did not have adequate knowledge of tuberculosis and were not utilizing the DOTS service, particularly in younger age groups, people living in a combined family, with no education, poor economic position, and from rural areas. Findings of this study revealed that some specific programs are needed for enhancing the knowledge and utilization of DOTS, particularly for those patients whose economic situations extended from low to mid range.', 'Nirmal Gautam , Rewati Raj Karki, Rasheda Khanam (2021), Knowledge on tuberculosis and utilization of DOTS service by tuberculosis patients in Lalitpur District, Nepal.', 'Nirmal Gautam , Rewati Raj Karki, Rasheda Khanam, Knowledge on tuberculosis and utilization of DOTS service by tuberculosis patients in Lalitpur District, Nepal(2021).', 'Nirmal Gautam , Rewati Raj Karki, Rasheda Khanam (2021), Knowledge on tuberculosis and utilization of DOTS service by tuberculosis patients in Lalitpur District, Nepal.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 13, 3),
(45, 'HIV/AIDS research in Africa and the Middle East: participation and equity in North- South collaborations and relationships', 'Gregorio González-Alcaide , Marouane Menchi-Elanzi, Edy Nacarapa and José-Manuel Ramos-Rincón', '2020', 'Journals', '', 'HIV and AIDS Research in Africa.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: HIV/AIDS has attracted considerable research attention since the 1980s. In the current context of\r\nglobalization and the predominance of cooperative work, it is crucial to analyze the participation of the countries\r\nand regions where the infection is most prevalent. This study assesses the participation of African countries in\r\npublications on the topic, as well as the degree of equity or influence existing in North-South relations.\r\nMethods: We identified all articles and reviews of HIV/AIDS indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection. We\r\nanalyzed the scientific production, collaboration, and contributions from African and Middle Eastern countries to\r\nscientific activity in the region. The concept of leadership, measured through the participation as the first author of\r\ndocuments in collaboration was used to determine the equity in research produced through international\r\ncollaboration.\r\nResults: A total of 68,808 documents published from 2010 to 2017 were analyzed. Researchers from North America\r\nand Europe participated in 82.14% of the global scientific production on HIV/AIDS, compared to just 21.61% from\r\nAfrica and the Middle East. Furthermore, the publications that did come out of these regions was concentrated in a\r\nsmall number of countries, led by South Africa (41% of the documents). Other features associated with HIV/AIDS\r\npublications from Africa include the importance of international collaboration from the USA, the UK, and other\r\nEuropean countries (75–93% of the documents) and the limited participation as first authors that is evident (30 to\r\n36% of the documents). Finally, the publications to which African countries contributed had a notably different\r\ndisciplinary orientation, with a predominance of research on public health, epidemiology, and drug therapy.\r\nConclusions: It is essential to foster more balance in research output, avoid the concentration of resources that\r\nreproduces the global North-South model on the African continent, and focus the research agenda on local\r\npriorities. To accomplish this, the global North should strengthen the transfer of research skills and seek equity in\r\ncooperative ties, favoring the empowerment of African countries. These efforts should be concentrated in countries\r\nwith low scientific activity and high incidence and prevalence of the disease. It is also essential to foster\r\n(Continued on next page)', 'Gregorio González-Alcaide , Marouane Menchi-Elanzi, Edy Nacarapa and José-Manuel Ramos-Rincón (2020), HIV/AIDS research in Africa and the Middle East: participation and equity in North- South collaborations and relationships.', 'Gregorio González-Alcaide , Marouane Menchi-Elanzi, Edy Nacarapa and José-Manuel Ramos-Rincón, HIV/AIDS research in Africa and the Middle East: participation and equity in North- South collaborations and relationships(2020).', 'Gregorio González-Alcaide , Marouane Menchi-Elanzi, Edy Nacarapa and José-Manuel Ramos-Rincón (2020), HIV/AIDS research in Africa and the Middle East: participation and equity in North- South collaborations and relationships.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 15, 3),
(46, 'HIV and AIDS in East and Southern Africa regional overview', 'UNAIDS', '2019', 'Unpublished Journals', '', 'HIV & AIDS EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'UNAIDS (2019), HIV and AIDS in East and Southern Africa regional overview.', 'UNAIDS, HIV and AIDS in East and Southern Africa regional overview(2019).', 'UNAIDS (2019), HIV and AIDS in East and Southern Africa regional overview.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 26, 3),
(47, 'High entomological inoculation rate of malaria vectors in area of high coverage of interventions in southwest Ethiopia: Implication for residual malaria transmission', 'Misrak Abraham, Fekadu Massebo Bernt Lindtjørn', '2017', 'Journals', '', 'High-entomological-inoculation-rate-of-malaria-vectors-in-a_2017_Parasite-Ep.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'In Ethiopia, vector control is the principal strategy to reduce the burden of malaria. The\r\nentomological indicators of malaria transmission such as density, sporozoite rate and entomological\r\ninoculation rate (EIR) are parameters used to assess the impact of the interventions and\r\nthe intensity of malaria transmission. The susceptibility of malaria vectors also determines the\r\neffectiveness of insecticide based vector control tools. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess\r\nthe species composition, sporozoite rate and EIR, and insecticide susceptibility status of malaria\r\nvectors.\r\n33 houses (18 for Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps and 15 for exit\r\ntraps) were randomly selected to sample Anopheles mosquitoes from October 2015 to May 2016.\r\nPlasmodium circum-sporozoite proteins (CSPs) of An. arabiensis and An. pharoensis were\r\ndetermined using Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA).\r\nFive Anopheles species were identified from CDC Light traps and exit traps. An. arabiensis\r\n(80.2%) was the predominant species, followed by An. pharoensis (18.5%). An. pretoriensis, An.\r\ntenebrosus and An. rhodesiensis were documented in small numbers. 1056 Anopheles mosquitoes\r\nwere tested for CSPs. Of which nine (eight An. arabiensis and one An. pharoensis) were positive for\r\nCSPs with an overall CSP rate of 0.85% (95% CI: 0.3–1.4). Five Anopheles mosquitoes were\r\npositive for P. falciparum and four were positive for P.vivax_210. P. falciparum CSP rate of An.\r\narabiensis was 0.46% (95% CI: 0.13–1.2) and it was 0.54% (95% CI: 0.01–2.9) for An. pharoensis.\r\nThe overall EIR of An. arabiensis was 5.3 infectious bites per/person (ib/p)/eight months. An.\r\narabiensis was resistant to dieldrin (mortality rate of 57%) and deltamethrin with mortality rates\r\nof 71% but was fully susceptible to propoxur and bendiocarb. Based on the EIR of An. arabiensis,\r\nindoor malaria transmission was high regardless of high coverage of indoor-based interventions.\r\nFinally, there was an indoor residual malaria transmission in a village of high coverage of bed\r\nnets and where the principal malaria vector is susceptibility to propoxur and bendiocarb;\r\ninsecticides currently in use for indoor residual spraying. The continuing indoor transmission of\r\nmalaria in such village implies the need for new tools to supplement the existing interventions\r\nand to reduce indoor malaria transmission.', 'Misrak Abraham, Fekadu Massebo Bernt Lindtjørn (2017), High entomological inoculation rate of malaria vectors in area of high coverage of interventions in southwest Ethiopia: Implication for residual malaria transmission.', 'Misrak Abraham, Fekadu Massebo Bernt Lindtjørn, High entomological inoculation rate of malaria vectors in area of high coverage of interventions in southwest Ethiopia: Implication for residual malaria transmission(2017).', 'Misrak Abraham, Fekadu Massebo Bernt Lindtjørn (2017), High entomological inoculation rate of malaria vectors in area of high coverage of interventions in southwest Ethiopia: Implication for residual malaria transmission.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 4, 8, 3),
(48, 'INTEGRATION OF ETHICAL VALUES INTO FRAUD TRIANGLE THEORY IN EVALUATING EMPLOYEES FRAUD AT ZAMBIAN BANK', 'Edson Chatulukira', '2020', 'Unpublished Dissertations', '', 'EDSONP~3.DOC', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Purpose – This study aims to integrate ethical values into fraud triangle theory in evaluating employee fraud at Zambian bank.\r\nDesign/ methodology/approach - The case is based on the primary data gathered from a commercialized bank in Zambia. For reputation security reason the name of the bank has been withheld. For rest of the paper the bank has been referred as ABC bank. This study collected primary data by an online questionnaire-based survey. Data was analyzed through Univariate and bivariate on IBM SPSS statistics 22.\r\nFindings – The findings indicate a statistic significant and positive relationship between variables of fraud triangle theory and employee fraud except opportunity. Moreover, this study revealed that ethical values is statistically significant and negatively correlated employee fraud occurrence.\r\nOriginality/value – This study contributes to the literature by integrating a commonly proposed but underexplored element of ethical value into fraud triangle theory in mitigating employee fraud.\r\nKey words: Employee Fraud, Opportunity, Pressure, Rationalization, Ethical Values, Zambian Banking Sector. \r\n', 'Edson Chatulukira (2020), INTEGRATION OF ETHICAL VALUES INTO FRAUD TRIANGLE THEORY IN EVALUATING EMPLOYEES FRAUD AT ZAMBIAN BANK.', 'Edson Chatulukira, INTEGRATION OF ETHICAL VALUES INTO FRAUD TRIANGLE THEORY IN EVALUATING EMPLOYEES FRAUD AT ZAMBIAN BANK(2020).', 'Edson Chatulukira (2020), INTEGRATION OF ETHICAL VALUES INTO FRAUD TRIANGLE THEORY IN EVALUATING EMPLOYEES FRAUD AT ZAMBIAN BANK.', 'tempsnip.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 22, 3),
(49, 'Evidence to inform how new bed nets can be used to prevent malaria in Malawi', 'Dr. Elizabeth Bandason', '2020', 'Health Sector Literature', '', 'Evidence-to-inform-how-new-bed-nets-can-be-used-to-prevent-malaria-in-Malawi-1.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Dr. Elizabeth Bandason (2020), Evidence to inform how new bed nets can be used to prevent malaria in Malawi.', 'Dr. Elizabeth Bandason, Evidence to inform how new bed nets can be used to prevent malaria in Malawi(2020).', 'Dr. Elizabeth Bandason (2020), Evidence to inform how new bed nets can be used to prevent malaria in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 34, 3),
(50, 'An Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, Perception and Practice about COVID-19 among the Kenyan Population', 'Kenya Ministry of Health, Kenya Medical Research Institute, and African Institute for Development Policy', '2020', 'Health Sector Literature', '', 'Covid-19-KAPP-Study-Policy-Brief_29th-September-.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Basic knowledge on COVID-19 is high, but 62% respondents want more information on treatment,\r\nprevention\r\n• Fear of COVID-19 and stigma are high - 71% of respondents said they would not be comfortable\r\nbeing in the same home, office or school with someone who has COVID-19\r\n• Most respondents are not observing COVID-19 control measures at all times – less than half of\r\nrespondents reported practicing social-distancing and hand hygiene, and only half wear a face mask\r\nin public.\r\n• More than half of respondents who experienced COVID-19 like symptoms either bought drugs from\r\nlocal pharmacy or ignored the symptoms hoping they will go away\r\n• Half of the healthcare workers who participated in the survey had neither received any COVID-19\r\nrelated training nor had PPEs\r\nResults\r\n• Train, empower and facilitate community health workers to educate communities on COVID-19\r\nprevention, treatment and management as part of strengthening the Home-based care option for\r\npatients with Covid-19\r\n• Prioritize a multi-pronged approach to ensure that all communities, including remote communities, are\r\nreached with COVID-19 public education campaigns\r\n• Review, diversify and intensify public education on COVID-19 including the importance of consistency\r\nin adhering to the various intervention measures and what to do if one suspects that they could be\r\nhaving COVID-19 like symptoms – the do’s and dont’s, and on home-based care\r\n• Increase collaboration with local pharmacies on symptomatic screening and appropriate referral for\r\nCOVID-19 testing\r\n• Implement measures that destigmatize COVID-19 for effective home-based quarantine and isolation\r\n• Enhance socio-economic cushioning that caters for the new vulnerable persons who have lost their\r\njobs or income as result of the pandemic\r\n• Prioritise training and provision of PPEs and psychosocial support to healthcare workers', 'Kenya Ministry of Health, Kenya Medical Research Institute, and African Institute for Development Policy (2020), An Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, Perception and Practice about COVID-19 among the Kenyan Population.', 'Kenya Ministry of Health, Kenya Medical Research Institute, and African Institute for Development Policy, An Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, Perception and Practice about COVID-19 among the Kenyan Population(2020).', 'Kenya Ministry of Health, Kenya Medical Research Institute, and African Institute for Development Policy (2020), An Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, Perception and Practice about COVID-19 among the Kenyan Population.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 31, 3),
(53, 'Antimicrobial-stewardship-in-Malawi-Optimising-antibiotic-usage', 'African Institute for Development Policy', '2020', 'Health Sector Literature', '', 'Antimicrobial-stewardship-in-Malawi-Optimising-antibiotic-usage.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'African Institute for Development Policy (2020), Antimicrobial-stewardship-in-Malawi-Optimising-antibiotic-usage.', 'African Institute for Development Policy, Antimicrobial-stewardship-in-Malawi-Optimising-antibiotic-usage(2020).', 'African Institute for Development Policy (2020), Antimicrobial-stewardship-in-Malawi-Optimising-antibiotic-usage.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 26, 3),
(54, 'Mobile Health in Uganda: A Case Study of the Medical Concierge Group', 'Louis H. Kamulegeya, Joseph Ssebwana, Wilson Abigaba, John M. Bwanika, Davis Musinguzi', '2019', 'Health Sector Literature', '', '3-Article Text-6-1-10-20190621.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'ABSTRACT\r\nThe ubiquity of mobile phones offers an opportunity for a paradigm change in health-care delivery, which may offer solutions\r\nto some of the challenges faced by the health sector in Uganda. The Medical Concierge Group (TMCG) is a digital health\r\ncompany, headquartered in Uganda, which leverages on mobile phone-based platforms – such as short messaging service\r\n(SMS), voice calling – and social media to deliver health services. Just over two-thirds (68%) of users of TMCG’s services\r\nare males between 18 and 30 years of age. SMS reminders have improved the honouring of health facility appointments\r\namong HIV-positive clients, from 60% to 90%; retention rates at supported health facilities have improved from 45% to 89%.\r\nFurthermore, information dissemination has been achieved via mobile SMS, wherein subscribers can access health content\r\non diverse topics – such as HIV/AIDS prevention and family planning – by sending messages to a pre-defined short code to\r\na phone line. Over 900 beneficiaries have accessed health content via SMS subscriptions. Social media platforms, including\r\nFacebook and Twitter, are used for health information dissemination and have enabled a wider reach to over 13 million\r\nbeneficiaries accessing health information on TMCG’s Facebook page alone. Tailoring mobile phone-based health content\r\nto meet the target beneficiaries’ needs is critical for TMCG’s impact and uptake. With rising rates of phone ownership and\r\nInternet connectivity in Uganda, mobile phones offer an affordable and proven adoptable avenue to overcome the chronic\r\nchallenges faced by the health sector.', 'Louis H. Kamulegeya, Joseph Ssebwana, Wilson Abigaba, John M. Bwanika, Davis Musinguzi (2019), Mobile Health in Uganda: A Case Study of the Medical Concierge Group.', 'Louis H. Kamulegeya, Joseph Ssebwana, Wilson Abigaba, John M. Bwanika, Davis Musinguzi, Mobile Health in Uganda: A Case Study of the Medical Concierge Group(2019).', 'Louis H. Kamulegeya, Joseph Ssebwana, Wilson Abigaba, John M. Bwanika, Davis Musinguzi (2019), Mobile Health in Uganda: A Case Study of the Medical Concierge Group.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 35, 3),
(55, 'Prevalence and Distribution of Multidrug-Resistant Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tanzania', 'John C. Mgogwe, Hadija H. Semvua, Oliva Safari, Gibson E. Kapanda, Balthazar M. Nyombi, Jaffu O. Chilongola', '2019', 'Journals', '', '5-Article Text-10-1-10-20190621.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: Molecular identification of mutations resulting in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an important\r\napproach for improving understanding of MDR-TB epidemiology and planning for appropriate interventions. We aimed\r\nto estimate the prevalence and distribution of mutations causing MDR-TB as well as determine the gene distribution among\r\npatients previously treated for TB.\r\nMethods: This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study conducted from April 2017 to October 2018 at Kibong’oto Infectious\r\nDiseases Hospital (KIDH). KIDH is the national MDR-TB referral hospital. Participants were patients presumptively diagnosed\r\nwith MDR-TB and referred to KIDH from district and regional hospitals across Tanzania. Sputum samples were collected\r\nand analysed using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay, direct sputum smear fluorescence microscopy, culture on Lowenstein-Jensen\r\nmedium, and line probe assay using the GenoType MTBDRplus VER 2.0 system. Demographic information and mutation frequencies\r\nwere reported as counts and percentages and analysed using descriptive statistics.\r\nResults: A total of 208 (69.3%) participants had rpoB gene mutations conferring resistance to only rifampicin; 92 (30.7%)\r\nhad rpoB, katG, and inhA mutations conferring resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid; 78 (26%) had rpoB and katG mutations\r\nconferring resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid; and 14 (4.7%) had rpoB and inhA mutations conferring resistance to\r\nrifampicin and isoniazid.\r\nConclusion: The mutation prevalences identified in this study indicate the most frequent mutations were the S531L mutation\r\nof the rpoB gene, the S315T1 mutation of the katG gene, and the S315T mutation in the promoter region of the inhA gene.\r\nTo control the emergence and spread of MDR-TB, drug sensitivity testing must be carried for GeneXpert-confirmed TB patients\r\nprior to initiating second-line anti-TB regimens.', 'John C. Mgogwe, Hadija H. Semvua, Oliva Safari, Gibson E. Kapanda, Balthazar M. Nyombi, Jaffu O. Chilongola (2019), Prevalence and Distribution of Multidrug-Resistant Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tanzania.', 'John C. Mgogwe, Hadija H. Semvua, Oliva Safari, Gibson E. Kapanda, Balthazar M. Nyombi, Jaffu O. Chilongola, Prevalence and Distribution of Multidrug-Resistant Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tanzania(2019).', 'John C. Mgogwe, Hadija H. Semvua, Oliva Safari, Gibson E. Kapanda, Balthazar M. Nyombi, Jaffu O. Chilongola (2019), Prevalence and Distribution of Multidrug-Resistant Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tanzania.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 19, 3),
(56, 'COVID-19 Awakening: Preparedness, Readiness and Response during the pandemic', 'Daniel W Kitua, Andrew Y Kitua', '2020', 'Journals', '', '20-Article Text-99-1-10-20200513.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'At the end of December 2019, the China public health authorities were informed on cases of unusual pneumonia detected in Wuhan City, mainland China. The causative agent was later identified to be a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) currently referred to as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). The World Health Organization declared the disease a public health emergency of international concern on 30th January 2020 and named it Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on 11th February 2020. By 20th April 2020, over 2.4 million cases of COVID-19 had been reported from 210 countries and territories worldwide. The rate at which COVID-19 spreads and the fact that asymptomatic individuals can transmit the disease has risen concerns on how to control the pandemic in resource-constrained countries. We conducted a review of literatures and summarized the key lessons to inform policy and decision makers on strategies necessary for an effective response during the pandemic. We recommend comprehensive implementation of the proposed approaches that encompass robust containment strategies and flexible transition to scaling up mitigation strategies.\r\nKey words: Preparedness and Response, SARS CoV-2, COVID–19, Pandemic, Epidemic, Outbreak.', 'Daniel W Kitua, Andrew Y Kitua (2020), COVID-19 Awakening: Preparedness, Readiness and Response during the pandemic.', 'Daniel W Kitua, Andrew Y Kitua, COVID-19 Awakening: Preparedness, Readiness and Response during the pandemic(2020).', 'Daniel W Kitua, Andrew Y Kitua (2020), COVID-19 Awakening: Preparedness, Readiness and Response during the pandemic.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 4, 7, 3),
(57, 'Tracking characterization of Mycobacterium strains in Tanzania and some sub-Saharan African Countries: An overview on genotyping studies, implication and trends in advancing technology', 'Erasto Mbugi, Bugwesa Katale, Julius Keyyu, Sharon Kendall, Anita L Michel, Hazel M Dockrell, Mark Rweyemamu, Paul D van Helden, Mecky Matee', '2020', 'Journals', '', '21-Article Text-302-1-10-20201005.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Tuberculosis (TB) is a devastating chronic debilitating infection that imposes a considerable negative impact on human health. The disease also affects the quality of livestock, wildlife and their products. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is the causative agent for human TB, while Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) predominantly causes TB in animals, though is also zoonotic. In Tanzania and other developing countries timely diagnosis of disease is hampered by poor access to appropriate capacity and technology to characterize the pathogen. This review explores the diverse methods available for the diagnosis and characterization of Mycobacterial species and strains isolated from both humans and animals in sub Saharan Africa. The review will identify knowledge gaps and highlight direction for future investigation of the interface TB risk, which could lead to a better regional control strategy. A systematic search of PubMed, Google and Google Scholar retrieved 716 published articles on TB and methods used with the aim of tracking the advancement in technology and to reflect where we are and what can best be done to improve the strategy for best control of the disease. The search terms included but not limited to “(Whole Genome Sequencing AND sub-Saharan Africa); (Diverse TB strains + Human +Animals) AND Tanzania + Africa + Sub-Saharan Africa; (Diverse TB strains + human+ animals) OR Tanzania + Africa + Sub-Saharan Africa)”. The review illustrates an advancement of technology from 1950s to 2000s with only 17.7% studies having been done using DNA-based methods and 81.3% being studies that used conventional methods. Most of the molecular studies cluster in the mid- to late 2000s which could be due to lack of expertise, slow adoption of technology or the high cost of running these valuable molecular tests. This overview on genotyping studies and trend in molecular studies highlights the need for more investment in this region of the world. An increased use of molecular methods will help in increasing the chances of detecting new TB strains in circulation and identifying potential risks for cross-transmission at humans-livestock-wildlife interface. A strengthened ability to detect and characterizes disease will better support country and regional control strategies.\r\nKey words: Mycobacterium strains, Trends, Genotyping studies, Advancing technology, Tanzania.', 'Erasto Mbugi, Bugwesa Katale, Julius Keyyu, Sharon Kendall, Anita L Michel, Hazel M Dockrell, Mark Rweyemamu, Paul D van Helden, Mecky Matee (2020), Tracking characterization of Mycobacterium strains in Tanzania and some sub-Saharan African Countries: An overview on genotyping studies, implication and trends in advancing technology.', 'Erasto Mbugi, Bugwesa Katale, Julius Keyyu, Sharon Kendall, Anita L Michel, Hazel M Dockrell, Mark Rweyemamu, Paul D van Helden, Mecky Matee, Tracking characterization of Mycobacterium strains in Tanzania and some sub-Saharan African Countries: An overview on genotyping studies, implication and trends in advancing technology(2020).', 'Erasto Mbugi, Bugwesa Katale, Julius Keyyu, Sharon Kendall, Anita L Michel, Hazel M Dockrell, Mark Rweyemamu, Paul D van Helden, Mecky Matee (2020), Tracking characterization of Mycobacterium strains in Tanzania and some sub-Saharan African Countries: An overview on genotyping studies, implication and trends in advancing technology.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 6, 10, 3),
(58, 'Ethnopharmacology, Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Aristolochia bracteolata Lam: A Review of an Antimalarial Plant', 'Lina S. Mathew, Andrew G. Mtewa,  Clement O. Ajayi, Serawit Deyno, Anke Weisheit, Casim Umba Tolo, Arop L. Deng, Patrick Engeu Ogwang', '2020', 'Journals', '', '22-Article Text-103-1-10-20200513.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Malaria remains one of the most common infectious diseases in the sub-Sahara African countries and other developing countries. Among the medicinal plants used in the endemic countries for the treatment of malaria is Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. due to its availability, accessibility, and traditional use. This study therefore reviewed the ethnomedicinal use, pharmacology, and the chemistry of Aristolochia bracteolata. Different electronic databases such as Medline/Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched to identify all published articles on Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. Key search words included ethnopharmacological use, pharmacological and phytochemical parameters of A. bracteolata. Retrieved articles were reviewed and synthesized. In addition, the reference list of retrieved articles was reviewed and articles which were not retrieved by previous search were hand searched. The review included original research articles that has investigated Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. of any study design. Only published original articles, any languages, any time of publish, and grey literature (Conference paper, theses both PhD. and Msc. technical report) were included. Those articles with full text not available, those without information of interest, e.g ethnopharmacology, pharmacology and phytochemistry of A. bracteolata were excluded. Despite having multiple use, the plant is mainly used in the treatment of malaria with a reported antiplasmodial activity. Aristolochic acids (AAs) were reported as the major and active ingredient among other components in the plant. The review revealed that A. bracteolata has various traditional use with promising pharmacological activity. However, information on its safety is limited.\r\nKeywords: Aristolochia bracteolata, Ethnopharmacology, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, South Sudan, Malaria, Aristolochic acids.', 'Lina S. Mathew, Andrew G. Mtewa,  Clement O. Ajayi, Serawit Deyno, Anke Weisheit, Casim Umba Tolo, Arop L. Deng, Patrick Engeu Ogwang (2020), Ethnopharmacology, Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Aristolochia bracteolata Lam: A Review of an Antimalarial Plant.', 'Lina S. Mathew, Andrew G. Mtewa,  Clement O. Ajayi, Serawit Deyno, Anke Weisheit, Casim Umba Tolo, Arop L. Deng, Patrick Engeu Ogwang, Ethnopharmacology, Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Aristolochia bracteolata Lam: A Review of an Antimalarial Plant(2020).', 'Lina S. Mathew, Andrew G. Mtewa,  Clement O. Ajayi, Serawit Deyno, Anke Weisheit, Casim Umba Tolo, Arop L. Deng, Patrick Engeu Ogwang (2020), Ethnopharmacology, Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Aristolochia bracteolata Lam: A Review of an Antimalarial Plant.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 8, 3);
INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(59, 'Multi-drug resistant facultative pathogenic bacteria colonizing the vagina of pregnant women with premature rupture of membrane, Tanzania', 'Emmanuel Kamgobe, Simone Grote, Martha F. Mushi, Damas Wilson, Letticia Gandye, Oliver Bader, Stephen E. Mshana, Uwe Groβ', '2020', 'Journals', '', '23-Article Text-105-1-10-20200513.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: Premature rupture of membrane (PROM) contributes to approximately one-third of premature birth and 10% perinatal mortality worldwide. Here, we report the patterns of facultative pathogenic bacteria colonizing the vagina of pregnant women to guide prophylactic antibiotic treatment in the management of PROM.\r\nMethods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2015 and March 2016. High vaginal swabs were collected and processed to detect the presence of facultative pathogenic bacteria. Isolate identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using MALDI-TOF MS and VITEK-2 system, respectively. Data were analyzed using STATA version 13.\r\nResults: A total of 175 pregnant women with PROM and 175 without PROM were investigated. The median age of the pregnant women with PROM was significantly higher than that of pregnant women without PROM: 27 [21-32] vs. 25[21-29], p=0.026. Pregnant women with PROM were significantly more likely to be colonized with facultative pathogenic bacteria 59/175 (33.7%), 95% CI; 26.7-40.7 than pregnant women without PROM; 27/175 (15.4%), 95% CI; 10.1-20.7, P<0.001. Escherichia coli were significantly more isolated from pregnant women with PROM than those without PROM: 36 (73.5%) vs. 13(26.5%), p<0.001. The proportion of resistance among pathogenic isolates from women with PROM to ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and cefotaxime were 100%, 66.7% and 40%, respectively.\r\nConclusions: The vagina of pregnant women with PROM is significantly more colonized by multi-resistant facultative pathogenic bacteria than that of pregnant women without PROM. Further studies should be done to elucidate the impact of these bacteria in relation to PROM and the pregnancy outcome.\r\nKey words: Vaginal colonization, facultative pathogenic bacteria, pregnancy, premature rupture of membrane, multi drug resistance', 'Emmanuel Kamgobe, Simone Grote, Martha F. Mushi, Damas Wilson, Letticia Gandye, Oliver Bader, Stephen E. Mshana, Uwe Groβ (2020), Multi-drug resistant facultative pathogenic bacteria colonizing the vagina of pregnant women with premature rupture of membrane, Tanzania.', 'Emmanuel Kamgobe, Simone Grote, Martha F. Mushi, Damas Wilson, Letticia Gandye, Oliver Bader, Stephen E. Mshana, Uwe Groβ, Multi-drug resistant facultative pathogenic bacteria colonizing the vagina of pregnant women with premature rupture of membrane, Tanzania(2020).', 'Emmanuel Kamgobe, Simone Grote, Martha F. Mushi, Damas Wilson, Letticia Gandye, Oliver Bader, Stephen E. Mshana, Uwe Groβ (2020), Multi-drug resistant facultative pathogenic bacteria colonizing the vagina of pregnant women with premature rupture of membrane, Tanzania.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 3, 6, 3),
(60, 'The prevalence of antibodies to Hepatitis B core antigen among blood donors in a tertiary institution in Nairobi County, Kenya', 'Festus Mulakoli, Michael Gichure', '2020', 'Journals', '', '24-Article Text-107-1-10-20200513.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: Infections linked to blood transfusion or tissue transplants prove to be a major challenge globally because of the serological window period (WP) and a latent stage exhibited by most viral infections. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-HBc antibodies in HBsAg negative donors at Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi.\r\nMethods: The current project was a cross-sectional study in which 76 donor samples that tested negative for HBsAg marker were reevaluated with an anti-HBc ELIA kit (Elecsys reagent kit) following Cobas 601(Roche, Stuttgart, Germany) machine operation manual. Anti-HBc positive samples were confirmed for positivity using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Donor demography and risk factors such as age; gender, marital status, employment status, and donor type were reviewed and documented from the archived questionnaires.\r\nResults: In total, 76 archived samples were screened during the period of the study. The study population had an average age of 32 ± 8 years which male donors dominating at n=61 (79.2 %) and female n=16 (20.8 %). The prevalence rate of anti-HBc Total was 13 % during the period of the study. On further analysis of the 10 anti-HBc positive samples with PCR, there was no detectable HBV-DNA. The majority (63.6 %) of Anti-HBc positive cases were first-time donors and blood donors aged between 25–45 years being the majority.\r\nConclusions: The introduction of anti-HBc as a routine screening tool is recommended to all potential blood donors and even in other medical procedures such as dialysis. These support the need for a duo approach when screening potential donors to rule out occult infection.\r\nKey words: Antibodies, Hepatitis B virus, anti-Hepatitis B core total, Transfusion, Blood donor, Window period', 'Festus Mulakoli, Michael Gichure (2020), The prevalence of antibodies to Hepatitis B core antigen among blood donors in a tertiary institution in Nairobi County, Kenya.', 'Festus Mulakoli, Michael Gichure, The prevalence of antibodies to Hepatitis B core antigen among blood donors in a tertiary institution in Nairobi County, Kenya(2020).', 'Festus Mulakoli, Michael Gichure (2020), The prevalence of antibodies to Hepatitis B core antigen among blood donors in a tertiary institution in Nairobi County, Kenya.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 18, 3),
(61, 'Etiology Agents and Antibiotic Susceptibility profile of Cerebrospinal Meningitis: Retrospective Description of Surveillance Data in Rwanda', 'Celestin Musabyumuremyi, Therese Umuhoza, Ella Larissa Ndoricyimpaye, Gilbert Ntaganira, Naasson Tuyiringire', '2020', 'Journals', '', '26-Article Text-124-1-10-20200514.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: Cerebrospinal meningitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally, but its highest burden is in sub-Saharan Africa. Surveillance is critical to assess the burden of the disease and provide the necessary information to mitigate the impact. The aim of this study is to assess the cases of Cerebrospinal meningitis occurring across the Rwanda in order to determine where the burden of illness lies, the causative agents and effective treatments.\r\nMethod: A retrospective study was carried out from January 2010 to December 2016. 173 cerebrospinal fluid samples from 25 Districts Hospitals in Rwanda were collected from patients suspected of meningitis. Demographic characteristics, region and season, etiological agents, antimicrobial susceptibility variables were analyzed with SPSS, version 22.\r\nResults: Out of 173 suspected cases, 68 were positive for cerebrospinal meningitis. Of the positive cases 35 (56.1% were male) and 17 (25%) were under 5 years of age. The majority of cases 27 (37.5%) occurred between June and September and 22 (32%) were found in the eastern region. In this sample 32 (47.1%) of the confirmed cases were caused by Streptococcus pneumonia, followed by Neisseria meningitidis 17 (x/y; 25.1%) and E. coli with 3 (4.5%). Two different fungi, Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans represented 3 (4.4%) of causative agents. The most common treatment was Ceftriaxone which was the most active/sensitive to all bacterial agents.\r\nConclusion: Children under 5 years of age are the most affected, and the higher prevalence occurs during the dry season in the eastern region. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the leading cause of meningitis, and ceftriaxone antibiotic was the most active to the majority of identified bacteria.\r\nKey words: Antibiotics, Cerebrospinal meningitis, Retrospective data, Rwanda, Susceptibility.', 'Celestin Musabyumuremyi, Therese Umuhoza, Ella Larissa Ndoricyimpaye, Gilbert Ntaganira, Naasson Tuyiringire (2020), Etiology Agents and Antibiotic Susceptibility profile of Cerebrospinal Meningitis: Retrospective Description of Surveillance Data in Rwanda.', 'Celestin Musabyumuremyi, Therese Umuhoza, Ella Larissa Ndoricyimpaye, Gilbert Ntaganira, Naasson Tuyiringire, Etiology Agents and Antibiotic Susceptibility profile of Cerebrospinal Meningitis: Retrospective Description of Surveillance Data in Rwanda(2020).', 'Celestin Musabyumuremyi, Therese Umuhoza, Ella Larissa Ndoricyimpaye, Gilbert Ntaganira, Naasson Tuyiringire (2020), Etiology Agents and Antibiotic Susceptibility profile of Cerebrospinal Meningitis: Retrospective Description of Surveillance Data in Rwanda.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 19, 3),
(62, 'Low exposure to Plasmodium falciparum and Acquisition of Antibodies to Circumsporozoite Protein Antigens in Individuals Living in Western Highlands of Kenya with Unstable Malaria Transmission', 'Michael Kisongochi Walukhu, Michael M Gicheru, Robert Wanjala Nyukuri', '2020', 'Journals', '', '27-Article Text-113-1-10-20200513.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: Malaria continues to be a major public health concern despite the concerted efforts to eliminate it. Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) antigens are involved in prevention of infection and disease with some of the antigens being targeted as lead candidates in vaccine development. However, most of the studies have been done in malaria endemic areas with little information available on exposure and acquisition of protective antibodies in areas of low and unstable malaria transmission. This study sought to determine whether the extent of exposure to P. falciparum affect acquisition of protective antibodies by measuring antibody levels and determine the prevalence of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and crude schizont extract (SE) in individuals living in an area with low unstable malaria transmission in Western Highlands of Kenya.\r\nMethods: Sixty plasma samples from individuals living in an area of low unstable malaria transmission in Western Highlands of Kenya were randomly selected and categorized into three age groups: <8years (n=25), 8-18years (n=21) and >18years (n=14). Antibodies levels in plasma were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and compared to known positive and negative control plasma samples. Prevalence and levels of antibodies produced against circumsporozoite protein and schizont extract antigens were compared between age groups.\r\nResults. The prevalence of antibodies ranged from 0% to 14.29% at arbitrary units (AU)>2 for the two antigens. The antibody prevalence did not significantly increase with age (P>0.05) but correlated with CSP and SE antigens (r=0.5977; P<0.05).\r\nConclusion This study highlights antibody responses to CSP and SE antigens in individuals living in low and unstable malaria transmission. The levels of antibodies were generally low across all age groups and there were no significant differences among age groups. Longitudinal study on more antigens is needed to inform exploration of multi-antigen vaccines and also adopt several control measures including Epidemic Preparedness and Response (EPR).\r\nKey words: Malaria, Circumsporozoite protein, Schizont extract, ELISA, Plasmodium falciparum, IgG antibodies, Kenya', 'Michael Kisongochi Walukhu, Michael M Gicheru, Robert Wanjala Nyukuri (2020), Low exposure to Plasmodium falciparum and Acquisition of Antibodies to Circumsporozoite Protein Antigens in Individuals Living in Western Highlands of Kenya with Unstable Malaria Transmission.', 'Michael Kisongochi Walukhu, Michael M Gicheru, Robert Wanjala Nyukuri, Low exposure to Plasmodium falciparum and Acquisition of Antibodies to Circumsporozoite Protein Antigens in Individuals Living in Western Highlands of Kenya with Unstable Malaria Transmission(2020).', 'Michael Kisongochi Walukhu, Michael M Gicheru, Robert Wanjala Nyukuri (2020), Low exposure to Plasmodium falciparum and Acquisition of Antibodies to Circumsporozoite Protein Antigens in Individuals Living in Western Highlands of Kenya with Unstable Malaria Transmission.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 10, 3),
(64, 'Candida albicans infection among HIV positive and HIV negative women- Case study at Butare University Teaching Hospital (CHUB), Southern province of Rwanda', 'Ella Larissa Ndoricyimpaye, Tuyishime Obed, Habiyakare Jean Claude, Manishimwe Jean d’Amour, Ntwali Denyse, Rutayisire Reverien', '2020', 'Journals', '', '28-Article Text-115-1-10-20200513.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: Candida albicans still major leading global health challenge especially in immunocompromised individual particularly living in low-income countries with limited access to the antifungal drugs. Though the incidences and prevalence of opportunistic infection have been reduced due to the availability and strict adherence to the antiretroviral therapy, candidiasis remains the most frequent fungal infection with high morbidity and mortality and It is still a neglected topic in the research sectors of developing world including Rwanda. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of candida albicans infection among HIV positive and HIV negative women attending Butare University Teaching Hospital in the southern province of Rwanda.\r\nMethods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 306 female participants aged between 17-64 years old. Conventional sampling method was used to obtain the desired population and an interviewer structured questionnaire was administered to gather social demographic information and associated risk factors. both urine and a drop of blood for HIV were requested for testing. HIV testing followed the national HIV testing policy.\r\nResults: Among 306 women participated; the average age range was 30-40 ages. The overall prevalence of candida albicans was 10.5% and was highly isolated in HIV positive women 21(13.7%) than in HIV negative women 11(7. 2%). Pregnancy and antibiotics usage were statistically significant associated with candidiasis with p-value <0.05 while age was not statistically associated with candida albicans infection with p-value>0.05.\r\nConclusion: The availability and strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy to people living with HIV have tackled the opportunistic infections like candidiasis. However, poor hygiene still the major health challenge for both groups. Hence, improved hygiene and early treatment with an improved diagnostic test to the risk population should highly be importance.\r\nKey words: Prevalence, Candida albicans infection, Butare University Teaching Hospital.', 'Ella Larissa Ndoricyimpaye, Tuyishime Obed, Habiyakare Jean Claude, Manishimwe Jean d’Amour, Ntwali Denyse, Rutayisire Reverien (2020), Candida albicans infection among HIV positive and HIV negative women- Case study at Butare University Teaching Hospital (CHUB), Southern province of Rwanda.', 'Ella Larissa Ndoricyimpaye, Tuyishime Obed, Habiyakare Jean Claude, Manishimwe Jean d’Amour, Ntwali Denyse, Rutayisire Reverien, Candida albicans infection among HIV positive and HIV negative women- Case study at Butare University Teaching Hospital (CHUB), Southern province of Rwanda(2020).', 'Ella Larissa Ndoricyimpaye, Tuyishime Obed, Habiyakare Jean Claude, Manishimwe Jean d’Amour, Ntwali Denyse, Rutayisire Reverien (2020), Candida albicans infection among HIV positive and HIV negative women- Case study at Butare University Teaching Hospital (CHUB), Southern province of Rwanda.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 18, 3),
(65, 'Role of Gamma Glutamyltransferase and Alkaline Phosphatase Assay in Enzymatic Panel for Hepatobiliary Function in Patients Attending Kibungo Hospital, Rwanda', 'Mutijima Jean Berchmas and Niyonzima Niyongabo Francois', '2020', 'Journals', '', '30-Article Text-117-1-10-20200513.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: Liver complications show specific processes like hepatoxicity associated with drugs, primary neoplasm, or hepatotropic virus infections. Different markers based on laboratory testing help to diagnose and monitor liver related conditions. Mostly used tests are classed in a set known as hepatic panel or liver profile mainly consisting of body enzymes.\r\nObjective: The objective of the present study was to ascertain the role of gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay in enzymatic panel for hepatobiliary function assessment among patients attending Kibungo hospital.\r\nMethods: Two hundred twenty-five clients were included in the study. Demographic data were collected from December 2016 to March 2017. Blood sera were also collected and tested for serum GGT and ALP levels. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used in data analysis.\r\nResults: Seventy-four point seven per cent of clients had normal GGT whereas 63.1% had normal ALP. The 0.9% of clients comprised low levels of ALP. The means were 53 and 153 U/L for GGT and ALP, respectively. Fifty per cent of alcohol consumers’ population had elevated GGT and ALP. An increase of 69.2 and 61.5% for GGT and ALP, respectively was observed in smokers’ population. The subpopulation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was the most with elevated GGT and ALP levels. In HIV population, serum GGT and ALP were raised at 31.1 and 37.8%, respectively. In fact, hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV, and HIV patients are clinically considered as immuno-compromised people. Alcohol consumption and smoking were also found to increase GGT and ALP concentrations. In addition, GGT and ALP levels were simultaneously elevated in 19.6% of the clients, indicating the frequency of cholestatic liver disease.\r\nConclusion: Elevated GGT and ALP revealed the occurrence of cholestasis among study participants due to factors that elevate serum GGT and ALP levels as a result of dysfunctional liver conditions. In hospital laboratories, GGT and ALP should always be included in the panel of tests for screening and bio-monitoring liver related conditions in Rwanda.\r\nKey words: Cholestatic liver disease; Kibungo hospital; Enzymatic panel; Alkaline phosphatase; Glutamyltransferase', 'Mutijima Jean Berchmas and Niyonzima Niyongabo Francois (2020), Role of Gamma Glutamyltransferase and Alkaline Phosphatase Assay in Enzymatic Panel for Hepatobiliary Function in Patients Attending Kibungo Hospital, Rwanda.', 'Mutijima Jean Berchmas and Niyonzima Niyongabo Francois, Role of Gamma Glutamyltransferase and Alkaline Phosphatase Assay in Enzymatic Panel for Hepatobiliary Function in Patients Attending Kibungo Hospital, Rwanda(2020).', 'Mutijima Jean Berchmas and Niyonzima Niyongabo Francois (2020), Role of Gamma Glutamyltransferase and Alkaline Phosphatase Assay in Enzymatic Panel for Hepatobiliary Function in Patients Attending Kibungo Hospital, Rwanda.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 23, 3),
(66, 'Combined Effects of Carica papaya Seeds with Albendazole on Adult Pheritima posthuma', 'Mudenda Muunda, Justus Brian Musubire, Gloria Nassali, Esdras Shumbusho, Veronica Atim, Patrick Ssematimba, Pheonah Kebirungi, Evans Atwijukire, Hedmon Okella', '2020', 'Journals', '', '31-Article Text-119-1-10-20200513.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: Carica papaya seed is commonly used as herbal remedy for intestinal worms. This study investigated the combined effect of Carica papaya seed extracts and albendazole on adult Pheretima posthuma.\r\nMethods: Cold percolation method was used to extract bioactive compounds in dry powdered seeds of Carica papaya using water, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether as solvents. Individual extracts and combinations of the extracts with albendazole were assayed for anthelminthic activity in which the time of paralysis (P) and time of death (D) of the worms were determined.\r\nResults: Aqueous extract gave highest extractive yield of 19.8% followed by the ethyl acetate extract at 17.2%. Moreover, the individual aqueous extract and that combined with albendazole paralyzed the worm within shorter time (41.00 and 42.00 minutes respectively) compared to the conventional drug albendazole alone (48.67 minutes). Conversely, Albedazole killed the worms faster than any other extract in just 1.18 hours. Albendazole combined either with water or ethyl acetate killed the worm at 24th hour. Combined albendazole with petroleum ether extract could not kill the worm even after 24 hours.\r\nConclusion: From this study, combining the C. papaya seed extracts with albendazole did not shorten paralytic and anthelminthic activity on adult Pheretima posthuma. Carica papaya seeds extracts should rather be used individually and best when extracted in water.\r\nKey words: Antihelminthic, Carica papaya, Bioactive', 'Mudenda Muunda, Justus Brian Musubire, Gloria Nassali, Esdras Shumbusho, Veronica Atim, Patrick Ssematimba, Pheonah Kebirungi, Evans Atwijukire, Hedmon Okella (2020), Combined Effects of Carica papaya Seeds with Albendazole on Adult Pheritima posthuma.', 'Mudenda Muunda, Justus Brian Musubire, Gloria Nassali, Esdras Shumbusho, Veronica Atim, Patrick Ssematimba, Pheonah Kebirungi, Evans Atwijukire, Hedmon Okella, Combined Effects of Carica papaya Seeds with Albendazole on Adult Pheritima posthuma(2020).', 'Mudenda Muunda, Justus Brian Musubire, Gloria Nassali, Esdras Shumbusho, Veronica Atim, Patrick Ssematimba, Pheonah Kebirungi, Evans Atwijukire, Hedmon Okella (2020), Combined Effects of Carica papaya Seeds with Albendazole on Adult Pheritima posthuma.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 6, 9, 3),
(67, 'Plants extract concoction from Capsicum annuum, Citrus sinensiss, Tagetes minuta and Allium sativum: A potent killer of bedbugs', 'Michael Kisongochi Walukhu, Robert Wanjala Nyukuri', '2020', 'Journals', '', '32-Article Text-121-1-10-20200513.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: Cimex lectularius Linnaeus and Cimex hemipterus L. (Bedbugs) are hematophagous ectoparasites which are a nuisance and public health menace. In recent past, bed bug infestation has been on the rise which is attributed to the emergence of resistance to commercial insecticides, particularly pyrethroids. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the insecticidal properties of aqueous extracts of different plants on bed bugs.\r\nMethods: Aqueous extracts separately obtained from four different plant materials; ripe fruits of Capsicum annuum L. (hot pepper), fruit peelings of Citrus x sinensis L. (citrus: orange), leaves of Tagetes minuta L. (Mexican marigold) and bulbs of Allium sativum L. (garlic) were studied against bedbugs in a controlled laboratory setting and their effect based on chemotaxis and mortality observed. The extracts were further tested in a field trial in seven villages randomly selected from Idakho central ward, Ikolomani constituency, Kakamega County, Kenya. The villages were assigned arbitrary identity as V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 and V7. Twenty households confirmed to be infested with the bedbugs were selected randomly from each sample village. Each village received specific treatment; V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5 were treated with 5ml of 10mg/ml of extracts from Capsicum annuum, fruit peelings of Citrus x sinensis, leaves of Tagetes minuta, bulbs of Allium sativum and a concoction of the four extracts at the ratio of 1:1:1:1 respectively. Village V6 was treated with commercial potent synthetic insecticide (Bedlum® 200SL, Jiansu Lanfeng biochemical, China with acetamiprid as active compound) as a positive control and village V7 was treated with distilled water as a negative control.\r\nResults: The laboratory findings showed that the bed bugs had negative chemotaxis to T. minuta and A. sativum and also showed some direct mortality. Capsicum annuum and C. sinensis had a direct killing effect on the bedbugs. The combination of extracts from the four plants showed 100% mortality within the shortest time of 10 seconds as compared to individual plant extracts. The findings from field trials showed higher perception of bedbug management of 90% for a concoction of the four extract as compared to individual plant extracts: 55%, 70%, 40% and 45% for C. annuum C. sinensis T. minuta and A. sativum respectively. Both laboratory and field trial findings showed that a concoction of the four named plants is a potent insecticide and can be used in bedbug management. There is however need to carry out more research to ascertain other active compounds in the extracts and their mode of action.\r\nKey words: Potent, Cimex lectularius, Cimex hemipterus, Capsicum annuum, Citrus x sinensis, Tagetes Minuta, Allium sativum Bedbug management, Concoction, mortality, Chemotaxis', 'Michael Kisongochi Walukhu, Robert Wanjala Nyukuri (2020), Plants extract concoction from Capsicum annuum, Citrus sinensiss, Tagetes minuta and Allium sativum: A potent killer of bedbugs.', 'Michael Kisongochi Walukhu, Robert Wanjala Nyukuri, Plants extract concoction from Capsicum annuum, Citrus sinensiss, Tagetes minuta and Allium sativum: A potent killer of bedbugs(2020).', 'Michael Kisongochi Walukhu, Robert Wanjala Nyukuri (2020), Plants extract concoction from Capsicum annuum, Citrus sinensiss, Tagetes minuta and Allium sativum: A potent killer of bedbugs.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 28, 3),
(68, 'Antibacterial Spectrum and Susceptibility of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Diarrheal Illnesses: Cross Sectional Study of Patients Visiting Health Facility in Lake Victoria Region - Kenya', 'Makwaga Olipher, Muyodi Johnstone, Muthami Anne, Malela Joseph, Mokaya Tom, Matilu Mwau', '2020', 'Journals', '', '33-Article Text-123-1-10-20200513.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Diarrheal illness has been studied extensively among children under five years, however little information is known among population over five years. This study determined the spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens causing diarrhea in above five-year-old patients in a health facility along Lake Victoria region. In a cross-sectional study, 400 patients aged five years and above with diarrhea visiting Port Victoria health facility along Lake Victoria region were recruited in this study from 2013 to 2016. Stool samples were collected and cultured following standard microbiological procedures. Bacterial agents were isolated, identified and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test. A total of 317 organisms (283 bacteria, 31 parasites and 3 others) were identified from 303 (76%) patients. Most frequently isolated pathogens being Non O1 Vibrio cholera 98(30.9%), Salmonella species 97(30.6%), Shigella species 47(14.8.0%) and Aeromonas species 38(12.0%). Non O1 Vibrio cholerae isolates were less sensitive to tetracycline, ampicillin and nalidixic acid. Salmonella species were less sensitive to ampicillin but sensitive to nalidixic acid. Shigella species isolates were more sensitive to chloramphenicol, cipplofloxin and nalidixic acid. Similar trend was observed for Aeromonas species isolates. The susceptibilities expressed were fairly good. However, some of the resistances shown pose a threat to public health, especially in unexposed populations. With the observed trends in this study, bacterial species have responded differently to antibiotics. It may be beneficial for clinicians to consider antibiotic susceptibility testing prior to management of patients to slow down resistance development.\r\nKey words: Diarrheal illness, Bacterial pathogens, Antibiotic susceptibility, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella', 'Makwaga Olipher, Muyodi Johnstone, Muthami Anne, Malela Joseph, Mokaya Tom, Matilu Mwau (2020), Antibacterial Spectrum and Susceptibility of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Diarrheal Illnesses: Cross Sectional Study of Patients Visiting Health Facility in Lake Victoria Region - Kenya.', 'Makwaga Olipher, Muyodi Johnstone, Muthami Anne, Malela Joseph, Mokaya Tom, Matilu Mwau, Antibacterial Spectrum and Susceptibility of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Diarrheal Illnesses: Cross Sectional Study of Patients Visiting Health Facility in Lake Victoria Region - Kenya(2020).', 'Makwaga Olipher, Muyodi Johnstone, Muthami Anne, Malela Joseph, Mokaya Tom, Matilu Mwau (2020), Antibacterial Spectrum and Susceptibility of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Diarrheal Illnesses: Cross Sectional Study of Patients Visiting Health Facility in Lake Victoria Region - Kenya.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 21, 3),
(70, 'No Longer at Ease', 'Chinua Achebe', '1960', 'Books', '', 'Achebe, Chinua - No Longer at Ease.doc', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Chinua Achebe (1960), No Longer at Ease.', 'Chinua Achebe, No Longer at Ease(1960).', 'Chinua Achebe (1960), No Longer at Ease.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 38, 3),
(71, 'Algo alrededor de tu cuello', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie', '2009', 'Books', '', 'Algo alrededor de tu cuello ( PDFDrive ).pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie (2009), Algo alrededor de tu cuello.', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie, Algo alrededor de tu cuello(2009).', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie (2009), Algo alrededor de tu cuello.', 'Capture.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 52, 3),
(72, 'Arrow of God', 'Chinua Achebe', '2010', 'Books', '', 'Arrow of God ( PDFDrive ).pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Chinua Achebe (2010), Arrow of God.', 'Chinua Achebe, Arrow of God(2010).', 'Chinua Achebe (2010), Arrow of God.', 'Captur.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 48, 3),
(73, 'Born a Crime', ' Trevor Noah', '2016', 'Books', '', 'Born a Crime_ Stories from a South African Childhood ( PDFDrive.com ).pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', ' Trevor Noah (2016), Born a Crime.', ' Trevor Noah, Born a Crime(2016).', ' Trevor Noah (2016), Born a Crime.', 'Captu.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 58, 3),
(74, 'Man of the People', 'Chinua Achebe', '1966', 'Books', '', 'chinua-achebe-a-man-of-the-people.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Chinua Achebe (1966), Man of the People.', 'Chinua Achebe, Man of the People(1966).', 'Chinua Achebe (1966), Man of the People.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 54, 3),
(75, '“A Monument to a Tyrant,” or Reconstructed Nationalist Memories of the Father and Founder of the Malawi Nation, Dr. H. K. Banda', 'Reuben Makayiko Chirambo', '', 'Journals', '', 'Chirambo-A Monument to a Tyrant.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Reuben Makayiko Chirambo (), “A Monument to a Tyrant,” or Reconstructed Nationalist Memories of the Father and Founder of the Malawi Nation, Dr. H. K. Banda.', 'Reuben Makayiko Chirambo, “A Monument to a Tyrant,” or Reconstructed Nationalist Memories of the Father and Founder of the Malawi Nation, Dr. H. K. Banda().', 'Reuben Makayiko Chirambo (), “A Monument to a Tyrant,” or Reconstructed Nationalist Memories of the Father and Founder of the Malawi Nation, Dr. H. K. Banda.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 6, 23, 3),
(76, 'Declining malaria in Africa: improving the measurement of progress', 'Peter W Gething, Katherine E Battle, Samir Bhatt, David L Smith, Thomas P Eisele, Richard E Cibulskis and Simon I Hay', '2014', 'Journals', '', 'declining malaria in africa.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The dramatic escalation of malaria control activities in Africa since the year 2000 has increased the importance\r\nof accurate measurements of impact on malaria epidemiology and burden. This study presents a systematic\r\nreview of the emerging published evidence base on trends in malaria risk in Africa and argues that more\r\nsystematic, timely, and empirically-based approaches are urgently needed to track the rapidly evolving landscape\r\nof transmission.', 'Peter W Gething, Katherine E Battle, Samir Bhatt, David L Smith, Thomas P Eisele, Richard E Cibulskis and Simon I Hay (2014), Declining malaria in Africa: improving the measurement of progress.', 'Peter W Gething, Katherine E Battle, Samir Bhatt, David L Smith, Thomas P Eisele, Richard E Cibulskis and Simon I Hay, Declining malaria in Africa: improving the measurement of progress(2014).', 'Peter W Gething, Katherine E Battle, Samir Bhatt, David L Smith, Thomas P Eisele, Richard E Cibulskis and Simon I Hay (2014), Declining malaria in Africa: improving the measurement of progress.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(78, 'Decolonizing the Mind', 'Ngugi wa Thiong’o', '1981', 'Books', '', 'decolonising-the-mind.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Ngugi wa Thiong’o (1981), Decolonizing the Mind.', 'Ngugi wa Thiong’o, Decolonizing the Mind(1981).', 'Ngugi wa Thiong’o (1981), Decolonizing the Mind.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 17, 121, 3),
(79, 'Diagnosis and Outcome of Tuberculosis of Knee Joint (Gonitis Tuberculosis) with Pulmonary Tuberculosis after Completing Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy: A Case Report', 'Anita Nur Charisma, Winariani Koesoemoprodjo', '2021', 'Journals', '', 'Diagnosis_and_Outcome_of_Tuberculosis_of_Knee_Join.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: Tuberculosis (TB) in extra-pulmonary organs, such as bone and joint TB, has an incidence rate of 19% of the cases and represents 11-15% of all extra-pulmonary TB. The predilection of bones and joints is the most common predilection with more than 10% of the cases. Gonitis TB is a monoarthritis, chronic progressive, and intermittent disease. Hematogenous spreads through synovial or subchondral or as a focus in the juxta-articular bone. The spread can also occur indirectly from osseous lesions of the epiphyseal bone in adults or metaphysis in children, which causes erosion in the joint space and becomes arthritis.\r\nCase: A 19-year-old female with a chief complaint of swelling in the right knee joint accompanied by pain and difficulty in the legs to move and straighten the body. Another complaint was cough with whitish sputum, fever and night sweating, decreased appetite, and loss of body weight. Radiological chest X-ray showed fibro-infiltrates in both hemithoraces and radiological of the right genu, impression like joint effusion and mass density opacity in the popliteal, and suspicious abscess in the soft tissue. GeneXpert MTB/RIF examination of genu tissue and sputum: medium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.Tb) was detected, rifampicin sensitive. Histopathology from the open biopsy showed the tissue consisted of epitheloid-shaped histiocyte cells forming granulomas. Ziehl Neelsen staining of the tissue obtained acid-fast bacillus (AFB).\r\nConclussion: Gonitis TB is a hematogenous spread of M.Tb from infection with a deep primary focus on the joint that is chronic progressive and generally affects one joint. The management can be done by administering anti-tuberculosis and clinical monitoring.', 'Anita Nur Charisma, Winariani Koesoemoprodjo (2021), Diagnosis and Outcome of Tuberculosis of Knee Joint (Gonitis Tuberculosis) with Pulmonary Tuberculosis after Completing Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy: A Case Report.', 'Anita Nur Charisma, Winariani Koesoemoprodjo, Diagnosis and Outcome of Tuberculosis of Knee Joint (Gonitis Tuberculosis) with Pulmonary Tuberculosis after Completing Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy: A Case Report(2021).', 'Anita Nur Charisma, Winariani Koesoemoprodjo (2021), Diagnosis and Outcome of Tuberculosis of Knee Joint (Gonitis Tuberculosis) with Pulmonary Tuberculosis after Completing Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy: A Case Report.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(80, 'Fictional World of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: A Thematic Study of Selected Works', 'Kirti Jha', '2016', 'Dissertations', '', 'Fictional World of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie_ A Thematic Study of Selected Works Kirti Jha Dr ... ( P', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Kirti Jha (2016), Fictional World of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: A Thematic Study of Selected Works.', 'Kirti Jha, Fictional World of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: A Thematic Study of Selected Works(2016).', 'Kirti Jha (2016), Fictional World of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: A Thematic Study of Selected Works.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 26, 3),
(81, 'GENDER VIOLENCE IN CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE’S PURPLE HIBISCUS AND HALF OF A YELLOW SUN', 'FASHAKIN, FOLASHADE YEMISI', '2015', 'Dissertations', '', 'GENDER VIOLENCE IN CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE\'S.pdf ( PDFDrive ).pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Gender-based violence is not a new problem in the Nigerian society or other societies of the world. Violence against an individual on the basis of his /her gender is common place and is becoming endemic. Various studies have been carried out on what fosters gender violence and what makes it thrive with a view to putting an end to the problem. This has opened up various arguments as to how the problem can best be tackled. This study looks at the analyses of gender violence in the Nigerian novel and how Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie presents this problem in her novels; Purple Hibiscus (2003) and Half of a Yellow Sun (2006).This research interrogates how Adichie presents gender violence in these novels and how it affects the female gender. This study demonstrates that the texts selected by its thematic preoccupation and character delineation show culture and tradition as strong factors in sex differentiation, creation of gender identities and power sharing. It also shows that socially constructed roles and identities contribute to domestic and social violence in patriarchal societies. The study examines the themes, metaphors and symbolic representation of characters through the feminist perspective and Max Weber‘s power theory. This is because the analyses of gender relations must take into cognizance theories of a person‘s biological sex and gender identity and how it affects power sharing and the role of tradition, laws and the dominant ideology in the perpetuation of gender-based violence. Adichie‘s writings portray a strong call against gender violence and the treatment of women as commodities.', 'FASHAKIN, FOLASHADE YEMISI (2015), GENDER VIOLENCE IN CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE’S PURPLE HIBISCUS AND HALF OF A YELLOW SUN.', 'FASHAKIN, FOLASHADE YEMISI, GENDER VIOLENCE IN CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE’S PURPLE HIBISCUS AND HALF OF A YELLOW SUN(2015).', 'FASHAKIN, FOLASHADE YEMISI (2015), GENDER VIOLENCE IN CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE’S PURPLE HIBISCUS AND HALF OF A YELLOW SUN.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 32, 3),
(82, 'Global funding trends for malaria research in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic analysis', 'Michael G Head, Sian Goss, Yann Gelister, Victor Alegana, Rebecca J Brown, Stuart C Clarke, Joseph R A Fitchett, Rifat Atun, J Anthony G Scott, Marie-Louise Newell, Sabu S Padmadas, Andrew J Tatem', '2017', 'Journals', '', 'Global-funding-trends-for-malaria-research-in-sub-Sahar_2017_The-Lancet-Glob.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background Total domestic and international funding for malaria is inadequate to achieve WHO global targets in burden\r\nreduction by 2030. We describe the trends of investments in malaria-related research in sub-Saharan Africa and compare\r\ninvestment with national disease burden to identify areas of funding strength and potentially neglected populations. We\r\nalso considered funding for malaria control.\r\nMethods Research funding data related to malaria for 1997–2013 were sourced from existing datasets, from 13 major\r\npublic and philanthropic global health funders, and from funding databases. Investments (reported in US$) were\r\nconsidered by geographical area and compared with data on parasite prevalence and populations at risk in sub-\r\nSaharan Africa. 45 sub-Saharan African countries were ranked by amount of research funding received.\r\nFindings We found 333 research awards totalling US$814·4 million. Public health research covered $308·1 million\r\n(37·8%) and clinical trials covered $275·2 million (33·8%). Tanzania ($107·8 million [13·2%]), Uganda ($97·9 million\r\n[12·0%]), and Kenya ($92·9 million [11·4%]) received the highest sum of research investment and the most research\r\nawards. Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda remained highly ranked after adjusting for national gross domestic product.\r\nCountries with a reasonably high malaria burden that received little research investment or funding for malaria\r\ncontrol included Central African Republic (ranked 40th) and Sierra Leone (ranked 35th). Congo (Brazzaville) and\r\nGuinea had reasonably high malaria mortality, yet Congo (Brazzaville) ranked 38th and Guinea ranked 25th, thus\r\nreceiving little investment.\r\nInterpretation Some countries receive reasonably large investments in malaria-related research (Tanzania, Kenya,\r\nUganda), whereas others receive little or no investments (Sierra Leone, Central African Republic). Research\r\ninvestments are typically highest in countries where funding for malaria control is also high. Investment strategies\r\nshould consider more equitable research and operational investments across countries to include currently neglected\r\nand susceptible populations.\r\nFunding Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.', 'Michael G Head, Sian Goss, Yann Gelister, Victor Alegana, Rebecca J Brown, Stuart C Clarke, Joseph R A Fitchett, Rifat Atun, J Anthony G Scott, Marie-Louise Newell, Sabu S Padmadas, Andrew J Tatem (2017), Global funding trends for malaria research in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic analysis.', 'Michael G Head, Sian Goss, Yann Gelister, Victor Alegana, Rebecca J Brown, Stuart C Clarke, Joseph R A Fitchett, Rifat Atun, J Anthony G Scott, Marie-Louise Newell, Sabu S Padmadas, Andrew J Tatem, Global funding trends for malaria research in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic analysis(2017).', 'Michael G Head, Sian Goss, Yann Gelister, Victor Alegana, Rebecca J Brown, Stuart C Clarke, Joseph R A Fitchett, Rifat Atun, J Anthony G Scott, Marie-Louise Newell, Sabu S Padmadas, Andrew J Tatem (2017), Global funding trends for malaria research in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic analysis.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(83, 'Half of a Yellow Sun', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie', '2006', 'Books', '', 'Half_of_a_Yellow_Sun_-_Chimamanda_Ngozi_Adichie.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie (2006), Half of a Yellow Sun.', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie, Half of a Yellow Sun(2006).', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie (2006), Half of a Yellow Sun.', 'Capt.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 18, 56, 3),
(84, 'A   threshold   concentration   of   anti-merozoite   antibodies   is   required   for protection   from   clinical   episodes   of   malaria', 'Linda M. Murungi, Gathoni Kamuyu, Brett Lowe, Philip Bejon, Michael Theisen, Samson M. Kinyanjui, Kevin Marsh, Faith H.A. Osier', '4   January   2013', 'Published Journals', '', 'A-threshold-concentration-of-anti-merozoite-antibodies-is-required_2013_Vacc.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Antibodies\r\n \r\nto\r\n \r\nselected\r\n \r\nPlasmodium\r\n \r\nfalciparum\r\n \r\nmerozoite\r\n \r\nantigens\r\n \r\nare\r\n \r\noften\r\n \r\nreported\r\n \r\nto\r\n \r\nbe\r\n \r\nassociated\r\n \r\nwith\r\nprotection\r\n \r\nfrom\r\n \r\nmalaria\r\n \r\nin\r\n \r\none\r\n \r\nepidemiological\r\n \r\ncohort,\r\n \r\nbut\r\n \r\nnot\r\n \r\nin\r\n \r\nanother.\r\n \r\nHere,\r\n \r\nwe\r\n \r\nsought\r\n \r\nto\r\n \r\nunderstand\r\nthis\r\n \r\nparadox\r\n \r\nby\r\n \r\nexploring\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\nhypothesis\r\n \r\nthat\r\n \r\na\r\n \r\nthreshold\r\n \r\nconcentration\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nantibodies\r\n \r\nis\r\n \r\nnecessary\r\n \r\nfor\r\nprotection.\r\n \r\nWe\r\n \r\nanalyzed\r\n \r\ndata\r\n \r\nfrom\r\n \r\ntwo\r\n \r\nindependent\r\n \r\ncohorts\r\n \r\nalong\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\nKenyan\r\n \r\ncoast,\r\n \r\none\r\n \r\nin\r\n \r\nwhich\r\n \r\nanti-\r\nbodies\r\n \r\nto\r\n \r\nAMA1,\r\n \r\nMSP-2\r\n \r\nand\r\n \r\nMSP-3\r\n \r\nwere\r\n \r\nassociated\r\n \r\nwith\r\n \r\nprotection\r\n \r\nfrom\r\n \r\nmalaria\r\n \r\n(Chonyi)\r\n \r\nand\r\n \r\nanother\r\nin\r\n \r\nwhich\r\n \r\nthis\r\n \r\nassociation\r\n \r\nwas\r\n \r\nnot\r\n \r\nobserved\r\n \r\n(Junju).\r\n \r\nWe\r\n \r\nused\r\n \r\na\r\n \r\nmalaria\r\n \r\nreference\r\n \r\nreagent\r\n \r\nto\r\n \r\nstandard-\r\nize\r\n \r\nantibody\r\n \r\nmeasurements\r\n \r\nacross\r\n \r\nboth\r\n \r\ncohorts,\r\n \r\nand\r\n \r\napplied\r\n \r\nstatistical\r\n \r\nmethods\r\n \r\nto\r\n \r\nderive\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\nthreshold\r\nconcentration\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nantibodies\r\n \r\nagainst\r\n \r\neach\r\n \r\nantigen\r\n \r\nthat\r\n \r\nbest\r\n \r\ncorrelated\r\n \r\nwith\r\n \r\na\r\n \r\nreduced\r\n \r\nrisk\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nmalaria\r\n \r\n(the\r\nprotective\r\n \r\nthreshold),\r\n \r\nin\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\nChonyi\r\n \r\ncohort.\r\n \r\nWe\r\n \r\nthen\r\n \r\ntested\r\n \r\nwhether\r\n \r\nantibodies\r\n \r\nin\r\n \r\nJunju\r\n \r\nreached\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\npro-\r\ntective\r\n \r\nthreshold\r\n \r\nconcentrations\r\n \r\nobserved\r\n \r\nin\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\nChonyi\r\n \r\ncohort.\r\n \r\nExcept\r\n \r\nfor\r\n \r\nchildren\r\n \r\nunder\r\n \r\n3\r\n \r\nyears,\r\n \r\nthe\r\nage-matched\r\n \r\nproportions\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nchildren\r\n \r\nachieving\r\n \r\nprotective\r\n \r\nthreshold\r\n \r\nconcentrations\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nantibodies\r\n \r\nagainst\r\nAMA1\r\n \r\nand\r\n \r\nMSP-2\r\n \r\nwere\r\n \r\nsigniﬁcantly\r\n \r\nlower\r\n \r\nin\r\n \r\nJunju\r\n \r\ncompared\r\n \r\nto\r\n \r\nChonyi\r\n \r\n(Fishers\r\n \r\nexact\r\n \r\ntest,\r\n \r\nP\r\n \r\n<\r\n \r\n0.01).\r\n \r\nFor\r\nMSP-3,\r\n \r\nthis\r\n \r\ndifference\r\n \r\nwas\r\n \r\nsigniﬁcant\r\n \r\nonly\r\n \r\namong\r\n \r\n4–5\r\n \r\nyear\r\n \r\nolds.\r\n \r\nWe\r\n \r\nconclude\r\n \r\nthat\r\n \r\nalthough\r\n \r\nantibodies\r\nare\r\n \r\ncommonly\r\n \r\ndetected\r\n \r\nin\r\n \r\nmalaria\r\n \r\nendemic\r\n \r\npopulations,\r\n \r\nthey\r\n \r\nmay\r\n \r\nbe\r\n \r\npresent\r\n \r\nin\r\n \r\nconcentrations\r\n \r\nthat\r\n \r\nare\r\ninsufﬁcient\r\n \r\nfor\r\n \r\nprotection.\r\n \r\nOur\r\n \r\nresults\r\n \r\nhave\r\n \r\nimplications\r\n \r\nfor\r\n \r\nthe\r\n \r\nanalysis\r\n \r\nand\r\n \r\ninterpretation\r\n \r\nof\r\n \r\nsimilar\r\ndata\r\n \r\nfrom\r\n \r\nimmuno-epidemiological\r\n \r\nstudies.', 'Linda M. Murungi, Gathoni Kamuyu, Brett Lowe, Philip Bejon, Michael Theisen, Samson M. Kinyanjui, Kevin Marsh, Faith H.A. Osier (4   January   2013), A   threshold   concentration   of   anti-merozoite   antibodies   is   required   for protection   from   clinical   episodes   of   malaria.', 'Linda M. Murungi, Gathoni Kamuyu, Brett Lowe, Philip Bejon, Michael Theisen, Samson M. Kinyanjui, Kevin Marsh, Faith H.A. Osier, A   threshold   concentration   of   anti-merozoite   antibodies   is   required   for protection   from   clinical   episodes   of   malaria(4   January   2013).', 'Linda M. Murungi, Gathoni Kamuyu, Brett Lowe, Philip Bejon, Michael Theisen, Samson M. Kinyanjui, Kevin Marsh, Faith H.A. Osier (4   January   2013), A   threshold   concentration   of   anti-merozoite   antibodies   is   required   for protection   from   clinical   episodes   of   malaria.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 6, 20, 3),
(85, 'Half of a Yellow Sun', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie', '2006', 'Books', '', 'Half_of_a_Yellow_Sun_-_Chimamanda_Ngozi_Adichie.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie (2006), Half of a Yellow Sun.', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie, Half of a Yellow Sun(2006).', 'Chimamanda Ngozi A dichie (2006), Half of a Yellow Sun.', 'Capt.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 20, 62, 3),
(86, 'Programing in c', 'Precious Chalenga', '2021', '', '', 'ASIO4ALL v2 Instruction Manual.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'sdcvfsvsd', 'Precious Chalenga (2021), Programing in c.', 'Precious Chalenga, Programing in c(2021).', '', 'Sangie - Karma.jfif', ' Mzuzu University', 11, 50, 3),
(87, 'CORRUPTION AND FRAUD PREVENTION POLICY FOR THE ANTI-CORRUPTION BUREAU', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB)', '2013', 'Government Reports', '', 'ACB_Corruption_and_Fraud_Policy.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2013), CORRUPTION AND FRAUD PREVENTION POLICY FOR THE ANTI-CORRUPTION BUREAU.', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB), CORRUPTION AND FRAUD PREVENTION POLICY FOR THE ANTI-CORRUPTION BUREAU(2013).', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2013), CORRUPTION AND FRAUD PREVENTION POLICY FOR THE ANTI-CORRUPTION BUREAU.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 2, 17, 3),
(88, 'We can do it together', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB)', '2018', 'News', '', 'ACB_Newsletter_2018.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2018), We can do it together.', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB), We can do it together(2018).', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2018), We can do it together.', 'c1.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(89, 'Malawi Hosts 7th Annual General Meeting Of Heads of Anti-Corruption Agencies in Commonwealth Africa', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB)', '2017', 'News', '', 'ACB-2017-Newsletter.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2017), Malawi Hosts 7th Annual General Meeting Of Heads of Anti-Corruption Agencies in Commonwealth Africa.', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB), Malawi Hosts 7th Annual General Meeting Of Heads of Anti-Corruption Agencies in Commonwealth Africa(2017).', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2017), Malawi Hosts 7th Annual General Meeting Of Heads of Anti-Corruption Agencies in Commonwealth Africa.', 'c2.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3);
INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(90, 'Memorandum of understanding on the implementation of corruption prevention program district councils ', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB)', '2019', 'Government Reports', '', 'ACB-MLG-MOU.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2019), Memorandum of understanding on the implementation of corruption prevention program district councils .', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB), Memorandum of understanding on the implementation of corruption prevention program district councils (2019).', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2019), Memorandum of understanding on the implementation of corruption prevention program district councils .', 'c3.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 4, 4, 3),
(92, 'ACB INTERNAL BULLETIN', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB)', '2019', 'Public Reports', '', 'August-2019-ACB-Monthly-Bulletin.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2019), ACB INTERNAL BULLETIN.', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB), ACB INTERNAL BULLETIN(2019).', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2019), ACB INTERNAL BULLETIN.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(94, 'Corrupt_Practices_Act-No-17_of_2004', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB)', '2004', 'Judicially Literature', '', 'Corrupt_Practices_Act-No-17_of_2004.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2004), Corrupt_Practices_Act-No-17_of_2004.', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB), Corrupt_Practices_Act-No-17_of_2004(2004).', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2004), Corrupt_Practices_Act-No-17_of_2004.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 25, 3),
(95, 'Strategic Plan - Enhancing public trust and participation in the fight against corruption', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB)', '2019', 'Public Reports', '', 'FINAL-ACB-SP-1-2-DEC-2019-for-printing.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2019), Strategic Plan - Enhancing public trust and participation in the fight against corruption.', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB), Strategic Plan - Enhancing public trust and participation in the fight against corruption(2019).', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2019), Strategic Plan - Enhancing public trust and participation in the fight against corruption.', '1c.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(96, 'Strategic Plan - Enhancing public trust and participation in the fight against corruption', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB)', '2019', 'Public Reports', '', 'FINAL-ACB-SP-1-2-DEC-2019-for-printing.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2019), Strategic Plan - Enhancing public trust and participation in the fight against corruption.', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB), Strategic Plan - Enhancing public trust and participation in the fight against corruption(2019).', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2019), Strategic Plan - Enhancing public trust and participation in the fight against corruption.', '1c.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(97, 'ACB INTERNAL BULLETIN', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB)', 'July, 2019', 'Public Reports', '', 'July-2019-ACB-Monthly-Bulletin.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (July, 2019), ACB INTERNAL BULLETIN.', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB), ACB INTERNAL BULLETIN(July, 2019).', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (July, 2019), ACB INTERNAL BULLETIN.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(98, 'National Ant-Corruption Strategy ll', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB)', '2018', 'Public Reports', '', 'NACS-II-1.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2018), National Ant-Corruption Strategy ll.', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB), National Ant-Corruption Strategy ll(2018).', 'ANT_CORRUPTION BUREAU, MALAWI (ACB) (2018), National Ant-Corruption Strategy ll.', '2c.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(100, 'ACHIEVING MDGS 4 & 5:  MALAWI’S PROGRESS  ON MATERNAL AND  CHILD HEALTH  ', 'Rafael Cortez, Intissar Sarker, Seemeen Saadat, and  John Paul Clark    ', 'August 2014', 'Corporate Reports', '', '925480BRI0Box30August0201400PUBLIC0.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'KEY MESSAGES: \r\n  Malawi  has  made  impressive  gains  in  maternal  and  child  health,  more  than  halving  maternal  and  child  mortality \r\nbetween 1990 and 2013.  \r\n  Key  interventions  include  community  based  service  delivery;  free  primary  care  services  at  public  facilities;  and \r\naddressing malaria and HIV/AIDS. Improvements in the overall health system have also been greatly beneficial to \r\nMalawi. \r\n  Partnership with the Christian Health Association of Malawi (CHAM) has  helped to reduce coverage gaps in rural \r\nareas and to increase utilization of maternal and child health services.  \r\n  Moving  forward,  Malawi  needs  to  focus  on  reducing  drug  and  staff  shortages,  improving  quality  of  services, \r\naddressing adolescent reproductive health, and unsafe abortions.  ', 'Rafael Cortez, Intissar Sarker, Seemeen Saadat, and  John Paul Clark     (August 2014), ACHIEVING MDGS 4 & 5:  MALAWI’S PROGRESS  ON MATERNAL AND  CHILD HEALTH  .', 'Rafael Cortez, Intissar Sarker, Seemeen Saadat, and  John Paul Clark    , ACHIEVING MDGS 4 & 5:  MALAWI’S PROGRESS  ON MATERNAL AND  CHILD HEALTH  (August 2014).', 'Rafael Cortez, Intissar Sarker, Seemeen Saadat, and  John Paul Clark     (August 2014), ACHIEVING MDGS 4 & 5:  MALAWI’S PROGRESS  ON MATERNAL AND  CHILD HEALTH  .', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 24, 3),
(103, 'Public-private-partnership and social protection in developing countries: the case of the health sector', 'Johannes Jütting', '1999', 'Public Reports', '', '0deec51aab5209f135000000.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper analyses the prospects of a PPP in the health sector of developing countries. PPP is\r\ndefined as institutional relationships between the state and the private for-profit and/or the\r\nprivate not for-profit sector, where the different public and private actors jointly participate in\r\ndefining the objectives, the methods and the implementation of an agreement of cooperation.\r\nWhereas the idea of a PPP in general and in the health sector specifically is theoretically\r\nappealing, the review of case studies has shown that the implementation is still not very\r\ncommon in developing countries. The selected case studies on public-private-partnerships in\r\nthe health sector, however, indicate the potential positive effects. Through increasing\r\ncompetition, delegation of power to the local level, the active participation of the concerned\r\npopulation and synergetical effects positive impacts on the efficiency, equity and quality of\r\nhealth care provision can be observed. Former excluded people have now gained the chance\r\nto set up their own systems according to their specific needs and with public support. The\r\nconditions which have been identified on an macro level working in favor of the set up of a\r\nPPP are a political environment supporting the involvement of the private sector, an economic\r\nand financial crisis leading to a pressure for the public sector to think of new ways of service\r\nprovision and a legal framework which guarantees a transparent and credible relationship\r\nbetween the different actors. On the micro level the capacities of the actors, e.g. their personal\r\ninterest, skills and organizational and management structure are important.', 'Johannes Jütting (1999), Public-private-partnership and social protection in developing countries: the case of the health sector.', 'Johannes Jütting, Public-private-partnership and social protection in developing countries: the case of the health sector(1999).', 'Johannes Jütting (1999), Public-private-partnership and social protection in developing countries: the case of the health sector.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(104, 'Targeting effectiveness of social cash transfer programmes in three African countries', 'Sudhanshu Handa, Carolyn Huang, Nicola Hypher, Clarissa Texeira, Fabio Veras, Benjamin Davis', 'September 2020', 'Published Journals', '', '0deec52d5bbe31da14000000.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Social transfers are increasingly being seen as a key tool in East and Southern Africa for\r\ncombating the triple threat of chronic poverty, hunger and HIV/AIDS. In the advent of the\r\nglobal financial, food and fuel crises there are increasing calls for the scale up of such\r\nprograms to protect the poor and promote the human capital of children. As programs\r\nexpand, a number of design and implementation issues have begun to dominate the policy\r\ndebate, and one topic in particular is targeting, which has emerged as a contentious issue in\r\nprogram design in the region. A variety of approaches are used in the region , ranging from\r\nuniversal old age pensions, to means]tested child support grants, to a variety of community\r\nbased poverty and OVC targeted programs. To help better understand some of the different\r\ntargeting approaches in the region and their effectiveness, this paper examines three cash\r\ntransfer programs in Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique. All three countries employ\r\ncommunity based targeting mechanisms; each, however, targets different kinds of\r\nhouseholds and employs different methodologies. This study combines descriptive\r\nanalysis of the targeting process with quantitative analysis comparing the characteristics of\r\nbeneficiary households taken from program baseline evaluation surveys with\r\ncharacteristics of poor households based on national household surveys. The study uses\r\nmonetary, asset]based, and multidimensional measures to compare the effectiveness of the\r\nprogramsf targeting when using economic poverty measures vs. multidimensional\r\nmeasures. It then assesses these measures of effectiveness in light of the program\r\nobjectives and desired beneficiary populations, and explores policy implications for the\r\ndifferent targeting approaches.', 'Sudhanshu Handa, Carolyn Huang, Nicola Hypher, Clarissa Texeira, Fabio Veras, Benjamin Davis (September 2020), Targeting effectiveness of social cash transfer programmes in three African countries.', 'Sudhanshu Handa, Carolyn Huang, Nicola Hypher, Clarissa Texeira, Fabio Veras, Benjamin Davis, Targeting effectiveness of social cash transfer programmes in three African countries(September 2020).', 'Sudhanshu Handa, Carolyn Huang, Nicola Hypher, Clarissa Texeira, Fabio Veras, Benjamin Davis (September 2020), Targeting effectiveness of social cash transfer programmes in three African countries.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 6, 18, 3),
(105, 'The Malawi Social Cash Transfer and the impact of $14 per month on child health', 'Candace M. Miller, ScD Maxton Tsoka, MEcon Kathryn Reichert, MPH', '2014', 'Published Journals', '', '02e7e51f18b4244795000000.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Objective: We assessed the impact of the Social Cash Transfer Scheme (SCTS), a\r\nmonthly cash stipend of approximately US$14, on child health and nutrition in some of the poorest households in Malawi. While conditional cash transfer programs in Latin\r\nAmerica have yielded encouraging impacts on child health, there is little evidence on the\r\nimpact of unconditional cash transfers in Africa. \r\nData Sources: This mixed methods study, includes a longitudinal household survey with a panel of intervention and control households and qualitative interviews and focus groups. Quantitative data collection occurred before intervention households received the cash transfer at baseline and one year later, at endline, before comparison households became recipients. Qualitative data collection occurred after intervention households had received the cash for at least six consecutive months.\r\nStudy Selection: Study households were identified in a community targeting process\r\nseparate from the evaluation study. Among clusters of 1,000 households, ten percent of\r\nhouseholds that were ultra poor (in the lowest expenditure quintile) and labor constrained (no able-bodied worker or unfavorable dependency ratio) were targeted to receive the transfer. For the evaluation, we randomly selected the targeted households in four village \r\nDraft in review. Please do not cite without permission from author. 4 clusters as the intervention group and households in another four village clusters as the\r\ncomparison group.\r\nResults: We present evidence that Malawian children benefit from the cash grant, both\r\nnutritionally and through better health with fewer illnesses. The greatest impacts include a 13 percentage point difference in the proportion of underweight 0 to 3-year-olds, a 0.5 centimeter gain in height among 5 to 18-year-olds, and a 10 percentage point reduction in reported illnesses among children aged 0 to 18 years in intervention versus comparison households.\r\nConclusions: In Malawi, the SCTS appears to have positive impacts on child health and\r\ngrowth, suggesting that conditional transfers may not be necessary for children to\r\nexperience important gains in health.\r\nKey words: Cash transfer, social protection, child health, anthropometry, Malawi', 'Candace M. Miller, ScD Maxton Tsoka, MEcon Kathryn Reichert, MPH (2014), The Malawi Social Cash Transfer and the impact of $14 per month on child health.', 'Candace M. Miller, ScD Maxton Tsoka, MEcon Kathryn Reichert, MPH, The Malawi Social Cash Transfer and the impact of $14 per month on child health(2014).', 'Candace M. Miller, ScD Maxton Tsoka, MEcon Kathryn Reichert, MPH (2014), The Malawi Social Cash Transfer and the impact of $14 per month on child health.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 6, 18, 3),
(106, '‘We Are All Poor Here’: Economic Difference, Social Divisiveness, and Targeting Cash Transfers in Sub-Saharan Africa', 'Frank Ellis', '2008', 'Public Reports', '', '10.1.1.495.7495.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Social transfer practitioners are familiar with the social divisiveness that transfers can\r\ninadvertently create. One manifestation of this potential divisiveness is the often expressed opinion voiced in community meetings, or by key informants, that ‘we are all poor here’. This is more often than not articulated by respondents as a plain statement of fact, not as special pleading nor with undertones of victimization. This paper examines the circumstances\r\nof small economic difference giving rise to the sentiment captured by ‘we are all poor here’, utilizing income distribution data from three SSA countries to illustrate important cautionary features that arise for the workable scaling up of cash transfers in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper focuses on differences in per capita consumption in the long tail representing up to 60 per cent of the population that typifies national income distributions in the poorest countries.\r\nThe paper first reprises the efforts made by practitioners to narrow down eligibility to cash transfers to the destitute or ultra-poor, often defined as those unable to attain even the minimum acceptable level of calorie intake from their own efforts. Both proxy indicators and the deployment of a 10 per cent cut off point to determine the scale of cash transfers are discussed. The paper examines inter-decile per capita consumption differences for Malawi,\r\nZambia and Ethiopia as revealed by national budget surveys. These show that as a rule of\r\nthumb US$2 per capita per month separates the poorest decile from the next poorest decile in the income distribution, and US$9-10 per capita per month separates the poorest decile from the sixth decile.', 'Frank Ellis (2008), ‘We Are All Poor Here’: Economic Difference, Social Divisiveness, and Targeting Cash Transfers in Sub-Saharan Africa.', 'Frank Ellis, ‘We Are All Poor Here’: Economic Difference, Social Divisiveness, and Targeting Cash Transfers in Sub-Saharan Africa(2008).', 'Frank Ellis (2008), ‘We Are All Poor Here’: Economic Difference, Social Divisiveness, and Targeting Cash Transfers in Sub-Saharan Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(108, 'BUILDING SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA', 'Stephen Devereux ', '2010', 'Journals', '', '10.1.1.671.2698.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Comprehensive social protection systems comprise several components, including: (1) social assistance, (2) social insurance,\r\n(3) developmental mechanisms that simultaneously “protect” and “promote” livelihoods, and (4) “transformative” measures that promote social inclusion and social justice. While most African countries are implementing a range of social protection projects or programmes, very few (if any) can claim to have fully articulated social protection systems, but South Africa’s is probably the most comprehensive in sub-Saharan Africa. Social grants to vulnerable groups include the Child Support Grant,\r\nthe Disability Grant and the Old Age Grant, which together reach a quarter of all South Africans. The government is planning\r\nto introduce a National Health Insurance scheme. The government also runs the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP),\r\nwhich offers temporary work opportunities as a response to high rates of structural unemployment. Finally, the post-apartheid\r\ngovernment introduced a raft of progressive social policies, including minimum wages and workers’ rights, which promote\r\nsocial justice. Do these mechanisms (plus others) add up to a complete social protection system, or do significant gaps remain\r\n– are there holes in the safety-net? To what extent do South Africa’s neighbours either have the same policies (for instance,\r\nBotswana, Namibia, Lesotho and Swaziland all run national social pension schemes) or the potential to build similar systems\r\n(what are the constraints)? This paper aims to describe and analyse the social protection system in South Africa, identify any\r\nremaining gaps in the system, compare South Africa’s system with projects and programmes in neighbouring countries, and\r\npropose the steps that are required to build comprehensive social protection systems in southern Africa.', 'Stephen Devereux  (2010), BUILDING SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA.', 'Stephen Devereux , BUILDING SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA(2010).', 'Stephen Devereux  (2010), BUILDING SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(109, 'Does progress towards universal health coverage improve population health?', 'Rodrigo Moreno-Serra, Peter C Smith', '2012', 'Journals', '', '10.1.1.863.3428.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Many commentators, including WHO, have advocated progress towards universal health coverage on the grounds\r\nthat it leads to improvements in population health. In this report we review the most robust cross-country empirical\r\nevidence on the links between expansions in coverage and population health outcomes, with a focus on the health effects of extended risk pooling and prepayment as key indicators of progress towards universal coverage across health systems. The evidence suggests that broader health coverage generally leads to better access to necessary care and improved population health, particularly for poor people. However, the available evidence base is limited by data and methodological constraints, and further research is needed to understand better the ways in which the effectiveness of extended health coverage can be maximised, including the effects of factors such as the quality of\r\ninstitutions and governance.', 'Rodrigo Moreno-Serra, Peter C Smith (2012), Does progress towards universal health coverage improve population health?.', 'Rodrigo Moreno-Serra, Peter C Smith, Does progress towards universal health coverage improve population health?(2012).', 'Rodrigo Moreno-Serra, Peter C Smith (2012), Does progress towards universal health coverage improve population health?.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(110, 'Three-Year Impact Results from Malawi’s Social Cash Transfer Programme (SCTP)', 'Gustavo Angeles', '2016', 'Handouts', '', '13-Three-year-impact-results-from-the-Malawi-Social-Cash-Transfer-Programme.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Gustavo Angeles (2016), Three-Year Impact Results from Malawi’s Social Cash Transfer Programme (SCTP).', 'Gustavo Angeles, Three-Year Impact Results from Malawi’s Social Cash Transfer Programme (SCTP)(2016).', 'Gustavo Angeles (2016), Three-Year Impact Results from Malawi’s Social Cash Transfer Programme (SCTP).', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 19, 47, 3),
(111, 'Extending Social Security to Developing Countries Particular Emphasis on Healthcare and Informal Economy Workers', 'Isobel Frye', '2005', 'Journals', '', '00020.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Access to social security is internationally acknowledged as a human right, but in fact is one that is far more honoured in its breach than in its enforcement, and is frequently not readily accessible to the most vulnerable in society. The growth of the informal economy, both in developing and developed countries has exposed the weaknesses and shortcomings inherent in the traditional approach to the provision of social security for those who fall outside of the formal economy. Social security has also traditionally been a vehicle to promote social cohesion and solidarity between different sectors of society, yet it is clear that marginalised workers in the informal economy and the poor in general are often excluded from this solidarity. Through the prism of access to healthcare, this paper seeks to explore some of the reasons for the shortcomings in the current cover of social security, to consider what options exist for extending healthcare provision, and to consider the role that trade unions could play in extending healthcare.', 'Isobel Frye (2005), Extending Social Security to Developing Countries Particular Emphasis on Healthcare and Informal Economy Workers.', 'Isobel Frye, Extending Social Security to Developing Countries Particular Emphasis on Healthcare and Informal Economy Workers(2005).', 'Isobel Frye (2005), Extending Social Security to Developing Countries Particular Emphasis on Healthcare and Informal Economy Workers.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(112, 'Women as offenders – the social and legal circumstances of women who commit crimes: A case study of selected prisons in Malawi', 'Stella Twea', '2004', 'Published Dissertations', '', '30+Women+criminals+Malawi.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This study was conducted in three major prisons in Malawi (Zomba, Maula and Chichiri) between October 2003 and February 2004. It focused on establishing the social and legal circumstances that have shaped the condition and position of the female offender. To do this it was necessary to understand and probe the system of\r\njustice delivery and its accessibility to women who commit crimes. The research revealed that before women are confronted with the law, they try to seek redress to their problems by consulting other informal structures of justice delivery such as marriage counsellors and chiefs. This aspect and the testimonies of women themselves brought to light a number of social impediments that determine the status quo for women offenders and the\r\ntrigger factors in the commission of crime.\r\nThe research has brought to light a number of socio-legal problems that women who have committed crime face apart from the practical problems that they have in prisons. Poverty, gender, socio-cultural beliefs, illiteracy and marriage relationships are pertinent issues in the woman offender’s story. Legally, the study has established that there are many legal bottlenecks at different points of the criminal justice delivery system and these affect women disproportionately more than men. It is thus imperative that a gender differentiated approach\r\nshould be used in processing women when they commit crime. The practical problems arising from keeping women as offenders are influenced by the inherent structural problems that prisons have, the physical\r\nneeds of women stemming from their sex and gender and the failure of the prison system to address the problems in a gender sensitive manner. There are a number of important recommendations that different stakeholders made to improve the way women offenders are maintained in prison and to make justice more effective for women. These recommendations and\r\nthe research recommendations are aimed at ensuring that human rights standards embedded in the Constitution of Malawi and in international human rights instruments are observed.', 'Stella Twea (2004), Women as offenders – the social and legal circumstances of women who commit crimes: A case study of selected prisons in Malawi.', 'Stella Twea, Women as offenders – the social and legal circumstances of women who commit crimes: A case study of selected prisons in Malawi(2004).', 'Stella Twea (2004), Women as offenders – the social and legal circumstances of women who commit crimes: A case study of selected prisons in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 27, 3),
(116, 'Core Concepts of Human Rights and Inclusion of Vulnerable Groups in the Disability and Rehabilitation Policies of Malawi, Namibia, Sudan, and South Africa', 'Hasheem Mannan, Joanne McVeigh, Mutamad Amin, Malcolm MacLachlan, Leslie Swartz, Alister Munthali and Gert Van Rooy', '2012', 'Journals', '', '56ea847c08ae25ede83238c0.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'In recent decades, there has been a push to incorporate the World Health Organization “Health for All” principles in\r\nnational, regional, and local health policy documents. However, there is still no methodology guiding the appraisal of such\r\npolicies with regard to the extent that they address social inclusion. In this article, the authors report on the development\r\nof EquiFrame, a novel policy analysis framework that was used to evaluate the disability and rehabilitation policies of\r\nMalawi, Namibia, Sudan, and South Africa. The policies were assessed in terms of their commitment to 21 predefined core\r\nconcepts of human rights and inclusion of 12 vulnerable groups. Substantial variability was identified in the degree to which\r\nthe core concepts and vulnerable groups were featured in these policy documents. The overall summary rankings for the\r\ndisability policies of the countries studied were as follows: Namibia–High, Malawi–Low, and Sudan–Low. The rehabilitation\r\npolicy of South Africa was ranked as Low. The results support the idea that adequate disability and rehabilitation policies\r\nremain mostly undefined. EquiFrame may offer a useful methodology for evaluating and comparing human rights and social\r\ninclusion across policy documents.\r\nKeywords\r\nhuman rights, vulnerable groups, health policy analysis, equity', 'Hasheem Mannan, Joanne McVeigh, Mutamad Amin, Malcolm MacLachlan, Leslie Swartz, Alister Munthali and Gert Van Rooy (2012), Core Concepts of Human Rights and Inclusion of Vulnerable Groups in the Disability and Rehabilitation Policies of Malawi, Namibia, Sudan, and South Africa.', 'Hasheem Mannan, Joanne McVeigh, Mutamad Amin, Malcolm MacLachlan, Leslie Swartz, Alister Munthali and Gert Van Rooy, Core Concepts of Human Rights and Inclusion of Vulnerable Groups in the Disability and Rehabilitation Policies of Malawi, Namibia, Sudan, and South Africa(2012).', 'Hasheem Mannan, Joanne McVeigh, Mutamad Amin, Malcolm MacLachlan, Leslie Swartz, Alister Munthali and Gert Van Rooy (2012), Core Concepts of Human Rights and Inclusion of Vulnerable Groups in the Disability and Rehabilitation Policies of Malawi, Namibia, Sudan, and South Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(117, 'Ganyu Labour in Malawi: Understanding Rural Households’ Labour Supply Strategies', 'Dimowa, Ralitza; Michaelowa, Katharina; Weber, Anke', '2010', 'Journals', '', '299_michaelowa.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'In Malawi, informal off-farm labour (ganyu) has often been described as a survival\r\nstrategy which eventually drives poor rural households into even further destitution. Based on data from the Second Integrated Household Survey for 2004, we estimate the determinants of the decision to supply labour in the ganyu market and the amount of labour supplied. Our results do not support the conjecture that ganyu is necessarily a low-return strategy that confines subsistence constrained households to a vicious circle of poverty. However, we do find evidence that ganyu is used as an ex-post coping strategy in the event of shocks, and as an ex-ante social insurance mechanism. Moreover, we generally find a positive reaction of ganyu supply to an increase in the ganyu wages, and no evidence of any backward bending segment of the supply curve for households close to the subsistence level. While ganyu does not appear to drive poor households into further destitution, these households do seem to suffer the most when they face demand side constraints in times of greatest needs.', 'Dimowa, Ralitza; Michaelowa, Katharina; Weber, Anke (2010), Ganyu Labour in Malawi: Understanding Rural Households’ Labour Supply Strategies.', 'Dimowa, Ralitza; Michaelowa, Katharina; Weber, Anke, Ganyu Labour in Malawi: Understanding Rural Households’ Labour Supply Strategies(2010).', 'Dimowa, Ralitza; Michaelowa, Katharina; Weber, Anke (2010), Ganyu Labour in Malawi: Understanding Rural Households’ Labour Supply Strategies.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(118, 'Social protection and child protection: two sides of the same coin?', 'Keetie Roelen', '10-11 September', 'Public Reports', '', '597-EN-social-protection-and-child-protection-two-sides-of-the-same-coin.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Keetie Roelen (10-11 September), Social protection and child protection: two sides of the same coin?.', 'Keetie Roelen, Social protection and child protection: two sides of the same coin?(10-11 September).', 'Keetie Roelen (10-11 September), Social protection and child protection: two sides of the same coin?.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(119, 'Self-efficacy in protecting oneself against HIV transmission: A quali-tative study of female university students in Malawi', 'Anne Ryen and Inger Sofie van Pelt', '2015', 'Journals', '', '0619cd6773b3e082bfc0939e12fce157a9ca.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This article deals with the complexity of health behaviour from a self-efficacy perspective, and shows the naivety in assuming knowledge as the main guide to better protection against HIV. The authors accentuate the importance of local knowledge when developing health strategies as in the case of protection against HIV, in this case for female university students in Malawi. Being part of a transition period, these students have to handle complex and at times opposing expectations. This makes HIV protection into a complex social- and health issue. However, the close association between universities and rational thinking has for long made public health see self-efficacy as one of the main determinants in general health behaviour. By seeing health behaviour as complex, this study explores into how female university students perceive their own self-efficacy in protecting themselves against HIV in Malawi with a HIV score of approximately 12%. The study is based on data from Chancellor College in Zomba, Malawi. The authors point to the potential of a closer collaboration between social work and public health in issues of both a social and a health nature, as in the case of HIV protection.\r\nKeywords: Malawi, HIV, self-efficacy, qualitative research, local knowledge', 'Anne Ryen and Inger Sofie van Pelt (2015), Self-efficacy in protecting oneself against HIV transmission: A quali-tative study of female university students in Malawi.', 'Anne Ryen and Inger Sofie van Pelt, Self-efficacy in protecting oneself against HIV transmission: A quali-tative study of female university students in Malawi(2015).', 'Anne Ryen and Inger Sofie van Pelt (2015), Self-efficacy in protecting oneself against HIV transmission: A quali-tative study of female university students in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(120, 'Social Protection Monitoring', 'Solidar', '2016', 'Handouts', '', '2016_spm_final_malawi-Social Protection Monitoring.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Solidar (2016), Social Protection Monitoring.', 'Solidar, Social Protection Monitoring(2016).', 'Solidar (2016), Social Protection Monitoring.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 38, 3),
(121, 'Social Protection Monitoring', 'Solidar', '2016', 'Handouts', '', '2016_spm_final_malawi-Social Protection Monitoring.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Solidar (2016), Social Protection Monitoring.', 'Solidar, Social Protection Monitoring(2016).', 'Solidar (2016), Social Protection Monitoring.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 21, 63, 3),
(122, 'Climate Shock Characterization and Their Effects on Livestock Production in Rural Malawi', 'A.S Oyekale', '2012', 'Journals', '', '3405-3410.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'A.S Oyekale (2012), Climate Shock Characterization and Their Effects on Livestock Production in Rural Malawi.', 'A.S Oyekale, Climate Shock Characterization and Their Effects on Livestock Production in Rural Malawi(2012).', 'A.S Oyekale (2012), Climate Shock Characterization and Their Effects on Livestock Production in Rural Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(124, 'Schooling, Income, and Sexual Behavior: The Design, Implementation, and Short-Term Impacts of a CCT Program for Schooling in Malawi', 'Sarah Baird, Ephraim Chirwa, Craig McIntosh, and Berk Özler', '2009', 'Handouts', '', '4990.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Sarah Baird, Ephraim Chirwa, Craig McIntosh, and Berk Özler (2009), Schooling, Income, and Sexual Behavior: The Design, Implementation, and Short-Term Impacts of a CCT Program for Schooling in Malawi.', 'Sarah Baird, Ephraim Chirwa, Craig McIntosh, and Berk Özler, Schooling, Income, and Sexual Behavior: The Design, Implementation, and Short-Term Impacts of a CCT Program for Schooling in Malawi(2009).', 'Sarah Baird, Ephraim Chirwa, Craig McIntosh, and Berk Özler (2009), Schooling, Income, and Sexual Behavior: The Design, Implementation, and Short-Term Impacts of a CCT Program for Schooling in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 23, 69, 3),
(125, 'Oil Shock Vulnerabilities & Impacts: Case Study of Malawi', 'Blake Robinson', '2013', 'Journals', '', '61062-Case-Study-Malawi.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This case study examines Malawi as an example of a low income oil importing country from the perspective of its vulnerability to shocks in oil price and supply.1 In 2010, Malawi was among the world’s 10 poorest countries according to the IMF. The 2009 UN Human Development Report indicated that 73.9% of the population lived below the poverty line of USD1.25 per day, and 90.4% lived on less than USD2 per day (Europa 2012:761). The country currently has no known sources of oil, and is thus entirely reliant on other countries for this form of energy.\r\nThe case study is organised according to five subsystems of the socio-economic system, namely: energy; transport; agriculture; macro-economy and society. Each of the first four major sections includes a brief overview of the subsystem, an analysis of its oil dependency, and a discussion of the likely impacts of oil shocks under business-as-usual policy environments. Section 5 analyses Malawi’s social vulnerabilities to oil shocks. The concluding section provides a summary of key strengths, vulnerabilities and likely impacts of oil shocks in each of the five subsystems.', 'Blake Robinson (2013), Oil Shock Vulnerabilities & Impacts: Case Study of Malawi.', 'Blake Robinson, Oil Shock Vulnerabilities & Impacts: Case Study of Malawi(2013).', 'Blake Robinson (2013), Oil Shock Vulnerabilities & Impacts: Case Study of Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(126, 'Definitions, Good Practices, and Global Estimates on the Status of Social Protection for International Migrants', 'Johanna Avato, Johannes Koettl and Rachel Sabates-Wheeler', '2009', 'Journals', '', '491720NWP0Inte10Box338943B01PUBLIC1.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper analyzes the issue of social protection for migrants by looking at formal and informal social protection provisions. In particular, it presents the latest global data on the social protection status on migrants, including undocumented migrants. The paper gives special attention to lower-income countries drawing upon recent studies from the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It finds that migrants in poorer countries have very limited access to formal social protection such as social security systems, and that the legal social protection frameworks are far from making benefits portable. Rather, migrants have to rely on informal social protection, and it is often migration itself that constitutes a form of social protection for migrants and their families. This means that making migration safer for low-income migrants is vital to allow migrants to fully benefit from their migration experience and to ultimately enhance their social protection.', 'Johanna Avato, Johannes Koettl and Rachel Sabates-Wheeler (2009), Definitions, Good Practices, and Global Estimates on the Status of Social Protection for International Migrants.', 'Johanna Avato, Johannes Koettl and Rachel Sabates-Wheeler, Definitions, Good Practices, and Global Estimates on the Status of Social Protection for International Migrants(2009).', 'Johanna Avato, Johannes Koettl and Rachel Sabates-Wheeler (2009), Definitions, Good Practices, and Global Estimates on the Status of Social Protection for International Migrants.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(127, 'Disability and poverty: a global challenge', 'Benedicte Ingstad and Arne H. Eide', '2011', 'Books', '', '627775.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This book is about being disabled and being poor and the social, cultural\r\nand political processes that link these two aspects of living in what has been\r\ncharacterised as a ‘vicious circle’ (Yeo and Moore, 2003). It is also about the\r\nstrengths that people show when living with disability and being poor: how they\r\ntry to overcome their problems and make the best out of what little they have. It\r\nis a book about those who we will call ‘the heroes of everyday life’.\r\nThe book aims to provide cross-cultural – and cross-national – perspectives\r\non the situation of living with a disability and being poor. Through this we\r\nhope to illustrate how barriers to participation manifest themselves differently\r\n– and similarly – in different contexts, and how the coping strategies of people\r\ninvolved (the person with a disability and their family members) emerge in\r\ndifferent settings. We hope to bring forward the necessity of culturally sensitive\r\napproaches to disability studies and rehabilitation, and to counteract some of the\r\ncultural arrogance that Europeans and North Americans tend to bring into this\r\nfield, assuming that what seems important or relevant for them is the same all\r\nover the world.', 'Benedicte Ingstad and Arne H. Eide (2011), Disability and poverty: a global challenge.', 'Benedicte Ingstad and Arne H. Eide, Disability and poverty: a global challenge(2011).', 'Benedicte Ingstad and Arne H. Eide (2011), Disability and poverty: a global challenge.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 17, 41, 3),
(128, 'Safety Nets in Africa-Effective Mechanisms to Reach the poor and Most Vulnerable', 'Carlo Del Ninn and Bradford Mills', '2015', 'Books', '', '941170PUB0Box300Forum09781464804359.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Carlo Del Ninn and Bradford Mills (2015), Safety Nets in Africa-Effective Mechanisms to Reach the poor and Most Vulnerable.', 'Carlo Del Ninn and Bradford Mills, Safety Nets in Africa-Effective Mechanisms to Reach the poor and Most Vulnerable(2015).', 'Carlo Del Ninn and Bradford Mills (2015), Safety Nets in Africa-Effective Mechanisms to Reach the poor and Most Vulnerable.', '1Capture.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 18, 58, 3),
(129, 'Cash transfers and political economy in sub-Saharan Africa', 'Anna McCord', '2009', 'Handouts', '', '62002495E68062EC4925767F001D8EBB-Full_Report.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The provision of cash transfers to alleviate poverty may not be a policy priority for low-income countries, despite donor enthusiasm to promote such interventions as a cost effective social protection mechanism. This Project Briefing looks at cash transfers and political economy issues, drawing on case studies from Kenya, Malawi and Zambia, low-income countries which have started to implement cash transfer programmes in recent years. The research was carried out as part of a wider, three-year study by ODI on cash transfers, funded by the Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation. In all three countries, cash transfers were generally perceived as an acceptable and appropriate response to poverty by key national stakeholders. However, there was little evidence of political will to provide cash transfers to the poor as a whole, and a strong preference for cash transfers that reach only particular sub-categories of the poor. Even within these categories, however, coverage is low in all three countries. It is only in middle-income countries – such as Brazil, Mexico, South Africa – that higher levels of coverage of target groups are achieved.', 'Anna McCord (2009), Cash transfers and political economy in sub-Saharan Africa.', 'Anna McCord, Cash transfers and political economy in sub-Saharan Africa(2009).', 'Anna McCord (2009), Cash transfers and political economy in sub-Saharan Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 18, 47, 3),
(130, 'INPUT VOUCHER STUDY IN MALAWI, MOZAMBIQUE AND ZAMBIA', 'Julius H. Mangisoni, Richard Kachule, Thompson Kalinda, Thabbie Chilongo, Mwalimu Simfukwe and Emilio Tostao', '2007', 'Journals', '', '100257723.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The input voucher study aimed to test the potential benefits of using a\r\nvoucher system to integrate the commercial and non-commercial agricultural\r\nproduction input distribution channels while also providing targeted support to\r\npoor smallholder farmers. Another dimension of the study was to demonstrate\r\nthe potential impact of implementing a full cycle of policy research, analysis\r\nand engagement using the case of seed and fertilizer input vouchers. The\r\nstudies were carried out in Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia. The first phase\r\nof the study focused on reviewing voucher-related literature and updating\r\nprevious studies done on the subject. The second phase involved rapid field\r\nresearch consultations with stakeholders in Malawi and Zambia, and further\r\nmining of existing survey data in Mozambique.\r\nThe first phase has revealed that a number of interventions are used in\r\nMalawi, Mozambique and Zambia to assist households facing chronic food\r\ninsecurity to increase their productivity and improve their food security. These\r\ninclude direct input distribution to target households, seed vouchers and fairs,\r\nstarter packs, and vouchers of different types. The Zambian Government uses\r\ndirect input distribution through the Fertilizer Support Program and Program\r\nAgainst Malnutrition’s Food Security Pack. NGOs and international\r\norganizations in Zambia and Malawi also use direct input distribution. There\r\nare also pockets of seed vouchers and fairs being used by NGOs and donors\r\nin all the three countries.\r\nThe starter pack scheme and targeted input program were used in Malawi\r\nfrom 1998 to 2004. Currently, the Malawi Government is implementing a\r\ncombination of direct input distribution and vouchers. The voucher system\r\nwas first tested in Malawi in 1999 alongside the starter pack program. The\r\nresults showed that flexi-vouchers are the most economically enhancing tool\r\nfor smallholder farmers, especially the poorest. Distribution of flexi-vouchers\r\nallowed households to have freedom in the selection of goods. The Malawi\r\nstudy and other international literature reveal a number of likely outcomes\r\nfrom use of vouchers. First, utilization of local retail outlets for distribution\r\ninstead of distribution of pre-packaged inputs increases availability of desired\r\ngoods such as fertilizer at retail level. Second, direct input distribution such as\r\nthe starter packs has minimal impact on enhancement of household\r\ndiscretionary cash and maize production. Third, direct input distribution does\r\nnot allow the private sector to expand its retail distribution networks\r\ncountrywide into the rural areas, as is apparent in Mozambique and Zambia\r\nwhere the private sector normally operates only in urban and peri-urban areas. Fourth, direct input distribution is costly to government and is\r\nsusceptible to pilferage and fraud compared to the voucher-based systems.\r\nA number of key conclusions are derived from the individual second phase\r\ncountry reports. In Malawi, the input voucher program has improved food\r\nsecurity at household level and increased maize surplus at national level from\r\n0.5 million MT surplus in 2005/06 season to 1.3 million MT in 2006/07. The\r\nmaize yields have increased from less than one tone to about 2.04 MT/ha.\r\nOther benefits include growth and expansion of private sector business;\r\ncreation of competition among players; increased use of new technologies\r\nand increased per capita use of fertilizer and seed.\r\nIn Mozambique, the country report focused on determining smallholders’\r\nprobability of buying maize seed, and the effect of seed emergency programs\r\non smallholders’ likelihood to purchase maize. The econometric study showed\r\nthat smallholders who receive emergency seed are less likely to buy\r\ncommercial or marketed seed. Thus, emergency seed programs are likely\r\npreventing the development of Mozambique’s commercial seed market.\r\nIn Zambia, the study observed that the input voucher system, if it has to target\r\na larger population of beneficiaries would inevitably attract, and require the\r\npublic interest of government and indeed the donor community. To harness\r\nthis inevitable public interest without encouraging a return to government\r\ncontrolled markets, it would be imperative that the general principles of a\r\npublic-private partnership be involved. In this partnership one would perceive\r\nprivate sector (seed stockists, manufacturers, agencies, distributors) being\r\nimplementers while government would retain the role of facilitator and policy\r\nguider.\r\nThe country reports further show that one way to make the vouchers or\r\ncoupons more effective is for governments to consider percentile coupons.\r\nSuch coupons can indicate for example that 75% of the value is for fertilizer,\r\n10% for seed, 5% for chemicals and 10 % for labor. In this way vouchers can\r\nhelp a government to achieve social objectives through commercial means.\r\nAlternatively, efforts should be made to ensure that if the voucher value is\r\nless than the cost of the inputs, then farmers should be allowed to redeem the\r\ndifference for cash or for other necessities. Flexi-vouchers can be redeemed\r\nfor inputs or for other basic needs from shops.\r\nx\r\nThus, the input voucher study has qualitatively and quantitatively confirmed\r\nthat it is possible to use a voucher system to integrate the commercial and\r\nnon-commercial input distribution systems in Malawi, Mozambique and\r\nZambia while also targeting those most in need. This will in turn help to create\r\nemployment, enable the private sector to extend its distribution network into\r\nthe rural areas and reduce the burden on government budget of distributing\r\ninputs to rural poor households. However to ensure success of the program,\r\nit is important to address registration, fraud and corrupt practices, poor timing,\r\npoor quality inputs and transportation bottlenecks.', 'Julius H. Mangisoni, Richard Kachule, Thompson Kalinda, Thabbie Chilongo, Mwalimu Simfukwe and Emilio Tostao (2007), INPUT VOUCHER STUDY IN MALAWI, MOZAMBIQUE AND ZAMBIA.', 'Julius H. Mangisoni, Richard Kachule, Thompson Kalinda, Thabbie Chilongo, Mwalimu Simfukwe and Emilio Tostao, INPUT VOUCHER STUDY IN MALAWI, MOZAMBIQUE AND ZAMBIA(2007).', 'Julius H. Mangisoni, Richard Kachule, Thompson Kalinda, Thabbie Chilongo, Mwalimu Simfukwe and Emilio Tostao (2007), INPUT VOUCHER STUDY IN MALAWI, MOZAMBIQUE AND ZAMBIA.', '100cu.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3);
INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(131, 'Institutional Antecedents of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Narrative in the Developing World Context: Implications for Sustainable Development', 'Dr. Frans Melissen, Dr. Andrew Ngawenja Mzembe, Dr. Uwafiokun Idemudia and Dr. Yvonne Novakovic', 'Unknown', 'Dissertations', '', '110588598.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Efforts to understand the background to perceptions and manifestation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the developing world need to focus on establishing their link with socio-economic governance challenges and societal expectations and cultural traditions. This signifies a departure from a western centric understanding of CSR but also an over-focus on CSR as philanthropy. This study considers the Malawian tourism industry and finds that its colonial legacy, post-colonialism development thinking and the national education system explain the prevalence of a ‘CSR as philanthropy’ agenda. When these factors interact with socio-economic governance challenges and societal expectations, however, the universality thesis that has often been associated with CSR theorization and implementation can be challenged. These findings therefore suggest a shift from the western centric CSR thinking to a CSR perspective that is strongly grounded in local values and norms and which meets the expectations of the global society. This indicates a way forward if CSR is to be adequately institutionalized in the developing world context.\r\nKey words Colonial legacy; Corporate Social Responsibility; Environmental Policy; Sustainable Development; Tourism', 'Dr. Frans Melissen, Dr. Andrew Ngawenja Mzembe, Dr. Uwafiokun Idemudia and Dr. Yvonne Novakovic (Unknown), Institutional Antecedents of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Narrative in the Developing World Context: Implications for Sustainable Development.', 'Dr. Frans Melissen, Dr. Andrew Ngawenja Mzembe, Dr. Uwafiokun Idemudia and Dr. Yvonne Novakovic, Institutional Antecedents of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Narrative in the Developing World Context: Implications for Sustainable Development(Unknown).', 'Dr. Frans Melissen, Dr. Andrew Ngawenja Mzembe, Dr. Uwafiokun Idemudia and Dr. Yvonne Novakovic (Unknown), Institutional Antecedents of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Narrative in the Developing World Context: Implications for Sustainable Development.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 33, 3),
(132, 'Effect of Plant Population Densities on the Severity of Late Leaf Spot and Rust of Groundnut', 'S. Pande and J. Narayana Rao', '2002', 'Journals', '', '211012988.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The effect of five plant population densities [5 (D1), 10 (D2), 20 (D3), 30 (D4), and 40 (D5) plants/m2] of four groundnut cultivars [ICGV 86699, ICG (FDRS) 10, ICGS 11 and TMV 2] and fungicide application (Kavach, chlorothalonil) to manage late leaf spot (LLS) and rust were studied in a field experiment during the 1995 and 1996 rainy seasons. LLS and rust severities were low in fungicide sprayed plots in all the cultivars irrespective of plant densities. Severities of LLS and rust, and percentage defoliation caused by LLS were significantly more in higher plant densities (D4, D5) than in lower plant densities (D1, D2, D3) in fungicide sprayed and unsprayed plots in all the cultivars. All the cultivars gave significantly higher haulm and pod yields in fungicide sprayed plots than in unsprayed plots. Haulm and pod yields were significantly higher in higher plant densities than in lower plant densities. A combination of higher plant densities (D4, D5) and fungicide protection against LLS and rust gave maximum yield.\r\nKeywords : Arachis, peanut, Phaeoisariopsis personata, Puccinia arachidis.', 'S. Pande and J. Narayana Rao (2002), Effect of Plant Population Densities on the Severity of Late Leaf Spot and Rust of Groundnut.', 'S. Pande and J. Narayana Rao, Effect of Plant Population Densities on the Severity of Late Leaf Spot and Rust of Groundnut(2002).', 'S. Pande and J. Narayana Rao (2002), Effect of Plant Population Densities on the Severity of Late Leaf Spot and Rust of Groundnut.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(133, 'The Implications of Trade Policy and ‘Natural’ Barriers Induced Protection for Aggregate Demand for Imports: Evidence for Malawi', 'Evious K. Zgovu', '2003', 'Journals', '', '373839138.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper analyses the relative importance of trade policy and ‘natural’ trade barriers in\r\nthe demand for imports for Malawi, a geographically landlocked sub-Saharan African economy, using an augmented dynamic import demand model. Incidence analysis of protection shows that pre-liberalisation trade policy barriers were greater than ‘natural’ barriers but in post-liberalisation ‘natural’ barriers were greater. Econometric analysis of the import demand model shows that ‘true’ protection of importables has been a decisive disincentive to importing. Therefore, like other landlocked countries Malawi needs to aggressively lower not only trade policy barriers but also ‘natural’ barriers for greater efficient trade.', 'Evious K. Zgovu (2003), The Implications of Trade Policy and ‘Natural’ Barriers Induced Protection for Aggregate Demand for Imports: Evidence for Malawi.', 'Evious K. Zgovu, The Implications of Trade Policy and ‘Natural’ Barriers Induced Protection for Aggregate Demand for Imports: Evidence for Malawi(2003).', 'Evious K. Zgovu (2003), The Implications of Trade Policy and ‘Natural’ Barriers Induced Protection for Aggregate Demand for Imports: Evidence for Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(134, 'Social transfer programmes and school enrolment in Malawi', 'Malokele Nanivazo', '2013', 'Journals', '', '770547834.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper investigates the impact of social transfer programmes on school enrolment and child labour in Malawi utilizing a micro-simulation evaluation method. Four hypothetical cash transfer programmes, differentiated in terms of their conditions on children’s enrolment and gender, are considered. Results show that boys’ enrolment increases in all four scenarios, whereas girls’ enrolment increases only when the conditionality on enrolment is enforced.', 'Malokele Nanivazo (2013), Social transfer programmes and school enrolment in Malawi.', 'Malokele Nanivazo, Social transfer programmes and school enrolment in Malawi(2013).', 'Malokele Nanivazo (2013), Social transfer programmes and school enrolment in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(135, 'Gender Analysis for MVAC Emergency Cash Transfer Programme', 'Elizabeth Molloy, Dr. Boran Altincicek', '2016', 'Handouts', '', '1472808526.CWW-Gender-Report-FINAL.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The Malawi Vulnerability Assessment Committee (MVAC) estimated that 2.8 million people would be\r\nin need of food assistance between October 2015 and March 2016. As a result of this, a consortium of\r\nINGOs (comprising Save the Children, Concern Worldwide, Concern Universal, Oxfam, and GOAL), and\r\nthe World Food Programme (WFP) came together to plan a response, with INGOS delivering a cash\r\ntransfer response to 450,000 people, while WFP distributed food or cash to 2.4 million people. As part of\r\nthe INGO Consortium, Concern Worldwide implemented cash transfers targeting 25,306 households in\r\nMchinji District and 1,990 households in Nkhotakota District, while GOAL targeted 4,585 households in\r\nNsanje district.\r\nIn recent years, Cash Transfers (CTs) have emerged as a cost-effective and efficient way of supporting\r\nvulnerable people in times of emergency. A recent DfID/ODI (2015) report recommended that humanitarian\r\naid organisations should “give more cash transfers” and that CTs should be “central to humanitarian crisis response”1. CTs are perceived as ‘empowering’ as they allow people choice and options, and are seen to\r\ncontributing to local development by stimulating local markets.\r\nHowever, the impacts of CTs are not gender neutral, as CT programming tends to be rooted in gender assumptions. It is generally assumed that targeting women for CTs increases the likelihood that the money will benefit the whole family; as women are seen as “the rightful recipients of the transfers, as women use cash for the households more responsibly than men”2. It is also assumed that giving cash to women empowers them economically, as “giving women money will give them the voice and power to raise their status within the household and the community, ultimately promoting gender equality”3. Concern Worldwide has commissioned a gender analysis of CTs in Mchinjiand Nsanje districts to unpack how these assumptions play out within the specific context of Mchinji and Nsanje districts in Malawi, to ensure that CT programming ‘does no harm’ while reducing the vulnerabilities of the poorest people.\r\nThe analysis aims to analyse the impact that emergency cash transfers have on intra-household gender dynamics, to capture learning, which will inform Concern and others’ future cash transfer programmes both in Malawi and more broadly.', 'Elizabeth Molloy, Dr. Boran Altincicek (2016), Gender Analysis for MVAC Emergency Cash Transfer Programme.', 'Elizabeth Molloy, Dr. Boran Altincicek, Gender Analysis for MVAC Emergency Cash Transfer Programme(2016).', 'Elizabeth Molloy, Dr. Boran Altincicek (2016), Gender Analysis for MVAC Emergency Cash Transfer Programme.', '01Capture.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 22, 48, 3),
(136, 'The use of napier grass ( Pennisetum purpureum) and maize (Zea mays) bran as low-cost tilapia aquaculture inputs', 'Fredson J.K. Chikafumbwa', '1996', 'Journals', '', '166186624568305800990180324651897144686.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and maize (Zea mays) bran were tested as low-cost inputs to earthem ponds and concrete tanks. In Experiment 1, fresh napier grass was given at 50kg dry matter (DM)ha-1 day- 1 alone and in combination with maize bran at 3% fish body weight day-1 and/or agricultural limestone (L) applied at 100 kg ha per 2 weeks. Treatments were applied over 181 days to a mixed-sex 1:1 polyculture of Tilapia rendalli and Oreochromis shiranus stocked at 2m-2 in 200 m2 ponds. In Experiment 2, fresh napier grass (NG) was given whole (WG), chopped (CG) or ground (GG) at 50 kg (DM) ha-1 day- 1 or in combination with maize bran (MB) at 3% fish body weightday- 1 for 108days to a mixed-sex polyculture of six T. rendalli and six Oreochromis karongae stocked at 2.4 m2 in 5 m3 tanks.\r\nIn Experiment 1, treatments which included a combination of napier grass and maize bran performed significantly better (P < 0.05) than did other treatments. Average extrapolated yield from NG + MB and NG-I-MB + L was 1729kgha-1 compared with 1255kgha-1 for other treatments. Average specific growth rates (SGR) for stocked T. rendalli and O. shiranus were 0.78% day-1 and 0.75%day-1, respectively, in NG + MB and NG + MB + L compared with\r\n0.58% day 1 and 0.60% day \" 1 in other treatments. Fry and fmgerlings contributed 47.7 ± 0.7% to the final catch weight of all treatments.\r\nIn Experiment 2, SGR values in CG + MB (1.46% day - 1 and 1.31% day - 1 for T. rendalli and O. karongae, respectively) were not significantly different from those for CG alone. CG treatment performed significantly better (P < 0.05) than other treatments. The addition of maize bran to CG', 'Fredson J.K. Chikafumbwa (1996), The use of napier grass ( Pennisetum purpureum) and maize (Zea mays) bran as low-cost tilapia aquaculture inputs.', 'Fredson J.K. Chikafumbwa, The use of napier grass ( Pennisetum purpureum) and maize (Zea mays) bran as low-cost tilapia aquaculture inputs(1996).', 'Fredson J.K. Chikafumbwa (1996), The use of napier grass ( Pennisetum purpureum) and maize (Zea mays) bran as low-cost tilapia aquaculture inputs.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(137, 'Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Olivier De Schutter On Mission to Malawi', '', '2014', 'Journals', '', 'A_HRC_25_57_Add.1_ENG.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '1. The Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Olivier De Schutter, conducted a visit to Malawi from 12 to 22 July 2013 at the invitation of the Government. During his visit, he met with senior government officials from the Office of the President and Cabinet; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security; the National Food Reserve Agency; the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development; the Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs; the Ministry of Home Affairs and Internal Security; the Malawi Prison Service; the Ministry of Industry and Trade; the Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training; the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development; the Ministry of Gender, Children and Community Development; the Ministry of Economic Planning and Development; the Malawi Vulnerability Assessment Committee; the Ministry of Health; and the Ministry of Finance. The Special Rapporteur also met with members of the National Assembly, the Malawi Human Rights Commission and the United Nations country team, and with representatives of international donors and development cooperation agencies.\r\n2. The Special Rapporteur convened five round-table discussions in Lilongwe and Zomba with representatives of non-governmental organizations, trade unions, farmers associations and academics. He visited the central and southern regions, meeting with local officials and communities in the districts of Dedza, Salima, Mulanje, Thyolo and Zomba, including tea estate workers in the village of Bwaila in Traditional Authority Mchilamwela, villagers facing displacement from land adjoining a sugar cane plantation in Mtakataka, tenant workers on a tobacco farm in Changoma, and staff of a nutrition rehabilitation unit developing a community garden project at the Mulanje Mission Hospital; and farmers involved in agroecological projects in Ekwendeni, Mzimba District, and in Lodi, Dedza District. The Special Rapporteur also visited Maula Prison in Lilongwe, where he met with prisoners and with representatives of the prison administration.\r\n3. The Special Rapporteur is grateful to the Government for facilitating his visit and for the open and frank spirit in which dialogues were conducted. He expresses his thanks and appreciation to the wide range of people and local communities he was able to meet with, as well to the United Nations country team and the United Nations Resident Coordinator in Malawi for the excellent support provided.\r\n4. The visit took place at a time when the country is making important choices for its near and long-term future. On 8 June 2013, President Joyce Banda announced at the “Nutrition for Growth” summit in London, that Malawi had joined the New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition; the terms of its agreement are set out in a country cooperation framework that includes a series of policy commitments engaging the country for the years to come. The 2014 elections and the fiftieth anniversary of independence (“Malawi at 50”) also provide opportunities for a national dialogue on a renewed comprehensive vision for the country.', ' (2014), Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Olivier De Schutter On Mission to Malawi.', ', Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Olivier De Schutter On Mission to Malawi(2014).', ' (2014), Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Olivier De Schutter On Mission to Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(138, 'Access to Tuberculosis Services for Individuals with Disability in Rural Malawi, a Qualitative Study', 'Lisbet Grut, Lifah Sanudi, Stine Hellum Braathen, Thomas Jürgens, Arne H. Eide', '2015', 'Journals', '', 'Access-to-Tuberculosis-Services-for-Individuals-with-Disability-in-Rural-Malawi-a-Qualitative-Study.', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Tuberculosis occurs in all populations, but with higher prevalence in poor contexts. Vulnerable groups, including individuals with disability, run a particular risk due to poorer access to\r\ninformation and health services. Studying access to tuberculosis services for vulnerable groups in poor contexts may provide useful insight into the quality of such services in low-income contexts. This article aims to present a contextual understanding of access to tuberculosis services for people with disabilities in one district in southern Malawi. A qualitative\r\nmethod with semi-structured interviews and site observations was applied. In all, 89 participants were interviewed: 47 persons with disability, 11 parents/guardians of youths with disability, and the remaining 31 comprising eight health workers, four community rehabilitation assistants and volunteers, and 19 leaders in the community. Our main findings are that lack of information and knowledge, and considerable confusion related to tuberculosis, its cause and how to protect oneself, are major barrier to accessing services. Disease awareness\r\nand personal risk perception are key factors in this regard. Further findings concerns the\r\npathways to tuberculosis related health services, in particular having a test and completing the treatment. The combination of lack of knowledge and barriers in accessing tests implies substantial availability and access problems.It is of importance to understand the combined impact of individual, social, contextual, and systems barriers to fully address the complexity of accessing tuberculosis services for vulnerable groups in poor populations. Lack of disability specific strategies in the local health services may be part of the reason why individuals with disability to not access such services.', 'Lisbet Grut, Lifah Sanudi, Stine Hellum Braathen, Thomas Jürgens, Arne H. Eide (2015), Access to Tuberculosis Services for Individuals with Disability in Rural Malawi, a Qualitative Study.', 'Lisbet Grut, Lifah Sanudi, Stine Hellum Braathen, Thomas Jürgens, Arne H. Eide, Access to Tuberculosis Services for Individuals with Disability in Rural Malawi, a Qualitative Study(2015).', 'Lisbet Grut, Lifah Sanudi, Stine Hellum Braathen, Thomas Jürgens, Arne H. Eide (2015), Access to Tuberculosis Services for Individuals with Disability in Rural Malawi, a Qualitative Study.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(139, 'Social protection for Malawian migrants in Johannesburg: Access, exclusion and survival strategies', 'Redson Edward Kapindu', '2011', 'Journals', '', 'ahrlj_vol11_no1_2011_redson_e_kapindu-Social protection for Malawian Migrants in Johannesburg.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Many migrants from Southern Africa come to South Africa every year in search of a better life. This article explores the extent to which foreign\r\nAfrican migrants are covered or excluded by the social protection regime in South Africa, using the situation of Malawian migrants as a case study. The article demonstrates that there are both normative (or formal) exclusions, as well as practical exclusions from social protection faced by these migrants. In light of this grim reality, the article explores the various survival strategies that these migrants adopt in order to hedge against the risk of socio-economic shocks. The article shows that there are well-developed informal social protection networks largely based on nationality and kinship. Another key finding in the study is that, for many migrants, the movement to South Africa is in itself a social\r\nprotection measure to protect against existing or future socio-economic\r\nrisks and vulnerabilities in their native state. The article suggests that the experiences of Malawian migrants in Johannesburg are similar to the experiences of foreign migrants in various metropolitan societies in\r\nEastern and Southern Africa.', 'Redson Edward Kapindu (2011), Social protection for Malawian migrants in Johannesburg: Access, exclusion and survival strategies.', 'Redson Edward Kapindu, Social protection for Malawian migrants in Johannesburg: Access, exclusion and survival strategies(2011).', 'Redson Edward Kapindu (2011), Social protection for Malawian migrants in Johannesburg: Access, exclusion and survival strategies.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(140, 'Productive Impacts of the Malawi Social Cash Transfer Programme', 'Solomon Asfaw, Alessandro Carraro, Robert Pickmans, Silvio Daidone and Benjamin Davis', '2015', 'Journals', '', 'a-i4346e.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Cash transfer programmes have become an important tool for social protection and poverty reduction strategies in low- and middle-income countries. An increasing number of African governments have launched such programmes in the past ten years, especially to provide assistance to households caring for orphans and vulnerable children or to labour-constrained households. Cash transfer programmes in African countries have tended to be unconditional (i.e. regular and predictable transfers of money are given directly to beneficiary households without conditions or labour requirements) rather than conditional (i.e. recipients are required to meet certain conditions such as using basic health services or sending their children to school), which is more common in Latin America. Most of these programmes seek to reduce poverty and vulnerability by improving food consumption, school attendance, and nutritional and health status.\r\nThe Malawi Social Cash Transfer (SCT) programme was initiated in 2006 in the pilot district of Mchinji, providing cash grants to ultra-poor households without any able-bodied adult household members (‘labour-constrained’ households). The objectives of the programme include reducing poverty and hunger in vulnerable households and increasing school enrolment. A rigorous impact evaluation of the pilot in Mchinji district was designed and implemented during the pilot phase in 2007/08. Results from this initial evaluation indicated strong positive impacts of the pilot on household food security, children’s schooling, health, and household possession of productive assets (Miller et al., 2010). The Government of Malawi (GoM) has gradually expanded the SCT to six additional districts across the country (Chitipa, Likoma, Machinga, Mangochi, Phalombe, and Salima), although it only operates at full scale in Likoma and Mchinji. The SCT is currently operational in seven districts and reaches over 30,000 ultra-poor and labour-constrained households and approximately 103,000 individuals. The current expansion of the SCT presents an important opportunity to evaluate the adjusted programme with a larger sample size across several districts.', 'Solomon Asfaw, Alessandro Carraro, Robert Pickmans, Silvio Daidone and Benjamin Davis (2015), Productive Impacts of the Malawi Social Cash Transfer Programme.', 'Solomon Asfaw, Alessandro Carraro, Robert Pickmans, Silvio Daidone and Benjamin Davis, Productive Impacts of the Malawi Social Cash Transfer Programme(2015).', 'Solomon Asfaw, Alessandro Carraro, Robert Pickmans, Silvio Daidone and Benjamin Davis (2015), Productive Impacts of the Malawi Social Cash Transfer Programme.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(141, 'ANTICIPATORY CHILD FOSTERING AND HOUSEHOLD SOCIOECONOMIC SECURITY IN MALAWI', 'Lauren Kate Bachan', '2012', 'Dissertations', '', 'Bachan_MAThesis_20120713.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Child fostering is practiced throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa and is often\r\nused by families to oset economic risk and insecurities. While there is a rich\r\nliterature on the practice of child fostering, we have a limited understanding of\r\nhow absorbing a foster child impacts a household. The AIDS epidemic in the\r\nregion has added new complexities to the practice of child fostering, making it\r\nmore imperative to understand the relationship between fostering and household\r\noutcomes. Using data from 1,959 respondents enrolled in a longitudinal survey in\r\nBalaka, Malawi, this paper empirically explores the relationship between receiving\r\na foster child and changes in household socioeconomic status (SES) over a two-\r\nyear period of time. Placing particular emphasis on the role of anticipation, the\r\nresults show that those who correctly anticipate their care giving responsibilities\r\nexperience a greater increase in household SES than those who do not.', 'Lauren Kate Bachan (2012), ANTICIPATORY CHILD FOSTERING AND HOUSEHOLD SOCIOECONOMIC SECURITY IN MALAWI.', 'Lauren Kate Bachan, ANTICIPATORY CHILD FOSTERING AND HOUSEHOLD SOCIOECONOMIC SECURITY IN MALAWI(2012).', 'Lauren Kate Bachan (2012), ANTICIPATORY CHILD FOSTERING AND HOUSEHOLD SOCIOECONOMIC SECURITY IN MALAWI.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 35, 3),
(142, 'Waste Market in Urban Malawi – A way out of poverty?', ' Juliette Barré', '', 'Journals', '', 'barre_j_150107.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'In 2012, world global production of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) was estimated at about 1.3 billion tons per year and is predicted to grow to 2.2 billion tons per year by 2025. Massive and fast accumulation of waste is difficult to handle especially in urban areas where space is scarce. Accumulation of waste results the development of harmful toxins, bacteria, and odors. Moreover, it can lead to soil and ground water contamination. These challenges are spread in Malawi where the field study took place. More precisely, the research was done in two cities; Lilongwe (the capital) and Blantyre (the commercial city). The overall aims of this paper are (i) to explore urban waste management strategies and market in Malawi (ii) to determine the actors and their role in urban waste market (iii) to understand the economic and social benefits of urban waste management. The study was conducted for two months. Thirteen interviews with different stakeholders in the waste management business were carried out. Three urban waste marketing activities were identified in the study areas namely; trade of compost produced from organic wastes , trade of plastic waste for industry and residential waste collect by small local companies. The compost market has a huge potential for development due to the large quantity of organic waste produced, minimum competition for organic wastes and the simplicity of the process (no need for high technology to compost waste). The existing waste activities generate job opportunities and improve the livelihood of urban dwellings. Both women and men are equally represented in the business; however, they do not work together and often don’t have the same tasks. For example women are cleaning the plastic waste while men are in charge of the collect and the process. However, the willingness of the government to promote private initiative regarding to waste management and marketing is very poor. All of the respondents identified lack of support from public authorities and regulations as a main challenge for waste management and marketing. Moreover, fuel price, lack of training and market visibility were the common impediments for the stakeholders\r\nOther results are found and are discussed all along the thesis. However these results must be carefully handled as the sample chose for the study is very small (13 interviews). Additionally, the respondents provided data that couldn’t be verified since it could be a personal choice by the respondents to overestimate their success or their issues, so there might be a bias towards quantitative as well as qualitative data. Finally, this study is a call for more research on the subject as waste trading seemed to have a great potential to answer poverty issue in urban Malawi. Therefore, there is a need for more specific research on the link between poverty alleviation and the mechanisms of the market especially in SSA countries.', ' Juliette Barré (), Waste Market in Urban Malawi – A way out of poverty?.', ' Juliette Barré, Waste Market in Urban Malawi – A way out of poverty?().', ' Juliette Barré (), Waste Market in Urban Malawi – A way out of poverty?.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(143, 'Facilitating Savings for Agriculture: Field Experimental Evidence from Malawi', 'Lasse Brune, Dean Yang and Xavier Giné', '2015', 'Journals', '', 'bggy_mwisavings.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'We implemented a randomized intervention among Malawian farmers aimed at facilitating formal savings for agricultural inputs. Treated farmers were offered the opportunity to have their cash crop harvest proceeds deposited directly into new bank accounts in their own names, while farmers in the control group were paid harvest proceeds in cash (the status quo). The treatment led to higher savings in the months immediately prior to the next agricultural planting season, and raised agricultural input usage in that season. We also find positive treatment effects on subsequent crop sale proceeds and household expenditures. Because the treatment effect on savings was only a small fraction of the treatment effect on the value of agricultural inputs, mechanisms other than alleviation of savings constraints per se are needed to explain the treatment’s impact on input utilization. We discuss other possible mechanisms through which treatment effects may have operated.\r\nKeywords: savings, agriculture, Africa\r\nJEL codes: D03, D91, O16, Q14', 'Lasse Brune, Dean Yang and Xavier Giné (2015), Facilitating Savings for Agriculture: Field Experimental Evidence from Malawi.', 'Lasse Brune, Dean Yang and Xavier Giné, Facilitating Savings for Agriculture: Field Experimental Evidence from Malawi(2015).', 'Lasse Brune, Dean Yang and Xavier Giné (2015), Facilitating Savings for Agriculture: Field Experimental Evidence from Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(144, 'Assessing rural transformations: Piloting a qualitative impact protocol in Malawi and Ethiopia', 'James Copestake and Fiona Remnant', '2014', 'Journals', '', 'bpd35.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper contributes to the literature on qualitative approaches to impact evaluation,\r\nparticularly in complex contexts. It reports on substantive and methodological findings\r\nfrom four pilot studies of a protocol for qualitative impact evaluation of NGO sponsored rural development projects in Malawi and Ethiopia. Two of the projects aimed to build\r\nresilience to climate change through support for a spectrum of livelihood diversification\r\nactivities, while two focused on smallholder involvement in the value chains of specific\r\ncash crops. The protocol was designed and tested through action research with the aim\r\nof generating evidence in a credible, timely and cost-effective way to confirm the causal\r\ntheories underpinning project actions, as well as to explore incidental sources of change and unanticipated effects. The paper describes the methodology, provides an overview of findings and reflects on lessons learnt in addressing problems of attribution,\r\nconfirmation bias and generalizability. It suggests scope for further development of\r\nresponses to these issues based on self-reported attribution, partial blinding of\r\nrespondents and nesting qualitative evaluation in quantitative monitoring.\r\nKey words: Impact evaluation, qualitative methods, food security, climate change adaptation,\r\nrural livelihoods, Malawi, Ethiopia, NGOs, confirmation bias, mixed methods, attribution', 'James Copestake and Fiona Remnant (2014), Assessing rural transformations: Piloting a qualitative impact protocol in Malawi and Ethiopia.', 'James Copestake and Fiona Remnant, Assessing rural transformations: Piloting a qualitative impact protocol in Malawi and Ethiopia(2014).', 'James Copestake and Fiona Remnant (2014), Assessing rural transformations: Piloting a qualitative impact protocol in Malawi and Ethiopia.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(145, 'Introducing basic social protection in low-income countries: Lessons from existing programmes', 'Armando Barrientos', '2007', 'Journals', '', 'bwpi-wp-0607.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper reviews the main lessons from existing social protection programmes in low-income countries for the development of social protection in these countries. It is taken for granted that introducing social protection in low income countries is that much harder due to constraints arising from underdevelopment, fragmented political and policy processes, reduced tax base, and weak administrative capacity. The paper examines existing social protection programmes in order to illuminate on the strength of these constraints, and the nature of potential remedies. The paper concludes that the experience of low-income countries shows there are many policy options available to them. It also concludes that while deficits in finance and operational capacity are much less tractable, global partnerships can work effectively to lift these constraints.\r\nKeywords: social protection, social exclusion, political constraints, low-income countries', 'Armando Barrientos (2007), Introducing basic social protection in low-income countries: Lessons from existing programmes.', 'Armando Barrientos, Introducing basic social protection in low-income countries: Lessons from existing programmes(2007).', 'Armando Barrientos (2007), Introducing basic social protection in low-income countries: Lessons from existing programmes.', '01Capture.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(148, 'Cash Transfers and Social Protection', 'Stephen Devereux', '2006', 'Journals', '', 'Cash_Transfer_Devereux_Oct2006.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Social protection has risen rapidly to the top of the policy agenda for many donors, governments and NGOs in southern Africa, where cash transfers have simultaneously emerged as a preferred mechanism for delivering social protection to poor and vulnerable people. The policy debates are moving so fast, and the evidence is accumulating so rapidly, that there never seems to be an appropriate time to take stock. Nonetheless, although much more is known now than 2-3 years ago, many significant knowledge gaps still remain. Some of these unresolved issues are explored in this paper: Are cash transfers inflationary? Are cash transfers empowering or disempowering\r\nfor women? Do beneficiaries prefer food aid or cash?\r\nThe first part of this paper defines social protection as a set of responses to vulnerability, and considers whether cash transfers are an appropriate response to various sources of vulnerability. Not surprisingly, cash transfers are found to be an appropriate and effective means of mitigating some vulnerabilities, but are less effective and wholly inappropriate for addressing others. The second part of this paper asks whether cash transfers are the most appropriate response, in particular by comparing cash transfers with food transfers. We find that cash transfers have many advantages over food aid, but that there are circumstances and contexts in which food aid might be the more effective and appropriate intervention. This division separates out the nature of vulnerability from the nature of the social protection response, which is important because many interventions are designed and implemented without asking these two questions: (1) what specific source of vulnerability are we trying to mitigate? (2) what is the most appropriate social protection response to this source of vulnerability?\r\nSocial protection is a set of responses to vulnerability, but it needs to be tailored to the specific sources of vulnerability and forms that vulnerability takes. A fundamental distinction can be drawn, for instance, between ‘demographic vulnerability’ and ‘economic vulnerability’. Demographic vulnerability is idiosyncratic, and can be related to physical characteristics (e.g. disability that prevents someone from working for a living) demographic factors (e.g. households with high dependency ratios, such as ‘skip generation’ households comprising only older people caring for young children) and life cycle changes (e.g. retiring from the workforce, or needing to take maternity leave). Economic vulnerability relates to conditions in the production system (e.g. a drought that triggers harvest failure), markets (e.g. seasonal food price rises, or unaffordable fertiliser prices), and the policy environment (e.g. constraints on local or cross-border trade) that undermine the efforts of working people to achieve and sustain a viable livelihood. While many forms of economic vulnerability can be mitigated with short-term safety nets or social insurance mechanisms, demographic vulnerabilities might require permanent social welfare transfers.\r\nTwo general conclusions follow from this analysis. Firstly, the design of any social protection programme should neither be ideological (e.g. a decision to introduce cash transfer programmes as a reaction against food aid) nor driven by the availability of resources (e.g. “surplus dumping” of food aid), but by an assessment of the nature of vulnerability and an understanding of the economic environment (specifically a market analysis) and the socio-cultural context (especially a gender analysis) into which the social protection programme is to be introduced. Secondly, vulnerability can only be sustainably reduced if social protection measures are institutionalised within national governments, where citizens have enforceable claims, rather than implemented and financed at the whim of donors and international NGOs. Cash transfer pilot projects must become part of nationally owned social protection programmes. This requires citizens to mobilise to claim these rights, and it requires accountable and responsive governments.', 'Stephen Devereux (2006), Cash Transfers and Social Protection.', 'Stephen Devereux, Cash Transfers and Social Protection(2006).', 'Stephen Devereux (2006), Cash Transfers and Social Protection.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(151, 'The Effects of Receiving Cash Transfers as Adolescents on Future Outcomes', 'Sarah Baird, Ephraim Chirwa, Craig McIntosh, and Berk Özler', '2015', 'Handouts', '', 'Cash Transfers and Future Outcomes - Ozler.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'There is currently large interest in investing in adolescents, particularly adolescent girls (UNAIDS, Global Fund, Nike Foundation, WB, etc.) Simultaneously, there is an increasingly louder group of development economists advocating for unconditional cash transfers (UCTs) for poverty reduction (Blattmanand Niehaus, 2014; Kenny, 2015, etc.) The confluence of these two trends have policymakers trying to design programs that address a set of diverse issues for adolescents –programs that rely, at least in part on cash transfers (e.g. WB SP project in Zambia) But, they still have to contend with the same design issues as before –perhaps more daunting with the recent evidence on CCTs vs. UCTs (vs. LCTs). One of the important issues, at least in SSA, is that school dropout is early and is closely linked with the start of childbearing (and marriage) during adolescence. So, CCTs for schooling have to contend with the large group of non-compliers…', 'Sarah Baird, Ephraim Chirwa, Craig McIntosh, and Berk Özler (2015), The Effects of Receiving Cash Transfers as Adolescents on Future Outcomes.', 'Sarah Baird, Ephraim Chirwa, Craig McIntosh, and Berk Özler, The Effects of Receiving Cash Transfers as Adolescents on Future Outcomes(2015).', 'Sarah Baird, Ephraim Chirwa, Craig McIntosh, and Berk Özler (2015), The Effects of Receiving Cash Transfers as Adolescents on Future Outcomes.', '0001Capture.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 20, 54, 3),
(152, 'RETHINKING GOVERNANCE AND CONSTITUTIONALISM IN AFRICA: THE RELEVANCE AND VIABILITY OF SOCIAL TRUST-BASED GOVERNANCE AND CONSTITUTIONALISM IN MALAWI', 'Mwiza Jo Nkhata', '2010', 'Dissertations', '', 'Complete.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The failures of constitutionalism and good governance in Africa are well documented.\r\nImportantly, these failures have also highlighted the importance of constitutionalism and\r\ngood governance in Africa. This study centrally explores the relevance and viability of social\r\ntrust-based governance and constitutionalism in Malawi, specifically, and Africa, generally.\r\nSocial trust-based governance and constitutionalism is an approach to governance and\r\nconstitutionalism that is informed by the trust concept and is also fully mindful of local\r\nconditionalities in its operationalisation. By referring to the Constitution of Malawi and other\r\npieces of legislation in Malawi, this study demonstrates that there is a legal basis for\r\narticulating and practising social trust-based governance and constitutionalism in Malawi.\r\nThis legal basis stems primarily from sections 12 and 13 of the Constitution but is also\r\nsupported by legislation like the Corrupt Practices Act, Public Finance Management Act,\r\nPublic Procurement Act and the Public Audit Act.\r\nIn spite of the fact that there is a basis for social trust-based governance and\r\nconstitutionalism in Malawi it is evident that governance and constitutionalism in Malawi\r\nhave not, so far, been practised in line with the stipulations of the social trust-based\r\napproach. The current approach to governance and constitutionalism in Malawi is heavily\r\nsteeped in the liberal democratic tradition. In this connection, this study demonstrates the\r\nlimitations of the liberal democratic approach to governance and constitutionalism in Malawi\r\nprincipal among which is the lack of autochthony. Since the apparatus of liberal democracy\r\nhas subsequently become quite entrenched in Malawi and most African countries, it is\r\nargued that the way forward involves creating a synthesis out of liberal democracy and the\r\nnorms, traditions and values indigenous to Africa. This study identifies the philosophy of\r\nubuntu as being an important source of values and principles that can be utilised to confer\r\nsome autochthony to governance and constitutionalism in Malawi, specifically and Africa,\r\ngenerally. The approach adopted in this study concedes that neither a rigid insistence on\r\nliberal democratic constitutionalism nor a strict adherence to ubuntu-based governance and\r\nconstitutionalism can succeed in Malawi. The solution is to utilise values from both traditions\r\nin order to generate a viable approach to governance and constitutionalism.\r\nIn this study, the viability and relevance of social trust-based governance and\r\nconstitutionalism is demonstrated by reference to the relationship between the branches of\r\ngovernment, public resource management and the accountability of public functionaries and\r\ncitizenry empowerment in Malawi. This study argues that a social trust-based approach to\r\ngovernance and constitutionalism can improve the relations between the branches of government, reinvigorate public resource management and also enhance accountability of\r\npublic functionaries and empower the populace in line with the Constitution’s vision. The\r\nConstitution, as the supreme law of the land, thus remains integral to governance and\r\nconstitutionalism in Malawi.\r\nKeywords: Governance, constitutionalism, democracy, ubuntu, public resource\r\nmanagement, trust, fiduciary obligations, public functionaries, accountability, participation.', 'Mwiza Jo Nkhata (2010), RETHINKING GOVERNANCE AND CONSTITUTIONALISM IN AFRICA: THE RELEVANCE AND VIABILITY OF SOCIAL TRUST-BASED GOVERNANCE AND CONSTITUTIONALISM IN MALAWI.', 'Mwiza Jo Nkhata, RETHINKING GOVERNANCE AND CONSTITUTIONALISM IN AFRICA: THE RELEVANCE AND VIABILITY OF SOCIAL TRUST-BASED GOVERNANCE AND CONSTITUTIONALISM IN MALAWI(2010).', 'Mwiza Jo Nkhata (2010), RETHINKING GOVERNANCE AND CONSTITUTIONALISM IN AFRICA: THE RELEVANCE AND VIABILITY OF SOCIAL TRUST-BASED GOVERNANCE AND CONSTITUTIONALISM IN MALAWI.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 17, 46, 3),
(153, 'Conceptualising empowerment and the implications for pro poor growth A paper for the DAC Poverty Network', 'Rosalind Eyben, Naila Kabeer and Andrea Cornwall', '2008', 'Public Reports', '', 'Conceptualising Empowerment Cornwall et al.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper proposes a framework for how empowerment can be conceptually understood and operationally explored. It makes recommendations for forthcoming areas of work within the POVNET Work Programme on empowering poor women and men to participate in, contribute to and benefit from growth. The full Terms of Reference are in Annex B. In responding to our terms of reference the authors have sought to introduce ideas and evidence from latest publications on this theme, combined with findings from our own research. We understand empowerment happens when individuals and organised groups are able to imagine their world differently and to realise that vision by changing the relations of power that have been keeping them in poverty. The implications of this understanding can be explored through the different facets of „social\", „economic\" and „political\". These are conceptual tools for identifying complex and mutually dependent processes that development actors can support and facilitate for achieving pro-poor growth. We pay particular attention to „economic empowerment\" as an entry point because of the considerable research that POVNET can draw upon to synthesise and disseminate what has been learnt about how changes in one sphere of relations – for example in relation to financial institutions enabling people to procure loans - may not necessarily trigger changes in another sphere such as in local politics or within the household. Without such broader processes of change, changes in just this one sphere may be easily reversible. Donors can play a useful role in helping design such interventions so they may have a helpful multiplier effect in other social and political spheres leading to pro-poor growth. Empowerment – „power within\" and „power with\" – generates collective action for reducing societal inequities, securing more equitable access to labour, land and financial markets and the development of more responsive and accountable state institutions. These in turn contribute to further processes of empowerment, for example through strengthening the conditions for a productive population by delivering public services that connect to people\"s needs and wishes, through legal changes to social and political status and through social protection measures – all of which shape patterns of growth that are inclusive and equitable, with the potential for creating a virtuous cycle of empowerment with higher state revenues from a skilled, taxpaying workforce that has an investment in the society it is helping shape rather than being shaped by.', 'Rosalind Eyben, Naila Kabeer and Andrea Cornwall (2008), Conceptualising empowerment and the implications for pro poor growth A paper for the DAC Poverty Network.', 'Rosalind Eyben, Naila Kabeer and Andrea Cornwall, Conceptualising empowerment and the implications for pro poor growth A paper for the DAC Poverty Network(2008).', 'Rosalind Eyben, Naila Kabeer and Andrea Cornwall (2008), Conceptualising empowerment and the implications for pro poor growth A paper for the DAC Poverty Network.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(154, 'Criteria and Processes for Identifying the Poor as Beneficiaries of Programs in Developing Countries', 'Florence Morestin, Patricia Grant & Valéry Ridde', '2009', 'Journals', '', 'Criteria_and_Processes_for_Identifying_the_Poor_as.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Since the 1980s, most developing countries have adopted a policy of user fees for health care services. Such\r\npolicies, however, reduce access to services for those unable to pay. A variety of options have been explored to\r\nmitigate this negative effect, and these are the subject of three policy briefs that complement this one. One option\r\nis to eliminate this type of policy by abolishing health services user fees altogether. Other options consist of leaving\r\nuser fees in place but developing mechanisms to shelter the poor from their negative effects: exempting the poorest\r\nfrom user fees (with or without health equity funds); developing health insurance that includes special measures for\r\nthe poor. In this case, it becomes necessary to identify the poor who are eligible for such initiatives.\r\nHowever, in a context of widespread poverty, determining who really is poor can be a challenge. Numerous exemption\r\nexperiences have had ambivalent results in terms of access to services for the poorest. Many evaluations of these\r\nexperiences have noted a lack of clarity in the criteria and processes used to identify the poor.\r\nWhat is the best way to operationalise identification of the poor? This information brief describes how identification\r\nprocesses were carried out in several developing countries, focusing on four aspects: processes for defining\r\nidentification criteria; the identification criteria used; processes for identifying the poor; and the effectiveness of the\r\nidentification, i.e., the capacity to actually distinguish the poor from the others.', 'Florence Morestin, Patricia Grant & Valéry Ridde (2009), Criteria and Processes for Identifying the Poor as Beneficiaries of Programs in Developing Countries.', 'Florence Morestin, Patricia Grant & Valéry Ridde, Criteria and Processes for Identifying the Poor as Beneficiaries of Programs in Developing Countries(2009).', 'Florence Morestin, Patricia Grant & Valéry Ridde (2009), Criteria and Processes for Identifying the Poor as Beneficiaries of Programs in Developing Countries.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3);
INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(155, 'We Will Still Live- Confronting Stigma and Discrimination Against Women Living with HIV/AIDS in Malawi', 'Chi Mgbako, Jeanmarie Fenrich and Tracy E. Higgins', 'Unknown', 'Journals', '', 'CRMALAWI07.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Worldwide, 60% of new HIV transmissions are to women.1 This is most evident\r\nin sub-Saharan Africa, home to three quarters of all HIV-positive women 15\r\nyears and older.2 Women and girls in Africa make up 59% of adults and 75% of\r\nyoung people between the ages of 15 and 24 living with HIV/AIDS.3 Internationally,\r\nthe annual female AIDS death toll is projected to rise to almost 1.9 million\r\nby 2015, eclipsing the male death toll by over 23%.4', 'Chi Mgbako, Jeanmarie Fenrich and Tracy E. Higgins (Unknown), We Will Still Live- Confronting Stigma and Discrimination Against Women Living with HIV/AIDS in Malawi.', 'Chi Mgbako, Jeanmarie Fenrich and Tracy E. Higgins, We Will Still Live- Confronting Stigma and Discrimination Against Women Living with HIV/AIDS in Malawi(Unknown).', 'Chi Mgbako, Jeanmarie Fenrich and Tracy E. Higgins (Unknown), We Will Still Live- Confronting Stigma and Discrimination Against Women Living with HIV/AIDS in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(156, 'Savings Defaults and Payment Delays for Cash Transfers: Field Experimental Evidence from Malawi', 'Lasse Brune, Xavier Gine, Jessica Goldberg, and Dean Yang', '2017', 'Journals', '', 'DDCS.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Financial products and transfer schemes are typically designed to improve welfare\r\nby helping individuals follow through on their intertemporal plans. We implement an\r\nartefactual field experiment in Malawi to test the ability of households to manage a cash\r\nwindfall by varying whether 474 households receive a payment in cash or through direct\r\ndeposit into pre-established accounts at a local bank. Payments are made immediately,\r\nwith one day delay, or with eight days delay. Defaulting the payments into savings\r\naccounts leads to higher net deposits into bank accounts, an effect that persists for\r\na number of weeks afterwards. However, neither savings defaults nor payment delays\r\naffect the amount or composition of spending, suggesting that households manage cash effectively without the use of formal financial products.', 'Lasse Brune, Xavier Gine, Jessica Goldberg, and Dean Yang (2017), Savings Defaults and Payment Delays for Cash Transfers: Field Experimental Evidence from Malawi.', 'Lasse Brune, Xavier Gine, Jessica Goldberg, and Dean Yang, Savings Defaults and Payment Delays for Cash Transfers: Field Experimental Evidence from Malawi(2017).', 'Lasse Brune, Xavier Gine, Jessica Goldberg, and Dean Yang (2017), Savings Defaults and Payment Delays for Cash Transfers: Field Experimental Evidence from Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(157, 'The Political Economy of Cash Transfers: A Comparative Analysis of Latin American and Sub-Saharan African Experiences', 'Margherita Scarlato Giorgio d’Agostino', '2016', 'Journals', '', 'DP_6.2016.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper compares the consolidated experience of conditional cash transfers in Latin\r\nAmerica with a variety of models of cash transfers in middle- and low-income countries in\r\nsub-Saharan Africa. We review the recent literature with the aim to highlight the\r\nunderlying political economy factors that have underpinned the emergence and scaling-up\r\nof various kinds of social protection strategies in the two regions. From this review, some\r\nimplications and policy suggestions are drawn regarding the opportunities and challenges\r\nfor cash transfers in the future.\r\nJEL code: I38, O54, O55\r\nAnti-poverty policy, Latin America, Africa, Comparative studies', 'Margherita Scarlato Giorgio d’Agostino (2016), The Political Economy of Cash Transfers: A Comparative Analysis of Latin American and Sub-Saharan African Experiences.', 'Margherita Scarlato Giorgio d’Agostino, The Political Economy of Cash Transfers: A Comparative Analysis of Latin American and Sub-Saharan African Experiences(2016).', 'Margherita Scarlato Giorgio d’Agostino (2016), The Political Economy of Cash Transfers: A Comparative Analysis of Latin American and Sub-Saharan African Experiences.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(158, 'Refugee Status Determination and Rights in Malawi', 'Levi Duma Mvula', 'Unknown', 'Handouts', '', 'dp-rsd-malawi-2010.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Malawi has been both a producer and recipient of refugees from its neighbours in the last\r\nthree decades. In the early 1960s and 1970s, followers of the Jehova’s witness religion were\r\nforced to flee the country, mostly into Zambia after their religious beliefs clashed with the\r\nruling Malawi Congress Party ideologies. Scores of people also left Malawi fleeing political\r\npersecution to neighbouring countries during the same period of one party rule under the\r\nMalawi Congress Party. On the other hand, Malawi has been receiving refugees from\r\nMozambique, initially during the struggle against Portuguese colonial rule, and hosted over\r\none million Mozambican refugees between the 1980s and early 1990s when the Frelimo\r\ngovernment and Renamo opposition movement were engaged in a highly destructive civil\r\nwar.1 The influx of Mozambican refugees is believed to have forced Malawi to rush the\r\nprocess of ratifying the relevant international refugee instruments as well as drafting the\r\nRefugee Act, which came into force in 1989. Currently, Malawi continues to receive\r\nrefugees, mainly from the Great Lakes region and the horn of Africa, and issues of refugee\r\nrights which were relevant during that period when it hosted over a million refugees remain\r\nimportant.\r\nThis paper highlights the situation of refugee rights in Malawi, including the refugee status\r\ndetermination (RSD) mechanisms and process. The first part of the paper presents an\r\nintroduction including country background and a brief overview of the legal system. Section\r\ntwo focuses on the refugee conventions and international human rights instruments that\r\nMalawi has ratified. The section also discusses the impact of international law on the\r\ndomestic legal system. The domestic refugee framework is discussed in full detail in section\r\nthree. The section highlights the provisions of the 1989 Refugee Act as well as RSD\r\nmechanisms. It also discusses the impact of reservations to international instruments and the\r\noutdated Refugee Act on the enjoyment of rights by people who seek protection in Malawi.\r\nSection four submits recommendations and conclusions.', 'Levi Duma Mvula (Unknown), Refugee Status Determination and Rights in Malawi.', 'Levi Duma Mvula, Refugee Status Determination and Rights in Malawi(Unknown).', 'Levi Duma Mvula (Unknown), Refugee Status Determination and Rights in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 24, 57, 3),
(159, 'Promoting Agriculture for Social Protection or Social Protection for Agriculture: Strategic Policy and Research Issues', 'Andrew Dorward, Rachel Sabates Wheeler, Ian MacAuslan, Chris Penrose Buckley, Jonathan Kydd, Ephraim Chirwa', '2006', 'Corporate Reports', '', 'FAC_Discussion_Paper_No4.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'It is increasingly recognised that agriculture must play\r\na role in pro-poor economic growth in countries with\r\nlarge, poor rural sectors. There is also a major focus on\r\nsocial protection interventions to address risks and insecurity\r\naffecting poor people. However current policy\r\ndebate and formulation makes only limited attempts to\r\nintegrate agricultural and social protection policies. This\r\npaper outlines significant paradigm shifts in policies\r\naffecting both these fields and highlights pertinent issues\r\narising from interactions between agricultural and social\r\nprotection policies.\r\nThe paper begins by setting out the sources and effects\r\nof stress in rural people’s livelihoods, and their responses\r\nto stress. Poor rural people’s livelihoods are complex,\r\ndiverse and risk prone with inherent seasonal instability.\r\nVulnerability not only affects people’s welfare, it also\r\nreduces growth, directly by destroying assets, and indirectly\r\nas the threat of shocks and stresses diverts assets\r\nfrom more productive activities to those that reduce\r\nvulnerability. These responses involve removal of, resistance\r\nto, recovery from and relief from stresses. These\r\nresponses are nested within three broader livelihoods\r\nstrategies which people adopt (often together) to survive\r\nand to advance their welfare:\r\n•• ‘Hanging-in’, where activities are undertaken to maintain\r\nlivelihood levels at a ‘survival’ level;\r\n•• ‘Stepping-up’, where investments are made in existing\r\nactivities to increase their returns; and\r\n•• ‘Stepping-out’, where existing activities are engaged\r\nin to accumulate assets as a basis for investment in\r\nalternative, higher-return livelihood activities.\r\nDevelopment normally involves shifts in emphasis in\r\npeople’s livelihoods, from hanging in (through low risk\r\n/low return subsistence activities) to stepping up (in\r\nhigher risk / higher return commercial agricultural activities)\r\nto stepping out (from agriculture to higher return\r\nnon-farm and often urban activities). Social protection\r\nand agricultural development policies should support\r\nthis progression, but means of support should change\r\nwith structural changes in livelihoods and in rural economies.', 'Andrew Dorward, Rachel Sabates Wheeler, Ian MacAuslan, Chris Penrose Buckley, Jonathan Kydd, Ephraim Chirwa (2006), Promoting Agriculture for Social Protection or Social Protection for Agriculture: Strategic Policy and Research Issues.', 'Andrew Dorward, Rachel Sabates Wheeler, Ian MacAuslan, Chris Penrose Buckley, Jonathan Kydd, Ephraim Chirwa, Promoting Agriculture for Social Protection or Social Protection for Agriculture: Strategic Policy and Research Issues(2006).', 'Andrew Dorward, Rachel Sabates Wheeler, Ian MacAuslan, Chris Penrose Buckley, Jonathan Kydd, Ephraim Chirwa (2006), Promoting Agriculture for Social Protection or Social Protection for Agriculture: Strategic Policy and Research Issues.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 26, 3),
(160, 'Promoting Agriculture for Social Protection or Social Protection for Agriculture: Strategic Policy and Research Issues', 'Andrew Dorward, Rachel Sabates Wheeler, Ian MacAuslan, Chris Penrose Buckley, Jonathan Kydd, Ephraim Chirwa', '2006', 'Corporate Reports', '', 'FAC_Discussion_Paper_No4.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'It is increasingly recognised that agriculture must play\r\na role in pro-poor economic growth in countries with\r\nlarge, poor rural sectors. There is also a major focus on\r\nsocial protection interventions to address risks and insecurity\r\naffecting poor people. However current policy\r\ndebate and formulation makes only limited attempts to\r\nintegrate agricultural and social protection policies. This\r\npaper outlines significant paradigm shifts in policies\r\naffecting both these fields and highlights pertinent issues\r\narising from interactions between agricultural and social\r\nprotection policies.\r\nThe paper begins by setting out the sources and effects\r\nof stress in rural people’s livelihoods, and their responses\r\nto stress. Poor rural people’s livelihoods are complex,\r\ndiverse and risk prone with inherent seasonal instability.\r\nVulnerability not only affects people’s welfare, it also\r\nreduces growth, directly by destroying assets, and indirectly\r\nas the threat of shocks and stresses diverts assets\r\nfrom more productive activities to those that reduce\r\nvulnerability. These responses involve removal of, resistance\r\nto, recovery from and relief from stresses. These\r\nresponses are nested within three broader livelihoods\r\nstrategies which people adopt (often together) to survive\r\nand to advance their welfare:\r\n•• ‘Hanging-in’, where activities are undertaken to maintain\r\nlivelihood levels at a ‘survival’ level;\r\n•• ‘Stepping-up’, where investments are made in existing\r\nactivities to increase their returns; and\r\n•• ‘Stepping-out’, where existing activities are engaged\r\nin to accumulate assets as a basis for investment in\r\nalternative, higher-return livelihood activities.\r\nDevelopment normally involves shifts in emphasis in\r\npeople’s livelihoods, from hanging in (through low risk\r\n/low return subsistence activities) to stepping up (in\r\nhigher risk / higher return commercial agricultural activities)\r\nto stepping out (from agriculture to higher return\r\nnon-farm and often urban activities). Social protection\r\nand agricultural development policies should support\r\nthis progression, but means of support should change\r\nwith structural changes in livelihoods and in rural economies.', 'Andrew Dorward, Rachel Sabates Wheeler, Ian MacAuslan, Chris Penrose Buckley, Jonathan Kydd, Ephraim Chirwa (2006), Promoting Agriculture for Social Protection or Social Protection for Agriculture: Strategic Policy and Research Issues.', 'Andrew Dorward, Rachel Sabates Wheeler, Ian MacAuslan, Chris Penrose Buckley, Jonathan Kydd, Ephraim Chirwa, Promoting Agriculture for Social Protection or Social Protection for Agriculture: Strategic Policy and Research Issues(2006).', 'Andrew Dorward, Rachel Sabates Wheeler, Ian MacAuslan, Chris Penrose Buckley, Jonathan Kydd, Ephraim Chirwa (2006), Promoting Agriculture for Social Protection or Social Protection for Agriculture: Strategic Policy and Research Issues.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 32, 3),
(161, 'Conceptualising Graduation from Agricultural Input Subsidies in Malawi', 'Ephraim W. Chirwa, Andrew Dor ward and Mirriam Matita', '2011', 'Journals', '', 'FAC_Working_Paper_029.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The government of Malawi has been implementing\r\na large-scale Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP) since\r\n2005/06 as an intervention aimed at improving food\r\nsecurity by addressing resource poor smallholder farmers’\r\naffordability constraints in purchasing inorganic fertilizers.\r\nHowever, in the design of the programme, there is lack\r\nof articulation on the graduation of some farmers from\r\nthe subsidy over time. This paper considers ways in which\r\nthe concept of graduation may be usefully applied to\r\nthe FISP and sets out a broad conceptualisation of\r\ngraduation for potential application in programme\r\ndesign and implementation.', 'Ephraim W. Chirwa, Andrew Dor ward and Mirriam Matita (2011), Conceptualising Graduation from Agricultural Input Subsidies in Malawi.', 'Ephraim W. Chirwa, Andrew Dor ward and Mirriam Matita, Conceptualising Graduation from Agricultural Input Subsidies in Malawi(2011).', 'Ephraim W. Chirwa, Andrew Dor ward and Mirriam Matita (2011), Conceptualising Graduation from Agricultural Input Subsidies in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(162, 'Linking social protection and support to small farmer development Malawi Case Study A paper commissioned by FAO', 'Andrew Dorward, Bruce Guenther , Rachel Sabates Wheeler', '2008', 'Journals', '', 'FAO_2008_-_Social_Protection__Study_Case_Malawi.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper reviews social protection and agriculture policies in Malawi in order to explore the links, synergies and conflicts that lie between them. It begins with brief background information about Malawi, in terms of its economic and welfare indicators. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding agricultural and social protection policies within the context of (a) political issues and (b) market and livelihood development. This is followed with a review of agricultural and social protection policies, their interactions and their impacts on livelihoods and welfare. Specific attention is given to evolving input subsidy policies which are of particular relevance to this review. We conclude with a discussion of lessons that can be learned from Malawian experience with agriculture and social protection.', 'Andrew Dorward, Bruce Guenther , Rachel Sabates Wheeler (2008), Linking social protection and support to small farmer development Malawi Case Study A paper commissioned by FAO.', 'Andrew Dorward, Bruce Guenther , Rachel Sabates Wheeler, Linking social protection and support to small farmer development Malawi Case Study A paper commissioned by FAO(2008).', 'Andrew Dorward, Bruce Guenther , Rachel Sabates Wheeler (2008), Linking social protection and support to small farmer development Malawi Case Study A paper commissioned by FAO.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(163, 'Preventive Medicine: PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF BCG AGAINST LEPROSY IN NORTHERN MALAWI', 'P. E. M. FINE,  N. MAINE, J. M. PONNIGHAUS,  J. A. CLARKSON and L. BLISS', '1986', 'Journals', '', 'FineEtAlBCGleprosy.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The effectiveness of a BCG vaccination\r\nprogramme in protecting against leprosy\r\nwas assessed by case-control and cohort analyses of data\r\nfrom the Lepra Evaluation Project in Karonga District,\r\nNorthern Malawi. Results indicate that BCG provides at\r\nleast 50% protection against leprosy in this population and\r\nthat protection is independent of age, sex, schooling status,\r\nor location within the project area. Agreement between\r\nthese findings and those from a controlled trial in Uganda\r\nindicates that BCG is sufficiently effective against leprosy in\r\nEast and Central Africa to be considered an important\r\nelement of leprosy control in that region.', 'P. E. M. FINE,  N. MAINE, J. M. PONNIGHAUS,  J. A. CLARKSON and L. BLISS (1986), Preventive Medicine: PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF BCG AGAINST LEPROSY IN NORTHERN MALAWI.', 'P. E. M. FINE,  N. MAINE, J. M. PONNIGHAUS,  J. A. CLARKSON and L. BLISS, Preventive Medicine: PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF BCG AGAINST LEPROSY IN NORTHERN MALAWI(1986).', 'P. E. M. FINE,  N. MAINE, J. M. PONNIGHAUS,  J. A. CLARKSON and L. BLISS (1986), Preventive Medicine: PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF BCG AGAINST LEPROSY IN NORTHERN MALAWI.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(164, 'FRONTIERS OF SOCIAL PROTECTION BRIEF', 'Katharine Vincent', '2010', 'Public Reports', '', 'FOSP-BRIEF-3-Web.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '(1) The electronic delivery of cash can be achieved through\r\na variety of mechanisms - debit card, smart card or\r\ncellphone, using a range of financial infrastructure -\r\nbanks, automated teller machines (ATMs) and point of- sale (POS) devices. This brief outlines recent\r\nexperiences from across Africa, with a focus on Kenya,\r\nMalawi, Namibia and Swaziland.\r\n(2) The benefits of electronic delivery systems to both\r\ngovernments and recipients are well known in terms\r\nof improved cost efficiency and flexibility of access, so\r\nthis brief emphasises issues that are relevant to private\r\nsector partners, who are vital to the introduction of\r\nsuch systems.\r\n(3) The rapid penetration of cellphones in Africa, including\r\nboth signal coverage and handset ownership,\r\nmakes distribution of cash transfers by cellphone an\r\nincreasingly viable proposition, as shown in Kenya\r\nthrough the M-PESA mechanism. Additionally the\r\navailability of cellphone signal has been instrumental\r\nin facilitating use of offline smart cards for electronic\r\ndelivery of cash transfers in Malawi and Namibia.\r\n(4) The growth of financial infrastructure and opportunity\r\nfor banks to increase their market share has increased\r\nthe favourability with which banks view potential\r\nparticipation in government-to-person cash transfers.\r\nEvidence from Malawi and Swaziland shows that\r\ncash transfer recipients who are provided with bank\r\naccounts to receive their cash transfers tend to then\r\nuse them to save money and to receive person-to person\r\ntransfers (e.g. remittances) – thus making\r\nfurther use of financial infrastructure and services.', 'Katharine Vincent (2010), FRONTIERS OF SOCIAL PROTECTION BRIEF.', 'Katharine Vincent, FRONTIERS OF SOCIAL PROTECTION BRIEF(2010).', 'Katharine Vincent (2010), FRONTIERS OF SOCIAL PROTECTION BRIEF.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(165, 'Gender, Globalization and New Threats to Human Security', 'Sakiko Fukuda-Parr', '2004', 'Journals', '', 'Gender-Globalization-and-New-Threats-to-Human-Security.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The impact of globalization—including its gender impact—should be assessed\r\nfrom a human security perspective. The concept of human security provides a\r\nuseful framework for evaluating globalization’s affect on people, especially its\r\ngender dimensions. Human security goes beyond concepts of poverty, inequality\r\nand human rights, and emphasizes the downside risks or changes in the level of\r\nhuman well-being due to sudden changes that threaten the vital core of human\r\nlives. Globalization is a process that creates instabilities and can heighten many\r\nrisks. Women are particularly vulnerable to these new threats. Addressing these\r\nthreats requires international action and an initiative that sets an agenda for\r\naddressing new global threats with a gender perspective.', 'Sakiko Fukuda-Parr (2004), Gender, Globalization and New Threats to Human Security.', 'Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, Gender, Globalization and New Threats to Human Security(2004).', 'Sakiko Fukuda-Parr (2004), Gender, Globalization and New Threats to Human Security.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(166, 'HOW PARTICIPATORY IS PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL FUNDS? AN ANALYSIS OF THREE CASE STUDIES FROM THE MALAWI SOCIAL ACTION FUND, (MASAF).', 'Boniface Dulani', 'Unknown', 'Public Reports', '', 'how participatory is participation_dulani.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Community participation in development projects has recently emerged as one of the\r\ndominant approaches to poverty reduction strategies2. One of the increasingly popular\r\nanti-poverty instruments to emerge in recent years which prides itself for embracing\r\nthe virtues of community participation has been Social Funds (SFs). In one most\r\nrecent review of this new anti-poverty instrument, community participation is singled\r\nout as a major factor explaining the ‘success’ of SFs, and refutes the doubts about\r\ntheir ability to reach the poor, both at the geographical and household levels\r\n(Rawlings et al., 2001).\r\nHowever, demand-driven mechanisms like SFs that rely on communities to define\r\ninvestment priorities and implement them have been questioned regarding their ability\r\nto represent the views of, and reach, the poor, particularly the poorest of the poor. As\r\nsuch, despite their community participation rhetoric, SFs, like other similar demanddriven\r\nprogrammes, might not work well in environments with disparities in power,\r\nand may possibly be detrimental to poor communities. Further questions have also\r\nbeen asked about how demand-driven SFs are in reality, both in terms of the\r\nparticipatory aspects and outcomes of community consultations (Devereux, 2002).', 'Boniface Dulani (Unknown), HOW PARTICIPATORY IS PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL FUNDS? AN ANALYSIS OF THREE CASE STUDIES FROM THE MALAWI SOCIAL ACTION FUND, (MASAF)..', 'Boniface Dulani, HOW PARTICIPATORY IS PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL FUNDS? AN ANALYSIS OF THREE CASE STUDIES FROM THE MALAWI SOCIAL ACTION FUND, (MASAF).(Unknown).', 'Boniface Dulani (Unknown), HOW PARTICIPATORY IS PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL FUNDS? AN ANALYSIS OF THREE CASE STUDIES FROM THE MALAWI SOCIAL ACTION FUND, (MASAF)..', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(167, 'Assessing the Competitiveness of Groundnut Production in Malawi: A Policy Analysis Matrix Approach', 'Abiba Longwe-Ngwira , Franklin Simtowe , and Moses Siambi', '2012', 'Journals', '', 'IAAE_Brazil_18-24,AUG-2012_Gnut_Competitiveness_Malawi.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Groundnut is an important component of the national food supply. It does not only have nutritional and dietary value, groundnut also provides cash to farmers; enrich the soil with nitrogen through biological nitrogen fixation; and its haulms can be used as fodder and fuel.\r\nGroundnut production has not kept up with the demands both local and export markets especially in terms of volumes over time. This has been in part due to low average yields resulting from continuous use of unimproved seed. In turn Malawi’s groundnut exports have also generally dwindled over time.\r\nThe analysis of Malawian groundnut production using the Policy Analysis Matrix methodology shows that both traditional and improved technology groundnut production are both privately and socially profitable. This leads to the conclusion that protectionist policies that would raise domestic groundnut prices above the import parity prices determined in world markets are unnecessary.\r\nHowever, investments in improved technology show profits that are greater than traditional technology. These are likely to be areas in which government investments would yield a significant rate of return and reduce dependence on world markets. In addition to investments in improved seed technology, government should also invest in improved technologies for post harvest handling.', 'Abiba Longwe-Ngwira , Franklin Simtowe , and Moses Siambi (2012), Assessing the Competitiveness of Groundnut Production in Malawi: A Policy Analysis Matrix Approach.', 'Abiba Longwe-Ngwira , Franklin Simtowe , and Moses Siambi, Assessing the Competitiveness of Groundnut Production in Malawi: A Policy Analysis Matrix Approach(2012).', 'Abiba Longwe-Ngwira , Franklin Simtowe , and Moses Siambi (2012), Assessing the Competitiveness of Groundnut Production in Malawi: A Policy Analysis Matrix Approach.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(168, 'Do Fertilizer Subsidies Affect the Demand for Commercial Fertilizer? An Example from Malawi.', 'Jacob Ricker‐Gilbert and Jayne', '2009', 'Public Reports', '', 'IAAE_ref679_JRG_revised.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Food production is the major income component for the vast majority of rural African\r\nhouseholds, so increasing yields is essential for reducing poverty and improving\r\nlivelihoods. There is widespread agreement that increased use of fertilizer and other\r\nproductivity‐enhancing inputs is a precondition for rural productivity growth and\r\npoverty reduction. While the benefits of using fertilizer are widely known, in 2002\r\nfertilizer use in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) stood at just 8 kg/ha compared to 78 kg/ha in\r\nLatin America and 101 kg/ha in South Asia (Morris et al. 2007). In an attempt to boost\r\nyields and food supplies, several African countries have re‐introduced fertilizer subsidies\r\nafter phasing them out in the 1990’s. While the rationale of fertilizer subsidy programs\r\nis to raise fertilizer use and food production, these programs are often implemented\r\nwithout any empirical evidence of their impacts. The economics of subsidies not only\r\ndepends on crop/fertilizer response rates, crop prices, and fertilizer prices, but also on\r\nthe extent to which they increase total fertilizer use.', 'Jacob Ricker‐Gilbert and Jayne (2009), Do Fertilizer Subsidies Affect the Demand for Commercial Fertilizer? An Example from Malawi..', 'Jacob Ricker‐Gilbert and Jayne, Do Fertilizer Subsidies Affect the Demand for Commercial Fertilizer? An Example from Malawi.(2009).', 'Jacob Ricker‐Gilbert and Jayne (2009), Do Fertilizer Subsidies Affect the Demand for Commercial Fertilizer? An Example from Malawi..', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(169, 'Superfluous, Pernicious, Atrocious and Abominable? The Case Against Conditional Cash Transfers ', 'Nicholas Freeland', '2007', 'Journals', '', 'IDSB_38_3_10.1111-j.1759-5436.2007.tb00382.x.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'In 1792, the first consumer boycott was organised to\r\nprotest against the inhumane treatment of slaves in\r\nthe production of sugar in the West Indies. In his\r\ncomic novel of the time, Melincourt, Thomas Love\r\nPeacock (1817) wrote of the trade in sugar that it was\r\n‘economically superfluous, physically pernicious,\r\nmorally atrocious and politically abominable’. Much\r\nthe same could be said of ‘Conditional Cash Transfers’\r\n(CCTs) today.', 'Nicholas Freeland (2007), Superfluous, Pernicious, Atrocious and Abominable? The Case Against Conditional Cash Transfers .', 'Nicholas Freeland, Superfluous, Pernicious, Atrocious and Abominable? The Case Against Conditional Cash Transfers (2007).', 'Nicholas Freeland (2007), Superfluous, Pernicious, Atrocious and Abominable? The Case Against Conditional Cash Transfers .', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(170, 'An Analysis of the Extent of Social Inclusion and Equity Consideration in Malawi’s National HIV and AIDS Policy Review Process', 'Mathews Junior Chinyama, Malcolm MacLachlan, Joanne McVeigh, Tessy Huss, Sylvester Gawamadzi', '2017', 'Journals', '', 'IJHPM_Volume 7_Issue 4_Pages 297-307.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: Equity and social inclusion for vulnerable groups in policy development processes and resulting documents remain a challenge globally. Most often, the marginalization of vulnerable groups is overlooked in both the planning and practice of health service delivery. Such marginalization may occur because authorities deem the targeting of those who already have better access to healthcare a cheaper and easier way to achieve short-term health gains. The Government of Malawi wishes to achieve an equitable and inclusive HIV and AIDS Policy. The aim of this study is to assess the extent to which the Malawi Policy review process addressed regional and international health priorities of equity and social inclusion for vulnerable groups in the policy content and policy revision process.\r\nMethods: This research design comprised two phases. First, the content of the Malawi HIV and AIDS Policy was assessed using EquiFrame regarding its coverage of 21 Core Concepts of human rights and inclusion of 12 Vulnerable Groups. Second, the engagement of vulnerable groups in the policy process was assessed using the EquIPP matrix. For the latter, 10 interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of representatives of public sector, civil society organizations and development partners who participated in the policy revision process. Data was also collected from documented information of the policy processes.\r\nResults: Our analyses indicated that the Malawi HIV and AIDS Policy had a relatively high coverage of Core Concepts of human rights and Vulnerable Groups; although with some notable omissions. The analyses also found that reasonable steps were taken to engage and promote participation of vulnerable groups in the planning, development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation processes of the HIV and AIDS Policy, although again, with some notable exceptions. This is the first study to use both EquiFrame and EquIPP as complimentary tools to assess the content and process of policy.\r\nConclusion: While the findings indicate inclusive processes, commitment to Core Concepts of human rights and inclusion of Vulnerable Groups in relation to the Malawi HIV and AIDS Policy, the results also point to areas in which social inclusion and equity could be further strengthened.\r\nKeywords: EquiFrame, EquIPP, Equity, Social Inclusion, Vulnerable Groups, Human Rights Core Concepts\r\nCopyright: © 2018 The Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.\r\nCitation: Chinyama MJ, MacLachlan M, McVeigh J, Huss T, Gawamadzi S. An analysis of the extent of social inclusion and equity consideration in Malawi’s National HIV and AIDS policy review process. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2018;7(4):297–307. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.87', 'Mathews Junior Chinyama, Malcolm MacLachlan, Joanne McVeigh, Tessy Huss, Sylvester Gawamadzi (2017), An Analysis of the Extent of Social Inclusion and Equity Consideration in Malawi’s National HIV and AIDS Policy Review Process.', 'Mathews Junior Chinyama, Malcolm MacLachlan, Joanne McVeigh, Tessy Huss, Sylvester Gawamadzi, An Analysis of the Extent of Social Inclusion and Equity Consideration in Malawi’s National HIV and AIDS Policy Review Process(2017).', 'Mathews Junior Chinyama, Malcolm MacLachlan, Joanne McVeigh, Tessy Huss, Sylvester Gawamadzi (2017), An Analysis of the Extent of Social Inclusion and Equity Consideration in Malawi’s National HIV and AIDS Policy Review Process.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(171, 'Impacts of social cash transfers: Case study evidence from across southern Africa', 'Katharine Vincent and Tracy Cull', '2009', 'Journals', '', 'Impacts-of-social-cash-transfers-Case-study-evidence-from-across-southern-Africa.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'There is increasing interest in social protection programmes as a means of reducing poverty and\r\nvulnerability. Social cash transfers form a part of social protection programmes, and many have\r\nbeen piloted and/or introduced around southern Africa. Evidence from impact evaluations shows\r\nthat, in addition to promoting food security, social cash transfers have additional beneficial\r\neffects. These are wide ranging and extend beyond the direct recipient of the transfer to the\r\nwider family. For the recipient, there is evidence to suggest that cash transfers promote self\r\nesteem, social status and empowerment. They also improve food security and nutritional status,\r\nnot just for the transfer recipient, but also for other household members. Receipt of cash also\r\nreduces absolute poverty and narrows the poverty gap, promoting equity; and also provides\r\nnecessary capital to allow beneficiaries to participate in other social services, including healthcare\r\nand education. This paper outlines empirical evidence for the impacts of cash transfers in\r\nsouthern Africa, based on an extensive literature review and primary evidence assessing 20 social\r\ntransfer programmes in Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe,\r\nwhich was gathered between 2005-2008 under the Regional Evidence Building Agenda of the\r\nRegional Hunger and Vulnerability Programme.', 'Katharine Vincent and Tracy Cull (2009), Impacts of social cash transfers: Case study evidence from across southern Africa.', 'Katharine Vincent and Tracy Cull, Impacts of social cash transfers: Case study evidence from across southern Africa(2009).', 'Katharine Vincent and Tracy Cull (2009), Impacts of social cash transfers: Case study evidence from across southern Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(172, 'The Integrity Survey Report : An Integrity Assessment Report For The Directorate of Road Traffic and Safety Services (DRTSS) And The Immigration and Citizenship Services (ICS)', 'Reyneck Matemba and Mercy Kanyuka (Mrs)and ', '2019', 'Government Reports', '', 'Integrity-Assessment-Report.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB), herein referred as the ‘Bureau’, in joint collaboration with National Statistical Office (NSO) implemented the 2017-2018 Integrity survey1 under pilot phase. The Integrity survey2 is a concept hinged on measuring integrity of specific institutions under scrutiny. Transparency International (2009) defines integrity as the behaviours and actions consistent with a set of moral or ethical principles and standards, embraced by individuals as well as institutions that create a barrier to corruption. As for this study, integrity is defined as stakeholders’ perceptions and experiences about the degree to which public officials distance themselves from corruption and bribery (Anti-Corruption & Civil Rights Commission, 2007).\r\nThe Pilot Phase survey targeted two public institutions namely: Immigration and Citizenship Services (ICS) and Directorate of Road Traffic and Safety Services (DRTSS).\r\nThrough this report, ICS and DRTSS should be able to understand their level of integrity from the spectrum of perceived and potential integrity. These Departments are expected to work towards improving and enhancing their services through systematic correction and other engagements to embrace a meaningful change.\r\nThe report is also expected to provide the Bureau3 and the Government with reliable information on the conditions of service delivery and the prevalence of corruption in the country, as it is based on the first-hand experience of corruption and fraud.\r\nThe Bureau would like to adopt the Integrity survey-Integrity Assessment- by conducting such surveys every two years in more than 10 selected Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) using either donor funds or Malawi Government - Other Recurrent Transaction (ORT) funds, in partnership with National Statistical Office. This will continually measure integrity and evaluate the anti-corruption measures initiated by respective ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs) based on survey findings.\r\nThe Government of the Republic of Malawi under ORT solely funded this Pilot Integrity survey. The survey was coordinated by Corruption Prevention Department of the Bureau with technical support from National Statistical Office. Other departments that facilitated the successful implementation of the survey through collaboration are ICS and DRTSS.', 'Reyneck Matemba and Mercy Kanyuka (Mrs)and  (2019), The Integrity Survey Report : An Integrity Assessment Report For The Directorate of Road Traffic and Safety Services (DRTSS) And The Immigration and Citizenship Services (ICS).', 'Reyneck Matemba and Mercy Kanyuka (Mrs)and , The Integrity Survey Report : An Integrity Assessment Report For The Directorate of Road Traffic and Safety Services (DRTSS) And The Immigration and Citizenship Services (ICS)(2019).', 'Reyneck Matemba and Mercy Kanyuka (Mrs)and  (2019), The Integrity Survey Report : An Integrity Assessment Report For The Directorate of Road Traffic and Safety Services (DRTSS) And The Immigration and Citizenship Services (ICS).', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 21, 3),
(173, 'Poverty in Focus', 'International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth', '2010', 'Public Reports', '', 'IPCPovertyInFocus22.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The recent global economic and financial crisis revealed once again\r\nthe importance of social protection in shielding the poorest and\r\nmost vulnerable people from the worst impacts of a sudden shock\r\nto the economy. Social protection programmes such as cash transfers and\r\nexpanded public works were also important instruments for raising domestic\r\ndemand in many of the stimulus packages that were introduced to counter\r\nthe downturn. As the world starts a fragile recovery, however, there may be\r\na temptation to roll back programmes as the intensity of the economic shock\r\ndissipates. Countries could instead explore opportunities for prioritising and\r\ninstitutionalising social protection programmes.\r\nMuch evidence suggests that, when properly designed and implemented, social\r\nprotection not only protects the vulnerable but is also an investment in future\r\ngrowth and prosperity. In this light, the aftermath of the global crisis provides an\r\nopportunity to improve and expand social protection programmes where they\r\nalready exist, and to create new ones where they are absent. Social protection\r\nshould not be seen as merely a safety net to be deployed when times are\r\ndifficult; neither is it a panacea for development, but it can be key to promoting\r\nstrong and inclusive growth.\r\nA recent South-South dialogue organised by IPC-IG and held in Johannesburg\r\nfrom 11 to 14 October 2010 showed that governments in the global South are\r\ncomfortable with broad definitions that emphasise the expansion of capabilities\r\nand opportunities. For instance, in South Africa social protection “seeks to\r\nprovide the basic means for all people living in the country to effectively\r\nparticipate and advance in social and economic life, and in turn to contribute to\r\nsocial and economic development.” Presentations at the dialogue from Zambia,\r\nBrazil, East Timor and other countries used similar language, placing formal and\r\ninformal mechanisms for social protection at the very core of their national\r\ndevelopment strategies.\r\nTraditionally, social protection programmes have been regarded as important\r\nbecause of concerns for equity and because they are a means of directly\r\nalleviating poverty. Emerging micro-level evidence, however, shows that such\r\nprogrammes can have strong efficiency effects and thus can be growth-enhancing.\r\nThis can occur through increasing poor people’s access to assets—by enabling\r\nthem to buy livestock, building productive infrastructure such as roads and\r\nirrigation, promoting education and health, or reducing risk so that people can\r\nuse assets more efficiently.\r\nMoreover, there is substantial evidence that the inability of many families to\r\nmanage and cope with risks leads to sub-optimal investment and consumption\r\nchoices that may harm economic efficiency. Social protection can also contribute\r\nto economic growth by reducing inequality and strengthening social justice and\r\ncohesion. On the other hand, concerns about perverse incentives and leakages\r\ncan be addressed through well designed programmes. Expressions of concern\r\nabout the unaffordability of social protection programmes are often\r\nexaggerated, especially in view of the programmes’ benefits.\r\nAccording to the participants at the South-South dialogue, this also means that\r\nthe current practice of viewing social protection as the exclusive purview of\r\nministries of gender and social development needs to be rethought. While these\r\nministries have a clear role in the implementation of specific aspects of the social\r\nprotection agenda, there is a need to involve a range of other stakeholders more\r\ndirectly. Clearly, community representatives have critical roles to play, namely\r\nin ensuring accountability and in the effective delivery of transfers and services.\r\nElected representatives in legislatures are instrumental in providing the legal basis\r\nfor a country’s social protection system and for institutionalising citizens’ rights.\r\nIn the executive, ministries of finance and planning need to drive discussions not\r\nonly on the fiscal space for financing social protection programmes (an important\r\nissue in its own right), but also on how to entrench social protection more\r\neffectively in a country’s longer-term development strategy, as a means of\r\nmaking the growth process stronger, more resilient and more inclusive.', 'International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (2010), Poverty in Focus.', 'International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, Poverty in Focus(2010).', 'International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (2010), Poverty in Focus.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(174, 'Exploring the Politics of Land Reforms in Malawi: A Case Study of the Community Based Rural Land Development Programme (CBRLDP)', 'Blessings Chinsinga', '2008', 'Journals', '', 'IPPGDP20.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The main argument of this paper is that the experiences of the CBRLDP are unlikely to provide valuable\r\nlessons to aid the scale up of the model across the country because of the critical disjuncture between the\r\nneoliberal drive guiding the reforms and the popular perception of how land redistribution should actually\r\nproceed in communities with excess land. They favour restitution as a means of rectifying land tenure\r\ninequities perpetrated by both the colonial and postcolonial regimes contrary to the CBRLDP initiative\r\nwhich unequivocally advocates a market-based land redistribution on a willing-buyer and -seller basis.\r\nMoreover, the government’s commitment to address the question of land once and for all remains at the\r\nlevel of rhetoric despite the consensus that land is a primary productive resource in the country and one\r\nwhich holds the key to poverty reduction. The outcomes, successes and failures of the CBRLDP have been\r\nfurther driven, influenced and shaped by political processes resulting from the interaction and contestation\r\nof diverse stakeholders involved with the CBRLDP and endowed with differing forms and varying degrees\r\nof power, authority and influence. The major lesson from the CBRLDP implementation experiences is that\r\nthe design, reform and implementation of pro-poor institutional arrangements are not merely a technical\r\nor managerial matter, but a profoundly political exercise. This is underlined by the sheer determination of\r\nstakeholders engaged with the CBRLDP to shift the burden of the reforms elsewhere as they jostle to get\r\nthe most of the evolving institutional arrangements governing land ownership and use.', 'Blessings Chinsinga (2008), Exploring the Politics of Land Reforms in Malawi: A Case Study of the Community Based Rural Land Development Programme (CBRLDP).', 'Blessings Chinsinga, Exploring the Politics of Land Reforms in Malawi: A Case Study of the Community Based Rural Land Development Programme (CBRLDP)(2008).', 'Blessings Chinsinga (2008), Exploring the Politics of Land Reforms in Malawi: A Case Study of the Community Based Rural Land Development Programme (CBRLDP).', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(175, 'The Impact of Social Protection on Children', 'Marco Sanfilippo, Chris de Neubourg, Bruno Martorano', '2012', 'Journals', '', 'iwp_2012_06.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Social protection is particularly important for children, in view of their higher levels of vulnerability compared to adults, and the role that social protection can play in ensuring adequate nutrition, access to and utilization of social services. While existing evidence shows that social protection programmes successfully address several dimensions of child well-being – often in an indirect way – a move towards a more “child sensitive” approach to social protection has recently been advocated at the highest level in the international development community. Until now, however, the efforts that have been made to analyse the evidence regarding how social protection affects children have been based on wider analyses of the overall impact of social protection on different groups of recipients, or on analyses based on specific outcomes. This paper explores this issue in more detail. Based on an extensive analysis of the existing evidence on the impact of social protection programmes in the developing world, the paper aims to assess what are the channels that have to be taken into account to understand how the benefits of social protection could be maximized with specific regard to the different dimensions of children’s well-being.\r\nKeywords: social protection, child-sensitive policies, evaluation, policy impact, education, health, nutrition, conditional cash transfers', 'Marco Sanfilippo, Chris de Neubourg, Bruno Martorano (2012), The Impact of Social Protection on Children.', 'Marco Sanfilippo, Chris de Neubourg, Bruno Martorano, The Impact of Social Protection on Children(2012).', 'Marco Sanfilippo, Chris de Neubourg, Bruno Martorano (2012), The Impact of Social Protection on Children.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(176, 'ARVs and cash too: caring and supporting people living with HIV⁄AIDS with the Malawi Social Cash Transfer', 'C. Miller and M. G. Tsoka', '2012', 'Journals', '', 'j.1365-3156.2011.02898.x.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'objectives \r\nThe Malawian Social Cash Transfer Scheme (SCT) is a social protection programme for\r\nultra poor and labour-constrained households, including people living with HIV ⁄ AIDS (PLWHA).\r\nWe aimed to gain insight into respondents’ circumstances prior to becoming transfer beneficiaries\r\nand to examine how PLWHA used transfers to support themselves and their families.\r\nmethods We conducted 24 semi-structured qualitative interviews with PLWHA who were also SCT\r\nbeneficiaries and living in villages where the scheme was operational in 2008.\r\nresults Respondents were destitute and lacked food and basic necessities prior to the transfer. As cash\r\nrecipients, the majority of respondents reported positive impacts on health, food security and economic\r\nwell-being as well as an improved ability to care for their families.\r\nconclusion Important unanswered programmatic questions persist, such as ‘What is the appropriate\r\ntransfer level?’ And ‘Should recipients graduate from the scheme?’ Moreover, the scheme’s long-term\r\nsustainability is still unclear. Nevertheless, this analysis presents evidence describing how PLWHA used\r\ncash transfers to improve their situation and mitigate the impact of HIV ⁄ AIDS on families.\r\nkeywords cash transfer, social protection, impact evaluation, economic situation, Africa', 'C. Miller and M. G. Tsoka (2012), ARVs and cash too: caring and supporting people living with HIV⁄AIDS with the Malawi Social Cash Transfer.', 'C. Miller and M. G. Tsoka, ARVs and cash too: caring and supporting people living with HIV⁄AIDS with the Malawi Social Cash Transfer(2012).', 'C. Miller and M. G. Tsoka (2012), ARVs and cash too: caring and supporting people living with HIV⁄AIDS with the Malawi Social Cash Transfer.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3);
INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(177, 'THE RIGHT TO EQUALITY IN THE WORK PLACE FOR PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES IN MALAWI: DOES THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES OFFER ANY HOPE?', 'VICTOR MAKHUBALO JERE', '2008', 'Dissertations', '', 'jere.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The study is aimed at critically analysing the current legal framework in Malawi in so far as\r\nthe right to equality and non-discrimination in relation to the work place and the right to\r\nwork for PWPDs is concerned. The paper will assess whether Malawi’s legal framework\r\neffectively protects the right to equality and non- discrimination in the work place for PWPDs\r\nin conformity with international standards. Finally, the paper will, in the event that Malawi’s\r\nlegal framework does not conform to international standards, offer suggestions on how it can\r\nbe reformed to comply with international standards, especially the CRPWDs.', 'VICTOR MAKHUBALO JERE (2008), THE RIGHT TO EQUALITY IN THE WORK PLACE FOR PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES IN MALAWI: DOES THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES OFFER ANY HOPE?.', 'VICTOR MAKHUBALO JERE, THE RIGHT TO EQUALITY IN THE WORK PLACE FOR PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES IN MALAWI: DOES THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES OFFER ANY HOPE?(2008).', 'VICTOR MAKHUBALO JERE (2008), THE RIGHT TO EQUALITY IN THE WORK PLACE FOR PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES IN MALAWI: DOES THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES OFFER ANY HOPE?.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 35, 3),
(178, 'Social protection: potential for improving HIV outcomes among adolescents', 'Lucie D Cluver, Rebecca J Hodes, Lorraine Sherr, F Mark Orkin, Franziska Meinck, Patricia Lim Ah Ken, Natalia E Winder-Rossi, Jason Wolfe and Marissa Vicari', '2015', 'Journals', '', 'JIAS-18-20260.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Introduction: Advances in biomedical technologies provide potential for adolescent HIV prevention and HIV-positive survival.\r\nThe UNAIDS 909090 treatment targets provide a new roadmap for ending the HIV epidemic, principally through antiretroviral\r\ntreatment, HIV testing and viral suppression among people with HIV. However, while imperative, HIV treatment and testing\r\nwill not be sufficient to address the epidemic among adolescents in Southern and Eastern Africa. In particular, use of condoms\r\nand adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain haphazard, with evidence that social and structural deprivation is\r\nnegatively impacting adolescents’ capacity to protect themselves and others. This paper examines the evidence for and potential\r\nof interventions addressing these structural deprivations.\r\nDiscussion: New evidence is emerging around social protection interventions, including cash transfers, parenting support\r\nand educational support (‘‘cash, care and classroom’’). These interventions have the potential to reduce the social and economic\r\ndrivers of HIV risk, improve utilization of prevention technologies and improve adherence to ART for adolescent populations in the\r\nhyper-endemic settings of Southern and Eastern Africa. Studies show that the integration of social and economic interventions\r\nhas high acceptability and reach and that it holds powerful potential for improved HIV, health and development outcomes.\r\nConclusions: Social protection is a largely untapped means of reducing HIV-risk behaviours and increasing uptake of and\r\nadherence to biomedical prevention and treatment technologies. There is now sufficient evidence to include social protection\r\nprogramming as a key strategy not only to mitigate the negative impacts of the HIV epidemic among families, but also to\r\ncontribute to HIV prevention among adolescents and potentially to remove social and economic barriers to accessing treatment.\r\nWe urge a further research and programming agenda: to actively combine programmes that increase availability of biomedical\r\nsolutions with social protection policies that can boost their utilization.\r\nKeywords: social protection; HIV/AIDS; adolescents; HIV prevention; adherence.', 'Lucie D Cluver, Rebecca J Hodes, Lorraine Sherr, F Mark Orkin, Franziska Meinck, Patricia Lim Ah Ken, Natalia E Winder-Rossi, Jason Wolfe and Marissa Vicari (), Social protection: potential for improving HIV outcomes among adolescents.', 'Lucie D Cluver, Rebecca J Hodes, Lorraine Sherr, F Mark Orkin, Franziska Meinck, Patricia Lim Ah Ken, Natalia E Winder-Rossi, Jason Wolfe and Marissa Vicari, Social protection: potential for improving HIV outcomes among adolescents().', 'Lucie D Cluver, Rebecca J Hodes, Lorraine Sherr, F Mark Orkin, Franziska Meinck, Patricia Lim Ah Ken, Natalia E Winder-Rossi, Jason Wolfe and Marissa Vicari (), Social protection: potential for improving HIV outcomes among adolescents.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(180, 'Investigating the Drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Global Tea Supply Chain: A Case Study of Eastern Produce Limited in Malawi', 'Andrew Ngawenja Mzembe, Adam Lindgreen, François Maon and  Joëlle Vanhamme', '2016', 'Journals', '', '78194', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Using a case study of the tea producer Eastern Produce Malawi, this research investigates\r\nwhich factors influence companies upstream in global tea supply chains to adopt a corporate\r\nsocial responsibility (CSR) agenda. Although external pressures, such as demands from\r\nWestern consumers or international organizations and their related initiatives, may have\r\nshaped Eastern Produce Malawi’s CSR agenda, strong internal organizational contingencies,\r\nincluding transformational leaders who recognize the significance of ethical issues and strong\r\norganizational values, led it to adopt this CSR agenda in practice. This study underscores the\r\nsignificance of using an integrative framework to explain various CSR drivers for companies.\r\nIt concludes with managerial and public policy implications, as well as areas for further\r\nresearch.\r\nKeywords: corporate social responsibility; Malawi; global supply chain; sustainable\r\ndevelopment; stakeholder engagement.', 'Andrew Ngawenja Mzembe, Adam Lindgreen, François Maon and  Joëlle Vanhamme (2016), Investigating the Drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Global Tea Supply Chain: A Case Study of Eastern Produce Limited in Malawi.', 'Andrew Ngawenja Mzembe, Adam Lindgreen, François Maon and  Joëlle Vanhamme, Investigating the Drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Global Tea Supply Chain: A Case Study of Eastern Produce Limited in Malawi(2016).', 'Andrew Ngawenja Mzembe, Adam Lindgreen, François Maon and  Joëlle Vanhamme (2016), Investigating the Drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Global Tea Supply Chain: A Case Study of Eastern Produce Limited in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(181, 'Malawi Case Study: Social Protection Measures and Labour Markets November 2012 Innovative Financing for Development: A New Model for Development', 'United Nations Development Programme', '2012', 'Corporate Reports', '', '73248', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Malawi is a Least Developed Country (LDC) with a predominantly rural population engaged in agriculture. The agricultural economy\r\nis dominated by small-scale farms (tended by people known as ‘smallholders’) that produce commodity crops (mainly tobacco,\r\ncoffee and cotton) and food for subsistence (maize, pulses, roots and tubers). Most smallholders cultivate less than one hectare.\r\nPoverty is deep and widespread across the land. As a result of their weak asset base, low technology adoption, limited land and\r\nlabour constraints, the majority of rural households are highly vulnerable to shocks, whether generalized (such as drought) or\r\nhousehold-specific (such as death). This weak resilience has hindered the ability of smallholders to move out of poverty and of the\r\ncountry to develop rapidly. Despite these structural impediments, there is now quantifiable evidence that measures intended to\r\nreduce smallholder vulnerability have begun to pay off, resulting in a decline in relative and absolute poverty. The benefit seemingly\r\nextends to all strata of the Malawian poor, urban and rural. Strengthening small farms has contributed towards rapid economic\r\ngrowth within the agricultural sector and broader economy, whilst, at the household level, it has led to improved food security as\r\nwell as asset accumulation (cash, livestock and durable goods).\r\nThis paper describes and analyses the impact that pro-poor programmes and social protection (SP) measures in particular have\r\nhad on reducing poverty and mitigating the vulnerability of the Malawian poor. Social protection here refers to the broad range of\r\nmeasures designed and implemented by the state and its partners in development to reduce poverty and strengthen the resilience\r\nof the population to shocks. The case focuses on the agricultural sector and its labour market dynamics. Over the past 15 years, a\r\nrange of SP measures has been instituted; the measures that have been most extensive in scale and scope, whilst having the greatest\r\nimpact on poverty, are those that have sought to enhance the productivity of small-scale agriculture through input subsidies. The\r\npaper also examines the impact of these programmes and considers their potential to reduce poverty through providing decent\r\nwork within the agricultural sector and through the role of agriculture as an engine of economic growth.\r\nThe research for this paper was desk-based, drawing upon the latest secondary literature (including reports and surveys) and primary\r\ndata on crop production from the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MoAFS). The findings are informed by the important\r\nnational surveys undertaken by the National Statistical Office (NSO), in particular the 2008 national population census (NSO, 2008a),\r\nthe 2008 Welfare Monitoring Survey (WMS) (NSO, 2008b), the Finscope report (2009) and the earlier Integrated Household Survey 2\r\n(IHS2) (NSO, 2005). The research uses the comprehensive Malawi Poverty and Vulnerability Analysis (MPVA) (GoM, 2006), which\r\ndescribes in detail the causes and characteristics of poverty. The paper also refers extensively to the findings of an International\r\nLabour Organization (ILO) funded study (Durevall and Mussa, 2010) that examined the country’s labour market dynamics and recent economic performance.', 'United Nations Development Programme (2012), Malawi Case Study: Social Protection Measures and Labour Markets November 2012 Innovative Financing for Development: A New Model for Development.', 'United Nations Development Programme, Malawi Case Study: Social Protection Measures and Labour Markets November 2012 Innovative Financing for Development: A New Model for Development(2012).', 'United Nations Development Programme (2012), Malawi Case Study: Social Protection Measures and Labour Markets November 2012 Innovative Financing for Development: A New Model for Development.', '0001Capture.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 39, 3),
(182, 'Structural damage The causes and consequences of Malawi’s food crisis', 'Kwesi Owusu and Francis Ng’ambi', '2002', 'Corporate Reports', '', '12164', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'There is a common perception that the food crisis in Malawi has been\r\ncaused by the floods that ruined the planting season in 2001, or by\r\nwidespread government corruption and mismanagement. These\r\nundoubtedly have contributed to the crisis. But there is another cause,\r\nwhich has been even more significant – inappropriate policies of donor\r\nagencies, led by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).\r\nHunger and food shortage has always been a problem in Malawi, hence\r\nthe poor nutrition levels of 32 per cent of the population. In the past, food\r\nshortages have been addressed through food aid from donors and\r\ngovernment subsidies for basic food channelled through the grain board,\r\nthe Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation (ADMARC). This\r\nsystem has allowed the people of Malawi to survive the seasons of\r\nadverse weather, and the government corruption and mismanagement\r\nwhich has persisted through years of good harvest and bad.\r\nHowever, over the past twenty years the agriculture sector has been\r\nrestructured by the IMF and World Bank, under their structural adjustment\r\npolicies. In agriculture, these policies are supposedly aimed at improving\r\nefficiency and productivity. But, as in other countries such as Zambia and\r\nMozambique, the donors have ignored the reality of farming systems in\r\nMalawi and have assumed that markets will be able to meet social aims;\r\nto supply food at affordable prices throughout the country, and to ensure\r\nthat smallholder farmers can feed their families. Instead, Malawi now\r\nfaces chronic food insecurity. The IMF/World Bank policies in Malawi’s\r\nagricultural sector, supported by the bilateral aid donors, have failed.\r\nPrior to these reform programs, the Malawi Government could ensure\r\nfood availability even in the remotest areas of the country. Through\r\nsubsidies and controlled prices, farmers were assured of affordable farm\r\ninputs and grain stores were maintained in remote areas.', 'Kwesi Owusu and Francis Ng’ambi (2002), Structural damage The causes and consequences of Malawi’s food crisis.', 'Kwesi Owusu and Francis Ng’ambi, Structural damage The causes and consequences of Malawi’s food crisis(2002).', 'Kwesi Owusu and Francis Ng’ambi (2002), Structural damage The causes and consequences of Malawi’s food crisis.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 31, 3),
(183, 'TRADE AND INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE IN MALAWI: OPPORTUNITIES AND POLICY CHALLENGES', 'Lawrence Mapemba', '2009', 'Corporate Reports', '', '42608', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The study establishes that Malawi has gone through three stages of trade and industrial policy. During the colonial era the main focus was on production and trade of agricultural commodities, namely coffee, tobacco and tea. In the post-independence era, Government sought to industrialise by pursuing import substitution policies. The poor economic performance experienced in the late 1970s and early 1980s led to Government adopting economic liberalisation policies under the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) which were expected to reverse the trends experienced in the 1980s. However, evidence from studies show that manufacturing activities declined during the SAPs period.\r\nAgainst this background, Government adopted a new development planning framework, the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS) which seeks to transform the country from net importer and consumer to net producer and exporter. The MGDS has adopted trade and private sector development as a viable means to achieve economic growth and a reduction of poverty. Implementation of the MGDS has started bearing fruit in some sectors such as agriculture, where Government has managed to achieve food security. There are substantial policy reforms aimed at enhancing the performance of trade and industry. Government has applied a range of policy measures including investment and export incentives, an expanded market through regional integration and trade agreements,\r\nii\r\ninfrastructure development and the creation of a favourable policy environment. However, little progress has been made in particular areas such as that of the diversification of exports.\r\nAs such, the country’s economic structure has remained unchanged. The country continues to depend on agriculture with tobacco, tea and sugar being major commodities produced and exported. The contributions of trade (imports and exports) and industrial sector to GDP have stagnated at around 45% and 20%, respectively, with the manufacturing sector accounting for 11% of GDP. A further examination of the country’s Index of Industry Production shows that, overall, the industrial sector has indeed stagnated. The World Bank (2006) identified high cost of doing business as among the major causes of the poor performance of the private sector. Therefore, Government needs to step up its effort to improve the business climate by undertaking further reforms of its policy and regulatory system and by improving power and utility supply.', 'Lawrence Mapemba (2009), TRADE AND INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE IN MALAWI: OPPORTUNITIES AND POLICY CHALLENGES.', 'Lawrence Mapemba, TRADE AND INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE IN MALAWI: OPPORTUNITIES AND POLICY CHALLENGES(2009).', 'Lawrence Mapemba (2009), TRADE AND INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE IN MALAWI: OPPORTUNITIES AND POLICY CHALLENGES.', '0001TPS.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 35, 3),
(184, 'PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AND DISPOSAL OF PUBLIC ASSETS (PARTICIPATION BY MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES) ORDER, 2020', 'Malawi Government', '2020', 'Government Reports', '', '20541', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AND DISPOSAL OF PUBLIC ASSETS (PARTICIPATION BY MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES) ORDER, 2020\r\nIN EXERCISE of the powers conferred by section 36(2) of the Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Assets Act, I, ELLIAS HAUSI, Director General of the Public Procurement and Disposal of Assets Authority, in consultation with the Minister of Trade, Minister of Economic Planning and Development and the Minister of Gender, Disability Affairs and Community Development, make the following Order-', 'Malawi Government (2020), PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AND DISPOSAL OF PUBLIC ASSETS (PARTICIPATION BY MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES) ORDER, 2020.', 'Malawi Government, PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AND DISPOSAL OF PUBLIC ASSETS (PARTICIPATION BY MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES) ORDER, 2020(2020).', 'Malawi Government (2020), PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AND DISPOSAL OF PUBLIC ASSETS (PARTICIPATION BY MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES) ORDER, 2020.', '249210ff244e0fd52ba007590fece726_f3494.jpeg', 'Neytech Solutions', 4, 14, 3),
(185, 'Cash Transfers and Children’s Education and Labour among Malawi’s Poor', 'Candace Miller and Maxton Tsoka', '2012', 'Journals', '', '92660', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This article examines the impact on children’s education and labour of monthly\r\ncash grants targeted on ultra-poor households and designed to reduce poverty\r\nand enable families to invest in human development. It conducts a randomised\r\ncommunity trial, with baseline and endline surveys of intervention and control\r\nhouseholds; verifies school enrolment; and completes key-informant interviews\r\nand focus-group discussions. Compared with non-beneficiaries, intervention\r\nchildren experienced a 5 percentage point difference in enrolment, higher\r\neducational expenditures, fewer absences, and a 10 percentage point decrease\r\nin labour outside the home. Qualitative data confirm the quantitative findings.\r\nTransfers to poor households had a positive impact. However, the Malawian\r\neducational system needs to be improved for short-term impacts to lead to\r\nlong-term development in human capital.\r\nKey words: Cash transfer, social protection, education, child labour, Africa,\r\nMalawi', 'Candace Miller and Maxton Tsoka (2012), Cash Transfers and Children’s Education and Labour among Malawi’s Poor.', 'Candace Miller and Maxton Tsoka, Cash Transfers and Children’s Education and Labour among Malawi’s Poor(2012).', 'Candace Miller and Maxton Tsoka (2012), Cash Transfers and Children’s Education and Labour among Malawi’s Poor.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(186, 'Targeting Cash to Malawi’s Ultra-Poor: A Mixed Methods Evaluation', 'Candace M. Miller, Maxton Tsoka and Kathryn Reichert', '2010', 'Journals', '', '10531', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Governments target transfers so that limited resources reach impoverished\r\nhouseholds; targeting errors therefore indicate inefficiency in resource use\r\nand inability to reach the poorest households. This article examines the\r\nMalawi Social Cash Transfer Scheme (SCTS), using mixed methods and\r\nmultiple data sources, including examination of underlying assumptions,\r\nthe operationalisation of key concepts, questions of implementation, and\r\nerrors of inclusion and exclusion. Despite serious challenges, the scheme’s\r\nerror rates are within the range of global averages. Its impressive impacts\r\nprovide strong motivation for improving the targeting process before it is\r\nscaled up to the national level.\r\nKey words: Cash transfer, social protection, targeting, Malawi, mixed methods', 'Candace M. Miller, Maxton Tsoka and Kathryn Reichert (2010), Targeting Cash to Malawi’s Ultra-Poor: A Mixed Methods Evaluation.', 'Candace M. Miller, Maxton Tsoka and Kathryn Reichert, Targeting Cash to Malawi’s Ultra-Poor: A Mixed Methods Evaluation(2010).', 'Candace M. Miller, Maxton Tsoka and Kathryn Reichert (2010), Targeting Cash to Malawi’s Ultra-Poor: A Mixed Methods Evaluation.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(187, 'Courts and the poor in Malawi: Economic marginalization, vulnerability, and the law', 'Siri Gloppen  and Fidelis Edge Kanyongolo', '2021', 'Judicially Literature', '', '64490', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Malawi’s democratic Constitution of 1994 shifted the law in a pro-poor direction.\r\nWith the judiciary emerging as a surprisingly strong institution in an otherwise weak\r\npolitical system, one might expect a body of pro-poor jurisprudence to develop. This has\r\nnot been the case, and this article investigates why. After considering patterns of\r\npoverty and the role of law in the dynamics of economic marginalization in Malawi,\r\nwe examine factors assumed to infl uence the use of courts by the economically\r\nmarginalized, the strength of their legal voice, and the response of the courts to poor\r\npeople’s social rights claims. We fi nd an interplay between factors impeding the demand\r\nfor pro-poor justice as well as its supply: lack of litigation resources; high access\r\nbarriers; the pull of alternative institutions; and the nature of Malawi’s legal culture.', 'Siri Gloppen  and Fidelis Edge Kanyongolo (2021), Courts and the poor in Malawi: Economic marginalization, vulnerability, and the law.', 'Siri Gloppen  and Fidelis Edge Kanyongolo, Courts and the poor in Malawi: Economic marginalization, vulnerability, and the law(2021).', 'Siri Gloppen  and Fidelis Edge Kanyongolo (2021), Courts and the poor in Malawi: Economic marginalization, vulnerability, and the law.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 16, 3),
(188, 'Muslim girls, religion the hijab in public schools ', 'Eddy Kalonga', '2021', 'Magazines', '', 'Muslim girls, religion and the hijab in public schools_ Feb 2021.pdf', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Lamp Magazine is the only surviving scholarly magazine in Malawi. It is published by the Media Montfort in Balaka of the Catholic church', 'Eddy Kalonga (2021), Muslim girls, religion the hijab in public schools .', 'Eddy Kalonga, Muslim girls, religion the hijab in public schools (2021).', 'Eddy Kalonga (2021), Muslim girls, religion the hijab in public schools .', 'magazine icon.png', '61', 25, 68, 3),
(189, 'Rep vs Kenneth Moses et al - Sentence Judgment - Final -19 April 2021.pdf', 'CRIMINAL CAUSE NO 14 OF 2018', '2018', 'Judicially Literature', '', '79216', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'CRIMINAL CAUSE NO 14 OF 2018 (2018), Rep vs Kenneth Moses et al - Sentence Judgment - Final -19 April 2021.pdf.', 'CRIMINAL CAUSE NO 14 OF 2018, Rep vs Kenneth Moses et al - Sentence Judgment - Final -19 April 2021.pdf(2018).', 'CRIMINAL CAUSE NO 14 OF 2018 (2018), Rep vs Kenneth Moses et al - Sentence Judgment - Final -19 April 2021.pdf.', '249210ff244e0fd52ba007590fece726_f3494.jpeg', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 27, 3),
(190, 'Gender and Poverty Reduction in Malawi', 'Naomi Ngwira', 'Unknown', 'Handouts', '', '51514', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper looks at the nature and progress of planning and implementing engendered development in\r\nMalawi: it provides a cursory review of the gendered situation in key sectors and what can be done to\r\naccelerate progress', 'Naomi Ngwira (Unknown), Gender and Poverty Reduction in Malawi.', 'Naomi Ngwira, Gender and Poverty Reduction in Malawi(Unknown).', 'Naomi Ngwira (Unknown), Gender and Poverty Reduction in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 19, 55, 3),
(191, 'Supporting and Expanding Community-Based HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Responses: A Report on Save the Children (US) Malawi COPE Project', 'Susan S. Hunter', '2002', 'Journals', '', '78837', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'In 1995, Save the Children/US- Malawi introduced a small pilot project called COPECommunity-\r\nbased Options for Protection and Empowerment, to provide direct services\r\nto prevent and mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on children, families and communities\r\nin 1district. Over the past six years, the program has evolved and expanded to four\r\ndistricts, covering 9% of the national population. The goal of COPE is to mobilize\r\nsustainable community action utilizing existing indigenous social infrastructures and a\r\nthree tier structure - District AIDS Coordinating Committees (DACCs), Community\r\nAIDS Committees (CACs) and Village AIDS Committees (VACs). The program is\r\nmultisectoral and involves partnerships with government, business communities, local\r\nleaders, other NGOs/CBOs and religious organizations.\r\nProgram success includes: the ability of communities to identify the most vulnerable\r\nmembers and provide them with care and support; the DACC/CAC/VAC structures\r\nmobilized MKI.5 million during the 5 year period; 295 VACs formed; health centers in\r\nCOPE focus communities reporting substantial drop in cases of STD infections; and a\r\ndrop in school drop-out rates of orphans. Frequently cited benefits by participating\r\ncommunities include: community-cohesiveness, increased awareness of HIV/AIDS and\r\nits consequences, involvement, participation and empowerment to deal with orphans and\r\nPLWHAS in their midst; peace of mind for HIV+ parents in the knowledge that when\r\nthey die, the community will take care of their surviving children.\r\nChallenges for COPE include: lack of resources to go to national scale; donor support\r\noften unreliable, unrealistic and inconsistent in terms of timeframe and resource\r\navailability. Some of the lessons learned are: prevention messages can be conveyed\r\neffectively using care and support focused responses; community members who are\r\ndirectly affected need to be equally involved in all program processes; multisectoral\r\napproach the most effective to address multiple and interrelated impacts of HIV/AIDS;\r\nand lastly not least no single approach is appropriate for all communities, hence the need\r\nfor flexibility and relevance in HIV/AIDS programming.', 'Susan S. Hunter (2002), Supporting and Expanding Community-Based HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Responses: A Report on Save the Children (US) Malawi COPE Project.', 'Susan S. Hunter, Supporting and Expanding Community-Based HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Responses: A Report on Save the Children (US) Malawi COPE Project(2002).', 'Susan S. Hunter (2002), Supporting and Expanding Community-Based HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Responses: A Report on Save the Children (US) Malawi COPE Project.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(192, 'Anticipatory child fostering and household economic security in Malawi', 'Lauren K. Bachan', '2014', 'Journals', '', '14258', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'BACKGROUND—While there is a rich literature on the practice of child fostering in sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about how fostering impacts receiving households, as few studies consider household conditions both before and after fostering. Despite the fact that circumstances surrounding fostering vary, the literature’s key distinction of fostering is often drawn along the simple line of whether or not a household is fostering a child. This paper argues that anticipation of fostering responsibilities, in particular, is a useful dimension to distinguish fostering experiences for receiving households.\r\nOBJECTIVE—This paper examines the relationship between receiving a foster child and subsequent changes in household wealth. Particular emphasis is placed on how these changes are conditioned by differing levels of anticipation of the fostering event.\r\nMETHODS—This study uses data from Tsogolo la Thanzi (TLT), a longitudinal survey in Balaka, Malawi. Using data from 1754 TLT respondents, fixed effects pooled time-series models are estimated to assess whether and how receiving a foster child changes household wealth.\r\nRESULTS—This paper demonstrates the heterogeneity of fostering experiences for receiving households. The results show that households that anticipate fostering responsibilities experience a greater increase in household wealth than both households that do not foster and those that are surprised by fostering.\r\nCONCLUSION—Households that anticipate fostering responsibilities exhibit the greatest increase in household wealth. While fostering households that do not anticipate fostering responsibilities may not experience these gains, there is no evidence to indicate that such households are negatively impacted relative to households that do not foster. This finding suggests that additional childcare responsibilities may not be as detrimental to African households as some researchers have feared.', 'Lauren K. Bachan (2014), Anticipatory child fostering and household economic security in Malawi.', 'Lauren K. Bachan, Anticipatory child fostering and household economic security in Malawi(2014).', 'Lauren K. Bachan (2014), Anticipatory child fostering and household economic security in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(193, 'THE SOCIAL TRUST AND LEADERSHIP ROLES: REVITALISING DUTY BEARER ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE PROTECTION OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHTS IN MALAWI AND UGANDA', 'Mwiza Jo Nkhata Jr.', '2005', 'Dissertations', '', '27257', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The relevance of social and economic rights to societal welfare and well-being need not\r\nbe overemphasised. The quality of life enjoyed by the citizenry is directly related to the\r\nlevel of enjoyment of social and economic rights in any particular country. However, the\r\nenjoyment of social and economic rights is, in turn, largely predicated on the manner in\r\nwhich national resources are managed and directed towards obligations raised by social\r\nand economic rights. It is axiomatic, therefore, to devise a framework that ensures that\r\nmanagers of public resources operate within an environment where their actions in\r\nrelation to the management of national resources are governed by transparency and\r\naccountability.\r\nIn the light of the above, this study explores the relationship that exists between the\r\nsocial trust concept and leadership roles particularly in as far as duty bearer\r\naccountability for social and economic rights is concerned. The study argues that social\r\ntrust based devices can be used to enhance duty bearer accountability in relation to\r\nsocial and economic rights and that such increased duty bearer accountability will\r\nautomatically serve to better the welfare of the citizenry. The viability of recognising and\r\nenforcing social trust based accountability mechanisms is highlighted by exploring its\r\nrelevance to Malawi and Uganda. The crux of the study is that public functionaries must\r\nalways be amenable to censure by the citizenry if diligence is to be infused in the\r\nperformance of their duties and the social trust concept offers adept mechanisms for\r\nachieving this.', 'Mwiza Jo Nkhata Jr. (2005), THE SOCIAL TRUST AND LEADERSHIP ROLES: REVITALISING DUTY BEARER ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE PROTECTION OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHTS IN MALAWI AND UGANDA.', 'Mwiza Jo Nkhata Jr., THE SOCIAL TRUST AND LEADERSHIP ROLES: REVITALISING DUTY BEARER ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE PROTECTION OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHTS IN MALAWI AND UGANDA(2005).', 'Mwiza Jo Nkhata Jr. (2005), THE SOCIAL TRUST AND LEADERSHIP ROLES: REVITALISING DUTY BEARER ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE PROTECTION OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHTS IN MALAWI AND UGANDA.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 32, 3),
(194, 'MEASURING THE VALUE OF AFRICAN SMALLHOLDER GRAIN PROTECTION: TWO ESSAYS ON STORAGE ECONOMICS AND MARKET VALUATION OF MAIZE ATTRIBUTES IN MALAWI', 'ichael S. Jones', '2012', 'Dissertations', '', '17489', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'In two distinct essays, we seek to achieve one overarching objective:\r\nestablishment of the potential profitability of hermetic Purdue Improved Crop Storage\r\n(PICS) technology for small producers in Sub-Saharan Africa. We first present a simple\r\nmethodology, targeted to a non-economist storage research audience, to measure the\r\nprofitability of storage protection for marketing producers in developing countries. We\r\nexamine the relationship between the value of a stored commodity and required price\r\nseasonality for profitable storage under a range of possible fixed costs of storage and\r\nopportunity costs of capital. The cost of storage protection has a larger relative effect on\r\nprofitability with low-value commodities such as maize, while the opportunity cost of\r\ncapital has a larger effect on profitability with high-value commodities such as beans and\r\ncowpeas. An example is drawn with maize in Malawi, contrasting the profitability of\r\nstorage protection with hermetic PICS bags versus government-subsidized chemical\r\nprotectants. Results show that while PICS bags economically outperform chemical\r\nprotectants, price seasonality and thus profitability varies greatly both by year and region of the country.\r\nWe secondly seek to analyze current storage practices and investment in Malawi,\r\nwhile also understanding the economic consequences of insect and mold damage for a\r\nmarketing producer. For marketing maize producers in Africa, economic losses in\r\nstorage can result from both dry weight losses and price discounts for damaged grain.\r\nWhile weight loss ranges under various storage treatments are widely recorded in East\r\nand Southern Africa, price discounts for insect and mold damage are undocumented in\r\ninformal markets. We use a choice model with physical samples of maize to estimate\r\npreferences of Malawian maize traders in the immediate post-harvest season of relative\r\nmaize abundance and then repeat the experiment in the lean season of relative maize\r\nscarcity. Severe discounting for insect damage is present for most traders. In the lean\r\nseason, this discounting logically increases in magnitude as traders store longer before\r\nresale. However, discounts measured by traditional metrics may be exaggerated in\r\nintensity, as demonstrated by the Equality Constrained Latent Class (ECLC) method for\r\nidentifying and correcting for attribute non-attendance bias. Price non-attendance was\r\nidentified in a majority of the sample population and correcting coefficients results in\r\nreductions of WTP estimates by about 75%. To supplement CE analysis, we crossreference\r\nthese methods with a more simple contingent valuation approach. All methods\r\nemployed indicate price discounts for insect grain damage are much more severe than\r\nresearchers have found in West Africa, indicating the value of maize storage protection in\r\nMalawi may be greater than first determined through meta-analysis. Maintaining\r\ndemonstrated efficacy, there is thus reasonable economic evidence to suggest that PICS\r\nbags can be profitable for Malawian maize producers', 'ichael S. Jones (2012), MEASURING THE VALUE OF AFRICAN SMALLHOLDER GRAIN PROTECTION: TWO ESSAYS ON STORAGE ECONOMICS AND MARKET VALUATION OF MAIZE ATTRIBUTES IN MALAWI.', 'ichael S. Jones, MEASURING THE VALUE OF AFRICAN SMALLHOLDER GRAIN PROTECTION: TWO ESSAYS ON STORAGE ECONOMICS AND MARKET VALUATION OF MAIZE ATTRIBUTES IN MALAWI(2012).', 'ichael S. Jones (2012), MEASURING THE VALUE OF AFRICAN SMALLHOLDER GRAIN PROTECTION: TWO ESSAYS ON STORAGE ECONOMICS AND MARKET VALUATION OF MAIZE ATTRIBUTES IN MALAWI.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 43, 3),
(195, 'CASH TRANSFERS, BEHAVIORAL CHANGE, AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM MALAWI’S CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM', 'Kelly Kilburn', '2016', 'Dissertations', '', '27185', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This dissertation examines the impacts of a social cash transfer program for poverty alleviation in Malawi\r\non caregiver and child outcomes and whether these impacts can be explained by changes to household\r\nbehaviors or mindsets. The data for this study comes from a cluster-randomized study of the Government\r\nof Malawi’s Social Cash Transfer Program that provides unconditional cash payments to ultra-poor,\r\nlabor-constrained households. After a baseline survey, households in the study were randomly chosen to\r\nthe treatment group to receive transfers immediately or to the later entry control group. A follow-up\r\nsurvey was then conducted after 12 months of transfers to the treatment group. This dissertation uses this\r\nexperimental panel data to provide causal evidence on whether Malawi’s program impacts child outcomes\r\nand parental behaviors. The goal of this research is to come to a greater understanding of how cash\r\ntransfers may improve the chances of ending poverty transfers across generations. This dissertation\r\nconsists of three essays to meet this goal: In the first essay, I show the impacts of the cash transfer\r\nprogram on adult caregiver subjective well-being. In the second and third essays I examine child\r\ndevelopment outcomes of schooling and mental health respectively and whether parental behaviors\r\nmediate the direct impact from the cash transfer.', 'Kelly Kilburn (2016), CASH TRANSFERS, BEHAVIORAL CHANGE, AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM MALAWI’S CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM.', 'Kelly Kilburn, CASH TRANSFERS, BEHAVIORAL CHANGE, AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM MALAWI’S CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM(2016).', 'Kelly Kilburn (2016), CASH TRANSFERS, BEHAVIORAL CHANGE, AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM MALAWI’S CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 43, 3),
(196, 'STUDY TO INFORM THE SELECTION OF AN APPROPRIATE WAGE RATE FOR PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMMES IN MALAWI', 'Ephraim Chirwa, Wadonda Consult Anna McCord, SALDRU, Peter Mvula, Wadonda Consult Caroline Pinder', '2004', 'Government Reports', '', '31500', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This study was commissioned by the Government of Malawi’s National Safety Nets\r\nUnit in conjunction with the Malawi Social Action Fund (MASAF), and funded by the\r\nUK Department for International Development, Malawi.\r\nThe goal of the Malawi National Safety Net Programme is to improve the livelihoods\r\nof the most vulnerable and marginalised groups in society by enhancing their\r\nproductivity and increasing their self reliance4 and Public Works Programmes (PWP)\r\nform an important component of the overall strategy for addressing this goal.\r\nMASAF was established in 1995 in order to contribute to the Government of\r\nMalawi’s objectives of alleviating poverty. Its programme evolved in conjunction with\r\nthe development of the Government’s Decentralisation Policy of 1998, the National\r\nSafety Net Strategy (NSNS) adopted in 2001, and the Poverty Reduction Strategy in\r\nApril 2002. The current design of the MASAF programme (MASAF III) is based on\r\nthe principles of Community Driven Development which include empowering\r\ncommunities and local governments.5 The goal of the NSNS and MASAF is “To\r\nimprove livelihoods of the most vulnerable and marginalised groups in Malawi\r\nthough productivity enhancement and increased self reliance.” MASAF is the largest\r\nPWP employer, having been implementing PWPs since 1995, and aims to provide\r\nincome and employment opportunities that contribute to longer term economic\r\ngrowth6. The study came about in response to concerns raised by PWP workers,\r\nimplementing agencies and donors that the wage rate paid by public works\r\nprogrammes in Malawi might not be consistent with the policy objective of improving livelihoods', 'Ephraim Chirwa, Wadonda Consult Anna McCord, SALDRU, Peter Mvula, Wadonda Consult Caroline Pinder (2004), STUDY TO INFORM THE SELECTION OF AN APPROPRIATE WAGE RATE FOR PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMMES IN MALAWI.', 'Ephraim Chirwa, Wadonda Consult Anna McCord, SALDRU, Peter Mvula, Wadonda Consult Caroline Pinder, STUDY TO INFORM THE SELECTION OF AN APPROPRIATE WAGE RATE FOR PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMMES IN MALAWI(2004).', 'Ephraim Chirwa, Wadonda Consult Anna McCord, SALDRU, Peter Mvula, Wadonda Consult Caroline Pinder (2004), STUDY TO INFORM THE SELECTION OF AN APPROPRIATE WAGE RATE FOR PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMMES IN MALAWI.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 1, 1, 3),
(197, 'Social Protection and Informal Workers in Malawi', 'Wezi Galera Shaba', '2013', 'Public Reports', '', '19224', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'tion as a set of public and private policies and programmes undertaken by societies in response to various contingencies to offset the absence or substantial reduction of income from work; to provide assistance for families with children as well as provide people with health care and housing (UN, 2001). On the other hand, van Ginneken (2003) sees it as benefits that society provides to individuals and households; through public and collective measures; to guarantee them a minimum standard of living and to protect them against a low or declining living standards arising out of a number of basic needs. Varied the definitions may be, social protection aims at income redistribution in order to protect everyone against poverty.\r\nIt is well documented that social protection systems were established to replace the traditional family or neighbourhood solidarity which were greatly undermined by industrialisation, rural emigration and ur-ban development. Without social protection, poor people are prone to increased risks of sinking below the poverty line; worse still, to remain stuck in poverty. Above all, Social protection is also a human right as defined by Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: ‘everyone has a right to social se-curity and is entitled to realisation through national effort and international cooperation’ (UN, n.d). Though it is a human right, coverage of social protection, especially for those in the informal sector is very limited in many developing countries including Malawi. This paper discusses the history and evolu-tion of social protection in Malawi, explores the coverage of existing social security schemes, highlights the legislative frameworks governing social security in the country and examines the extent of the infor-mal economy in the country. The paper concludes by exploring ways in which social protection coverage could be extended to the excluded majority including those in the informal economy.', 'Wezi Galera Shaba (2013), Social Protection and Informal Workers in Malawi.', 'Wezi Galera Shaba, Social Protection and Informal Workers in Malawi(2013).', 'Wezi Galera Shaba (2013), Social Protection and Informal Workers in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 2, 2, 3),
(198, 'Risking Death for Survival: Peasant Responses to Hunger and HIV/AIDS in Malawi', 'Deborah Fahy Bryceson & Jodie Fonseca', '2005', 'Public Reports', '', '87491', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Beginning in 2001, smallholder peasant households in Malawi faced two life-threatening risks: AIDS\r\nand famine. Malawi registers the 8th highest HIV/AIDS prevalence in the world (UNAIDS 2004) and\r\nis one of the continent’s least urbanized countries with 85 per cent of the national population living in\r\nrural areas. Much of the countryside has a reputation for being ‘deep rural’ in the sense that it is\r\ncharacterized by a patchy road network and poor physical, economic and social infrastructure within a\r\nculturally conservative context of village-based traditional tribal leadership. Between 2001 and 2003\r\nthe countryside experienced widespread hunger. Speculation about possible links between HIV/AIDS\r\nand famine inevitably ensued.\r\nDe Waal and Whiteside (2003) argues that a ‘new variant famine’ surfaced in the context of a\r\nrural population predisposed to food insecurity by the prevalence of AIDS morbidity and mortality. It\r\nwould be impossible to conclusively prove or disprove this thesis. Certainly, the deteriorating welfare\r\nstatus of the Malawian rural population amidst the rising prevalence of HIV/AIDS prior to the famine\r\ncan be amply demonstrated (e.g. Ngwira, Bota and Loevinsohn 2001, Frankenberger, Luther, Fox and\r\nMazzeo 2003). This paper explores the interacting effects of HIV/AIDS and famine. Based on key\r\ninformant interviews, focus group discussions and a random survey of 141 households in three\r\nvillages as part of a CARE International study carried out in Lilongwe rural district, Central Province\r\nbetween December 2003 and March 2004. Villagers’ coping strategies and social responses under the\r\ncombined duress of HIV/AIDS and famine are highlighted.', 'Deborah Fahy Bryceson & Jodie Fonseca (2005), Risking Death for Survival: Peasant Responses to Hunger and HIV/AIDS in Malawi.', 'Deborah Fahy Bryceson & Jodie Fonseca, Risking Death for Survival: Peasant Responses to Hunger and HIV/AIDS in Malawi(2005).', 'Deborah Fahy Bryceson & Jodie Fonseca (2005), Risking Death for Survival: Peasant Responses to Hunger and HIV/AIDS in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(199, 'The Limits of Cash Transfers: A Critique of a Malawi Intervention', 'Marta Luzes', '2017', 'Corporate Reports', '', '28015', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Education plays one of the most important roles in the development discourse and several programs and policies have been developed that aim to address the challenges existent. One of these programs is Cash Transfers (CT’s), interventions that rely on the distribution of money, either conditional or unconditional on pre-established norms, to improve the well being of the beneficiaries. However, its effects in the long-term have been questioned.\r\nThis paper presents a study of a cash transfer program in Malawi and its 5- year follow-up. The study is constructed on the assumption that cash transfers serve as a technical fix for a much structural and complex problem that is caused by much more than economic poverty. It defends that once the intervention ends so does the results, since as no rooted transformation took course, people return to their own costumes and reality.', 'Marta Luzes (2017), The Limits of Cash Transfers: A Critique of a Malawi Intervention.', 'Marta Luzes, The Limits of Cash Transfers: A Critique of a Malawi Intervention(2017).', 'Marta Luzes (2017), The Limits of Cash Transfers: A Critique of a Malawi Intervention.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 32, 3),
(200, 'REINFORCING DUTY BEARER ACCOUNTABILITY FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS IN MALAWI: A CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE?', 'Mwiza Jo Nkhata', '2012', 'Journals', '', '66226', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Malawi, like most African countries, faces serious governance and\r\ndevelopment challenges. While most of these challenges are uniquely Malawian,\r\nthey are also symptomatic of a general continental trend.1 These challenges\r\nmanifest themselves in high levels of illiteracy, prevalence of disease, poverty\r\nand poor infrastructure. The multiplicity of the challenges that Malawi and,\r\narguably, most African countries contend with diminishes the state’s capacity\r\nto effectively realise human rights. This is often to the detriment of rights\r\nclassified as social, economic and cultural (in this contribution short-handedly\r\nreferred to as socio-economic rights). This is largely because it is sometimes\r\nargued that socio-economic rights require massive expenditure outlays by the\r\nstate and that priority should thus be given to civil and political rights which\r\ndo not require such outlays.', 'Mwiza Jo Nkhata (2012), REINFORCING DUTY BEARER ACCOUNTABILITY FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS IN MALAWI: A CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE?.', 'Mwiza Jo Nkhata, REINFORCING DUTY BEARER ACCOUNTABILITY FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS IN MALAWI: A CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE?(2012).', 'Mwiza Jo Nkhata (2012), REINFORCING DUTY BEARER ACCOUNTABILITY FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS IN MALAWI: A CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE?.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3);
INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(201, 'How does community mobilisation through MaiMwana women’s groups work?: Addressing the social determinants of mother and child health in rural Malawi. Michele Rosato MaiMwana Project, Malawi and Centre', 'Michele Rosato', '2012', 'Dissertations', '', '57557', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: Over 340,000 maternal and 8 million child deaths occur globally every year.\r\nThese deaths are underpinned by physiological, behavioural and social determinants. Efforts to\r\nachieve Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 for mother and child health have\r\npredominantly sought to address the physiological and behavioural risk factors. A few\r\ncommunity mobilisation interventions, particularly those seeking to empower communities,\r\nhave also sought to reduce mortality by addressing the social determinants of health but little is\r\nknown about how they work. This thesis attempts to address this by illuminating the socioenvironmental\r\nmechanism through which the MaiMwana women’s group intervention in\r\nMalawi reduced maternal and child mortality.\r\nMethods: A grounded theory methodology, utilising observation and focus group discussion\r\nmethods was used to explore how the actions of the MaiMwana women’s group intervention\r\nhelped to organise and mobilise community members to take control of the social determinants\r\nof mother and child health.\r\nResults: The actions of the MaiMwana women’s group intervention built the capacities\r\n(knowledge, skills, opportunities and attitudes) of community members to become increasingly\r\norganised and mobilised (coming together, identifying common problems, receiving structure\r\nand direction, becoming organised, mobilising resources, developing partnerships, becoming\r\ncritically conscious of the root causes of their problems, receiving power to take control of the\r\nwomen’s group programme and actually taking this control) which in turn generated\r\ninterpersonal elements (resources and relationships) that they could draw on to address the\r\nsocial determinants of mother and child health.\r\nDiscussion: The MaiMwana women’s group intervention reduced maternal and child mortality\r\nby empowering women’s group members to harness the interpersonal elements that arose as\r\nthey became organised and mobilised and bring them to bear on the structural and\r\nintermediary social determinants of health through individual, organisational and community\r\naction thus reducing their exposure and vulnerability to health-compromising conditions.', 'Michele Rosato (2012), How does community mobilisation through MaiMwana women’s groups work?: Addressing the social determinants of mother and child health in rural Malawi. Michele Rosato MaiMwana Project, Malawi and Centre for International Health and Development Institute of Child Health UCL Thesis submitted.', 'Michele Rosato, How does community mobilisation through MaiMwana women’s groups work?: Addressing the social determinants of mother and child health in rural Malawi. Michele Rosato MaiMwana Project, Malawi and Centre for International Health and Development Institute of Child Health UCL Thesis submitted(2012).', 'Michele Rosato (2012), How does community mobilisation through MaiMwana women’s groups work?: Addressing the social determinants of mother and child health in rural Malawi. Michele Rosato MaiMwana Project, Malawi and Centre for International Health and Development Institute of Child Health UCL Thesis submitted.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 34, 3),
(202, 'Comparison of Agricultural Input Subsidies and Social Cash Transfers as Policies for Reducing Vulnerability to Hunger in Malawi', 'Dyton Duncan Maliro', '2011', 'Dissertations', '', '92092', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This thesis compares agricultural input subsidies and social cash transfers as alternative policy\r\nlevers for addressing vulnerability to hunger in Malawi. Input subsidies stimulate yield growth\r\nin agriculture, and can improve the food security of food-deficit small farmers both directly and\r\nindirectly. Social cash transfers directly support the immediate consumption needs of\r\npopulations at risk of missing minimum food entitlements. The two policies interact both as\r\nlivelihood complements and as competitors for fiscal space. Research to date has provided little\r\ncomparative evidence on such interactions and their effects. The thesis objective is to gain a\r\ndeeper understanding than hitherto available of these policy options, which in Malawi are\r\ncharacterised by confusion concerning their roles in achieving a sustainable reduction in\r\nvulnerability and deprivation.\r\nIn Malawi both policies were introduced in 2005/06, following five years of recurrent national\r\nfood crises. The input subsidy programme (ISP) is a national programme targeting over 50 per\r\ncent of Malawi’s 3.2 million farm families every year. Social cash transfers, in contrast, are\r\npilot schemes in seven of the 28 districts, and aim to cover the 10 per cent of households\r\nidentified as ultra poor and labour constrained. The research involved the use of secondary data\r\nsources combined with a fieldwork in Mchinji district, which was the first pilot site for social\r\ncash transfers in 2006.\r\nThe research demonstrates the difficulty in Malawi of constructing a policy environment that\r\ncan enduringly reduce the proneness of the rural population to hunger and deprivation. The ISP\r\nappears to have more than doubled maize output according to official figures but caution is\r\nindicated regarding the true magnitude of output gains realised. For social cash transfers,\r\nevidence suggests positive food security and livelihood impacts but important caveats are\r\nidentified. Overall, the thesis contributes to the growing awareness that one strategy on its own\r\ncannot be relied upon to achieve sustainable vulnerability reduction; a portfolio of instruments\r\nthat address differing needs is advised, while carefully considering complementarities and tradeoffs\r\nbetween them.', 'Dyton Duncan Maliro (2011), Comparison of Agricultural Input Subsidies and Social Cash Transfers as Policies for Reducing Vulnerability to Hunger in Malawi.', 'Dyton Duncan Maliro, Comparison of Agricultural Input Subsidies and Social Cash Transfers as Policies for Reducing Vulnerability to Hunger in Malawi(2011).', 'Dyton Duncan Maliro (2011), Comparison of Agricultural Input Subsidies and Social Cash Transfers as Policies for Reducing Vulnerability to Hunger in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 34, 3),
(203, 'ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AGRICULTURAL POLICIES IN MALAWI: A CASE STUDY OF MAIZE POLICIES', 'HORACE HAPPY PHIRI', '2013', 'Dissertations', '', '39237', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Producer Support Estimate (PSE) for the staple food crop maize were calculated in this\r\nstudy to add to knowledge on the incentives and disincentives that created by public\r\npolicy in agriculture. All the PSE were negative implying that producers are implicitly\r\ntaxed through policies that transfer income from producers to consumers. Using a\r\nNewey –West regression analysis political economy explanations to agricultural\r\nprotection were tested. It was observed that; PSE increased with increasing levels of\r\nsocial accountability, international donor pressure and declining production.\r\nNeopatrimonialism was also found to negatively affect producer\r\nsupport.Autoregressive Distributed Lag model results show that the PSE granger\r\ncauses production and that one percent change in PSE results in a 0.24% change in\r\nnational maize output.\r\nEvidence from the ARIMA model showed that the political power varies with changes\r\nin maize prices and income. In general, the results obtained in this study show that the\r\npolicy making process in Malawi is not driven by efficiency motives alone but rather a\r\npolitical economy framework with its own demands that have to be understood. The\r\nfollowing recommendations are therefore put forward; policy stakeholders should have\r\nan understanding of political preferences and incorporate them in their policy options\r\nif their advice is to be relevant in the policy processes; interest groups have shown to\r\nhave strong influence on policy outcomes therefore policy reforms should be designed\r\nin a way that ensures that affected groups accept reform to avoid political pressure\r\ninduced reversals.', 'HORACE HAPPY PHIRI (2013), ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AGRICULTURAL POLICIES IN MALAWI: A CASE STUDY OF MAIZE POLICIES.', 'HORACE HAPPY PHIRI, ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AGRICULTURAL POLICIES IN MALAWI: A CASE STUDY OF MAIZE POLICIES(2013).', 'HORACE HAPPY PHIRI (2013), ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AGRICULTURAL POLICIES IN MALAWI: A CASE STUDY OF MAIZE POLICIES.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 17, 36, 3),
(204, 'Macroeconomic policy for employment creation: The case of Malawi', 'Sonali Deraniyagala and  Ben Kaluwa', '2011', 'Books', '', '63674', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper investigates the links between macroeconomic policy and employment\r\ncreation in Malawi. It identifies ways in which monetary, fiscal and external sector\r\npolicies (dealing with the exchange rate and the capital account) can be used to boost\r\nemployment creation in Malawi.\r\nThe prevailing orthodoxy on macroeconomic policy focuses on stabilisation and on\r\nmaintaining internal and external balance. This is seen as the optimal way to create\r\nconditions conducive to rapid economic growth, which in turn boosts employment. This\r\npaper departs from the orthodoxy and argues that a developing country such as Malawi\r\ncan use macroeconomic policies that go beyond narrow stabilisation. We identify a range\r\nof macroeconomic policy instruments that can help direct the Malawian economy onto a\r\npath of employment-creating economic growth.\r\nSection One presents the thematic background for our study. Section Two deals\r\nwith the key features of growth, poverty and employment in the Malawian economy.\r\nSection Three outlines the macroeconomic policy environment in the country.\r\nSection Four examines monetary policy options for enhancing employment-rich growth.\r\nSection Five examines fiscal policy options for job creation. Section Six deals with\r\nexchange rate, capital account and other external sector policy options for boosting\r\neconomic growth and employment. Section Seven summarises the main conclusions of\r\nthe report.', 'Sonali Deraniyagala and  Ben Kaluwa (2011), Macroeconomic policy for employment creation: The case of Malawi.', 'Sonali Deraniyagala and  Ben Kaluwa, Macroeconomic policy for employment creation: The case of Malawi(2011).', 'Sonali Deraniyagala and  Ben Kaluwa (2011), Macroeconomic policy for employment creation: The case of Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 55, 3),
(205, 'Social protection in sub-Saharan Africa: Will the green shoots blossom?', 'Miguel Niño-Zarazúa, Armando Barrientos, David Hulme and Sam Hickey', '2010', 'Public Reports', '', '51640', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper provides an overview of the recent extension of social protection in sub-\r\nSaharan Africa. It identifies two main ‘models’ of social protection in the region: the\r\nSouthern Africa and Middle Africa models. It then assesses the contrasting policy\r\nprocesses behind these models and examines the major challenges they face as regards\r\nfinancing, institutional capacity and political support. It concludes that, for an effective\r\ninstitutional framework for social protection to evolve in sub-Saharan African countries, the\r\npresent focus on the technical design of social protection programmes needs to be\r\naccompanied by analyses that contribute to also ‘getting the politics right’\r\nKeywords: social protection, poverty, transfer programmes, sub-Saharan Africa', 'Miguel Niño-Zarazúa, Armando Barrientos, David Hulme and Sam Hickey (2010), Social protection in sub-Saharan Africa: Will the green shoots blossom?.', 'Miguel Niño-Zarazúa, Armando Barrientos, David Hulme and Sam Hickey, Social protection in sub-Saharan Africa: Will the green shoots blossom?(2010).', 'Miguel Niño-Zarazúa, Armando Barrientos, David Hulme and Sam Hickey (2010), Social protection in sub-Saharan Africa: Will the green shoots blossom?.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(206, 'The impact of drought on household vulnerability: The case of rural Malawi', 'Makoka, Donald', '2008', 'Public Reports', '', '24827', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Vulnerability to poverty in Malawi is highly associated with risk. Households face\r\nmultiple shocks, most of which threaten their livelihoods and impact negatively on their\r\nwelfare. Among the important risks that rural households face is drought, which is\r\nexacerbated by environmental change. This study analyzes the impact of drought on\r\nhousehold’s vulnerability using a twoperiod panel dataset of 259 rural households in\r\nMalawi. In the framework of vulnerability as expected poverty, the study employs the\r\nmethodology proposed by Christiaensen and Subbarao (2004). The results show that\r\nrecurrent drought makes households more vulnerable to the extent that households that\r\nwere affected by drought in both periods were twice as vulnerable as those who\r\nexperienced drought in only one period. Policies that are aimed at building poor\r\nhouseholds’ resilience to recurrent drought hold more promise of enabling the households\r\ncope with this livelihoodthreatening hazard.', 'Makoka, Donald (2008), The impact of drought on household vulnerability: The case of rural Malawi.', 'Makoka, Donald, The impact of drought on household vulnerability: The case of rural Malawi(2008).', 'Makoka, Donald (2008), The impact of drought on household vulnerability: The case of rural Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(207, 'Remittances as insurance for idiosyncratic and covariate shocks in Malawi: The importance of distance and relationship ', 'Davies, Simon', '2007', 'Public Reports', '', '27081', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Davies, Simon (2007), Remittances as insurance for idiosyncratic and covariate shocks in Malawi: The importance of distance and relationship .', 'Davies, Simon, Remittances as insurance for idiosyncratic and covariate shocks in Malawi: The importance of distance and relationship (2007).', 'Davies, Simon (2007), Remittances as insurance for idiosyncratic and covariate shocks in Malawi: The importance of distance and relationship .', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(208, 'A regional multiplier approach to estimating the impact of cash transfers: The case of cash aid in rural Malawi', 'Davies, Simon and Davey, James', '2007', 'Public Reports', '', '33794', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Davies, Simon and Davey, James (2007), A regional multiplier approach to estimating the impact of cash transfers: The case of cash aid in rural Malawi.', 'Davies, Simon and Davey, James, A regional multiplier approach to estimating the impact of cash transfers: The case of cash aid in rural Malawi(2007).', 'Davies, Simon and Davey, James (2007), A regional multiplier approach to estimating the impact of cash transfers: The case of cash aid in rural Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(209, 'Policies for Redistribution: The Use of Taxes and Social Transfers', 'Naren Prasad', '2008', 'Journals', '', '38283', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Inequality can be addressed through a combination of social service provision, social\r\ntransfers and taxation. Looking at the past two decades, this paper examines the extent to which\r\ninequality has been affected by changes in national tax systems and government expenditure on\r\nsocial transfers. Using secondary data, this paper discusses the trends in the composition and\r\nlevels of social transfers and taxes, and explores how these trends relate to income inequality. It\r\nalso looks into the extent to which taxes and social transfers are effective in redistributing\r\nincome. And finally it shows how different government policy frameworks have been able to\r\nlimit growth in income inequality and at the same time foster economic growth and job creation.', 'Naren Prasad (2008), Policies for Redistribution: The Use of Taxes and Social Transfers.', 'Naren Prasad, Policies for Redistribution: The Use of Taxes and Social Transfers(2008).', 'Naren Prasad (2008), Policies for Redistribution: The Use of Taxes and Social Transfers.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(210, 'PROTECTING CHILDREN IN MALAWI A report on the major findings of the mapping and assessment of the National Child Protection System', 'Manolo CABRAN', '2012', 'Books', '', '65753', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Executive summary\r\nIn recent years, there have been significant improvements in prioritizing child protection in\r\nMalawi. The development agenda included a child protection system approach in the Malawi\r\nGrowth and Development Strategy II (2012-16), setting a strengthened child protection system as\r\none of its expected results. United Nations Agencies aligned with the Government agenda,\r\nincorporating child protection systems in the United Nations Development Assistance Framework\r\n(2012-16). The Ministry of Gender, Children and Community Development, the Government branch\r\nmandated of coordinating and implementing child protection, established a Child Protection Division\r\nwithin the re-established Social Welfare Department.\r\nThis evolution, rather than departure from previous experiences, was developed from the\r\ndomain of Orphans and other Vulnerable Children. With an HIV and AIDS prevalence rate of 11%,\r\nMalawi has been hit hardly by this pandemic and interventions to mitigate the impact of the disease\r\ndate back more than a decade. In 2003, a National Policy for Orphans and other Vulnerable Children\r\n(NPA/OVC) was adopted, eventually followed by a National Plan of Action (2005-2009) which was\r\nextended to 2011. The NPA/OVC already covered child protection concerns, among others, birth\r\nregistration, community caring mechanisms, children in institutions, protect from abuse,\r\nexploitation and property dispossession. Implementation is a frequent challenge.', 'Manolo CABRAN (2012), PROTECTING CHILDREN IN MALAWI A report on the major findings of the mapping and assessment of the National Child Protection System.', 'Manolo CABRAN, PROTECTING CHILDREN IN MALAWI A report on the major findings of the mapping and assessment of the National Child Protection System(2012).', 'Manolo CABRAN (2012), PROTECTING CHILDREN IN MALAWI A report on the major findings of the mapping and assessment of the National Child Protection System.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 63, 3),
(211, 'Resurrecting the Vestiges of a Developmental State in Malawi? Refl ections and Lessons from the 2005/2006 Fertilizer Subsidy Programme', 'Blessings Chinsinga', '2007', 'Journals', '', '72052', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper explores how the experiences leading to the adoption and successful implementation of the 2005/2006 fertilizer subsidy programme can be exploited as the basis for churning out a viable framework for a developmental state in Malawi broadly understood as the state that seriously attempts to deploy its administrative and political resources to the task of economic development. This is inspired by the fact that the success of the 2005/2006 fertilizer subsidy programme is widely orchestrated as the most significant policy achievement of the government since the advent of a democratic political dispensation over a decade ago, especially in view of the fact that the programme was implemented against the advice of a whole gamut of technical experts and development partners. The huge paradox, however, is that the experience with the democratic political dispensation on the development front has been generally disappointing. Instead of facilitating tremendous transformation from conditions of abject poverty to prosperity, the state has found itself presiding over a period of rampant economic decay and the progressive weakening of the state machinery to spearhead development relative to the authoritarian one-party era. Malawi’s Human Development Index (HDI) ranking has tumbled from 138 (out of 178 nations) in 1990 to 166 in 2006. This entails a steady decline in health care delivery, education, economic growth and general living standards, characterized until very recently, by widespread incidences and episodes of severe hunger at household level.', 'Blessings Chinsinga (2007), Resurrecting the Vestiges of a Developmental State in Malawi? Refl ections and Lessons from the 2005/2006 Fertilizer Subsidy Programme.', 'Blessings Chinsinga, Resurrecting the Vestiges of a Developmental State in Malawi? Refl ections and Lessons from the 2005/2006 Fertilizer Subsidy Programme(2007).', 'Blessings Chinsinga (2007), Resurrecting the Vestiges of a Developmental State in Malawi? Refl ections and Lessons from the 2005/2006 Fertilizer Subsidy Programme.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(212, 'TB and HIV stigma compounded by threatened masculinity: implications for TB health-care seeking in Malawi', 'J. Chikovore, G. Hart, M. Kumwenda, G. Chipungu, N. Desmond, E. L. Corbett', '2017', 'Journals', '', '89629', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'S E T T ING: Urban Blantyre, Malawi.\r\nOBJECTIVE : To understand why men with tuberculosis\r\n(TB) in the community remain undiagnosed.\r\nDESIGN: A multi-method qualitative study applying a\r\nmodified grounded theory approach. Data were gathered\r\nfrom March 2011 to March 2012 from 134 men\r\nand women taking part in 1) focus group discussions\r\nwith community members (n ¼ 6) and health care\r\nworkers (n ¼ 2), and 2) in-depth interviews with TB\r\npatients (n¼20, females n¼14) and chronic coughers (n\r\n¼ 20, women n ¼ 8). Data were analysed inductively to\r\nidentify, refine and consolidate, and verify emerging\r\nconcepts and themes.\r\nRE SULT S : Two emerging themes highlighting compound\r\nstigma in this high human immunodeficiency\r\nvirus (HIV) prevalence, low-income setting are presented.\r\nFirst, cough or any illness that portended a ‘serious’\r\ncondition were accompanied by portrayals of cough, TB\r\nand HIVas being interchangeable. Chronic coughers and\r\nTB patients described their illness in ways that\r\nforegrounded bodily decimation and rupture of social\r\nlife and masculine identity. Second, ‘resistance strategies’\r\nentailed resisting classification as (seriously) ill by\r\nevading or ambivalently approaching health care, or\r\nacknowledging the ‘ill’ status then actively pursuing\r\nhealth-appropriate behaviours, including changing lifestyle\r\nor adopting non-normative gender roles.\r\nCONCLUS IONS : Managing patients requires 1) going\r\nbeyond syndromic management based on vital signs and\r\nclinical indicators to recognising and intervening on\r\nhealth care-seeking related tensions to retain individuals\r\nin care, and 2) understanding and addressing TB stigma\r\nas it manifests and affects men and women differently in specific settings.\r\nKEY WORDS : health care seeking; qualitative; gender', 'J. Chikovore, G. Hart, M. Kumwenda, G. Chipungu, N. Desmond, E. L. Corbett (2017), TB and HIV stigma compounded by threatened masculinity: implications for TB health-care seeking in Malawi.', 'J. Chikovore, G. Hart, M. Kumwenda, G. Chipungu, N. Desmond, E. L. Corbett, TB and HIV stigma compounded by threatened masculinity: implications for TB health-care seeking in Malawi(2017).', 'J. Chikovore, G. Hart, M. Kumwenda, G. Chipungu, N. Desmond, E. L. Corbett (2017), TB and HIV stigma compounded by threatened masculinity: implications for TB health-care seeking in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(213, 'A household perspective on access to health care in the context of HIV and disability: a qualitative case study from Malawi', 'Stine Hellum Braathen, Lifah Sanudi, Leslie Swartz, Thomas Jürgens, Hastings T Banda and Arne Henning Eide', '2016', 'Journals', '', '59700', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: Equitable access to health care is a challenge in many low-income countries. The most vulnerable\r\nsegments of any population face increased challenges, as their vulnerability amplifies problems of the general\r\npopulation. This implies a heavy burden on informal care-givers in their immediate and extended households.\r\nHowever, research falls short of explaining the particular challenges experienced by these individuals and\r\nhouseholds. To build an evidence base from the ground, we present a single case study to explore and understand\r\nthe individual experience, to honour what is distinctive about the story, but also to use the individual story to raise\r\nquestions about the larger context.\r\nMethods: We use a single qualitative case study approach to provide an in-depth, contextual and household\r\nperspective on barriers, facilitators, and consequences of care provided to persons with disability and HIV.\r\nResults: The results from this study emphasise the burden that caring for an HIV positive and disabled family\r\nmember places on an already impoverished household, and the need for support, not just for the HIV positive and\r\ndisabled person, but for the entire household.\r\nConclusions: Disability and HIV do not only affect the individual, but the whole household, immediate and\r\nextended. It is crucial to consider the interconnectedness of the challenges faced by an individual and a household.\r\nIssues of health (physical and mental), disability, employment, education, infrastructure (transport/terrain) and\r\npoverty are all related and interconnected, and should be addressed as a whole in order to secure equity in health.\r\nKeywords: Disability, HIV, Care, Household, Malawi', 'Stine Hellum Braathen, Lifah Sanudi, Leslie Swartz, Thomas Jürgens, Hastings T Banda and Arne Henning Eide (2016), A household perspective on access to health care in the context of HIV and disability: a qualitative case study from Malawi.', 'Stine Hellum Braathen, Lifah Sanudi, Leslie Swartz, Thomas Jürgens, Hastings T Banda and Arne Henning Eide, A household perspective on access to health care in the context of HIV and disability: a qualitative case study from Malawi(2016).', 'Stine Hellum Braathen, Lifah Sanudi, Leslie Swartz, Thomas Jürgens, Hastings T Banda and Arne Henning Eide (2016), A household perspective on access to health care in the context of HIV and disability: a qualitative case study from Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(214, 'Direct impacts of landslides on socioeconomic systems: a case study from Aranayake, Sri Lanka', 'E. N. C. Perera, D. T. Jayawardana, P. Jayasinghe, R. M. S. Bandara and N. Alahakoon', '2018', 'Journals', '', '52048', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: Landslides area controversial issue worldwide and cause a wide range of impacts on the socioeconomic\r\nsystems of the affected community. However, empirical studies of affected environments remain\r\ninadequate for prediction and decision making. This study aims to estimate the direct impact of a massive landslide\r\nthat occurred around areas with Kandyan home gardens (KHGs)in Aranayake, Sri Lanka.\r\nResults: Primary data were gathered by structured questionnaire from residents of the directly affected regions; the\r\nquestionnaire data were combined with spatial data to acquire detailed information about the livelihoods and\r\nhazards at the household level. Satellite images were used to find affected land use and households prior to the\r\nlandslide. Further, secondary data were obtained to assess the recovery cost. A multiple regression model was\r\nestablished to estimate the economic value of the home gardens. Field surveys and satellite images revealed that\r\nland-use practices during the past decades have caused environmental imbalance and have led to slope instability.\r\nConclusions: The results reveal that 52% of household income is generated by the KHG and that the income level\r\nhighly depends on the extent of the land (R2 = 0.85, p < 0.05). The extent of destroyed land that was obtained from\r\nthe satellite images and the age of the KHG were used to develop a multiple regression model to estimate the\r\neconomic loss of the KHG. It was found that the landslide affected region had been generating approximately US$\r\n160,000 annually from their home gardens toward the GDP of the country. This study found that almost all houses\r\nin the area were at risk of further sliding, and all of them were partially or entirely affected by the landslide. Among\r\nthe affected households, 60% (40 houses) had completelycollapsed, whereas 40% (27 houses) were partially\r\ndamaged. Because of these circumstances, the government must provide US $ 40,369 to recover the fully and\r\npartially damaged households. Finally, a lack of awareness and unplanned garden cultivation were the main\r\ncontributing factors that increased the severity of the damage.\r\nKeywords: Socio-economy, Landslide, Direct loss from the landslide, Spatial data', 'E. N. C. Perera, D. T. Jayawardana, P. Jayasinghe, R. M. S. Bandara and N. Alahakoon (2018), Direct impacts of landslides on socioeconomic systems: a case study from Aranayake, Sri Lanka.', 'E. N. C. Perera, D. T. Jayawardana, P. Jayasinghe, R. M. S. Bandara and N. Alahakoon, Direct impacts of landslides on socioeconomic systems: a case study from Aranayake, Sri Lanka(2018).', 'E. N. C. Perera, D. T. Jayawardana, P. Jayasinghe, R. M. S. Bandara and N. Alahakoon (2018), Direct impacts of landslides on socioeconomic systems: a case study from Aranayake, Sri Lanka.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(215, 'The Land Question in Malawi: Law, Responsibilization and the State', 'Chikosa Mozesi Silungwe', '2010', 'Dissertations', '', '95089', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This thesis argues that the land question in Malawi can be resolved through\r\nthe emergence of a responsibilized State under people–generated responsibilization.\r\nPeople–generated responsibilization is a holistic, bottom–up approach to tackling\r\nasymmetrical access to, and ownership of, land in the country. This, it is suggested,\r\nmust entail proactive, people–based action for a triangulated approach to land reform\r\ninvolving law, macroeconomic frameworks like poverty reduction strategies, and the\r\nadherence to the terms of governing under the Constitution.\r\nThe broad context of the research is that since the mid–1990s, Malawi has\r\njoined the ‘new wave’ of land reform. The new wave takes place amidst the re–\r\nconceptualization of ‘development’ in development discourse through a supposedly\r\ndecentred focus on economic growth. The new donor consensus is that land reform\r\nmust be more human–centred and foster pro–poor economic growth. It is in this\r\nenvironment that Malawi adopted the National Land Policy in 2002. The Policy is\r\nmeant to guide the country’s land reform and contribute to sustained economic\r\ngrowth.\r\nThe new wave is problematic since it perpetuates land reform approaches of\r\nthe law and development movement whereby land reform becomes land law reform.\r\nThe ‘customary’ space is subjected to a process of formalization and privatization of\r\nthe right to property in land ostensibly to boost economic growth. This approach is\r\nnarrow and undermines the resolution of a land question. Using the Foucauldian\r\n‘idea’ of governmentality, the thesis examines situations and processes that have\r\nentrenched the land question in Malawi. There is a multiverse of the parochial\r\ninterests of the State, the Bretton Woods Institutions, ‘commercial’ farmers, and the\r\nland deprived. The narrow focus on land law reform demonstrates the dominance of\r\nmarket as value and entrenches the land question in Malawi.', 'Chikosa Mozesi Silungwe (2010), The Land Question in Malawi: Law, Responsibilization and the State.', 'Chikosa Mozesi Silungwe, The Land Question in Malawi: Law, Responsibilization and the State(2010).', 'Chikosa Mozesi Silungwe (2010), The Land Question in Malawi: Law, Responsibilization and the State.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 31, 3),
(216, 'Cash Transfers in an Epidemic Context The Interaction of Formal and Informal Support in Rural Malawi', 'Francesco Strobbe and Candace Miller', '2011', 'Journals', '', '14740', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper investigates the short-run consumption\r\nexpenditure dynamics and the interaction of public and\r\nprivate arrangements of ultra-poor and labor-constrained\r\nhouseholds in Malawi using an original dataset from\r\nthe Mchinjii social cash transfer pilot project (one of\r\nthe first experiments of social protection policies based\r\non unconditional cash transfers in Sub-Saharan Africa).\r\nThe authors exploit the unique source of exogenous\r\nvariation provided by the randomized component of the\r\nprogram in order to isolate the effect of cash transfers on\r\nconsumption expenditures as well as the net crowding\r\nout effect of cash transfers on private arrangements. They\r\nfind a statistically significant reduction effect on the\r\nlevel of consumption expenditures for those households\r\nreceiving cash transfers, thus leading to the rejection of the perfect risk sharing hypothesis. Moreover, by looking\r\nat the effects of cash transfers on private arrangements\r\nin a context characterized by imperfect enforceability of\r\ncontracts and by a social fabric heavily compromised by\r\nhigh HIV/AIDS rates, the analysis confirms the presence\r\nof crowding out effects on private arrangements when\r\nlooking at gifts and (to a lesser extent) remittances, while\r\ninformal loans seem to be completely independent from\r\nthe cash transfer’s reception. From a policy perspective,\r\nthe paper offers a contribution to the evaluation of the\r\nvery recent wave of social protection policies based on\r\n(unconditional) cash transfers in Sub-Saharan Africa,\r\nsuggesting that there might be an important role for\r\npublic interventions aimed at helping households to pool\r\nrisk more effectively.', 'Francesco Strobbe and Candace Miller (2011), Cash Transfers in an Epidemic Context The Interaction of Formal and Informal Support in Rural Malawi.', 'Francesco Strobbe and Candace Miller, Cash Transfers in an Epidemic Context The Interaction of Formal and Informal Support in Rural Malawi(2011).', 'Francesco Strobbe and Candace Miller (2011), Cash Transfers in an Epidemic Context The Interaction of Formal and Informal Support in Rural Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(217, 'Comparing cash and food transfers: a cost-benefit analysis from rural Malawi', 'Blake Audsley, Riikka Halme and Niels Balzer', 'Unknown', 'Journals', '', '58024', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The Cash and Food for Livelihoods Pilot (CFLP) project was a cash and food-forassets\r\nscheme implemented in southern Malawi over the eight months from\r\nOctober 2008 to May 2009, benefiting 11,100 households. CFLP was designed to\r\nprevent acute hunger and invest in disaster prevention and preparedness\r\nmeasures by providing cash, food and mixed cash/food transfers in exchange for\r\nparticipation in the construction of community assets, in line with food-for-assets\r\n(FFA) activities under a regular protracted relief and recovery operation (PRRO).2\r\nBy randomly selecting target beneficiaries for the different transfer types,\r\nthe project aimed to identify how cash can help WFP and similar agencies\r\nachieve their food security goals. Although previous studies of cash transfers in\r\nMalawi have demonstrated that cash can be an effective tool for both generating\r\ninvestments in human capital (Miller, 2009) and responding to humanitarian\r\nneeds (Devereux et al., 2007), few have used a randomized method to compare\r\nthe use of cash with that of food. By taking this unique approach to cash in\r\nhumanitarian contexts, the CFLP project attempted to produce learning and best\r\npractices for guiding appropriate integration of cash into the WFP response\r\ntoolkit.', 'Blake Audsley, Riikka Halme and Niels Balzer (Unknown), Comparing cash and food transfers: a cost-benefit analysis from rural Malawi.', 'Blake Audsley, Riikka Halme and Niels Balzer, Comparing cash and food transfers: a cost-benefit analysis from rural Malawi(Unknown).', 'Blake Audsley, Riikka Halme and Niels Balzer (Unknown), Comparing cash and food transfers: a cost-benefit analysis from rural Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(218, 'Exploring the utility of diffusion theory to evaluate social marketing approaches to improve urban sanitation in Malawi', 'B. Cole, J. DeGabriele, G. Ho and M. Anda', '2015', 'Journals', '', '22911', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This study examines diffusion theory as an explanatory framework for the adoption of an ecological\r\ntoilet by ‘first-moving’ customers in an urban setting in Malawi. The study was conducted during the\r\nearly stages of a social marketing programme. A pragmatic paradigm was applied to address three\r\nresearch questions using mixed methods. The qualitative investigation formed the primary\r\ncomponent of the study and interviewed 14 customers who were selected to receive micro-finance\r\nloans to purchase the ecological toilet. These 14 customers were labelled ‘first movers’. The study\r\nidentified that ‘first movers’ only partially displayed characteristics of ‘innovators’ and the product\r\nmet three of five characteristics associated with successful rates of diffusion. Improving the\r\ntrialability and simplicity of the product, through field-testing, human-centred or participatory design\r\napproaches could improve the likelihood of the product attaining the characteristics that support\r\nsuccessful diffusion. Organisations that apply social marketing approaches to improve urban\r\nsanitation coverage may improve their efficacy, equity and cost-effectiveness by utilising diffusion\r\ntheory as the theoretical framework to design, implement and evaluate their programmes.\r\nKey words | diffusion, ecological sanitation, innovator, social marketing', 'B. Cole, J. DeGabriele, G. Ho and M. Anda (2015), Exploring the utility of diffusion theory to evaluate social marketing approaches to improve urban sanitation in Malawi.', 'B. Cole, J. DeGabriele, G. Ho and M. Anda, Exploring the utility of diffusion theory to evaluate social marketing approaches to improve urban sanitation in Malawi(2015).', 'B. Cole, J. DeGabriele, G. Ho and M. Anda (2015), Exploring the utility of diffusion theory to evaluate social marketing approaches to improve urban sanitation in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(219, 'Can non-monetary incentives increase health facility deliveries? The experience in Thyolo District, Malawi', 'Thomas van den Akkera, Gift Radge, Arthur Mateyu, Beatrice Mwagomba, Marielle Bemelmans, Tony Reid', '2010', 'Journals', '', '62623', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Attendance for intrapartum care in Thyolo District, Malawi, was studied following implementation\r\nof a locally valued, non-monetary incentive. The number of facility-based\r\ndeliveries per month was compared between the fourth quarter of 2007 and the third quarter\r\nof 2009, before and after introducing the incentive that included soap, a baby blanket\r\nand a traditional baby wrap. The number of deliveries in health facilities increased by 78%\r\nover the 2-year period. The increase was larger in peripheral rural facilities compared with\r\nthe district hospital (94% vs. 38%). Locally developed incentives may lead to more women\r\nreceiving professional maternity care in Malawi, particularly in rural areas.\r\nKeywords: Incentive, Motivation, Utilisation, Delivery, Obstetrics, Malawi', 'Thomas van den Akkera, Gift Radge, Arthur Mateyu, Beatrice Mwagomba, Marielle Bemelmans, Tony Reid (2010), Can non-monetary incentives increase health facility deliveries? The experience in Thyolo District, Malawi.', 'Thomas van den Akkera, Gift Radge, Arthur Mateyu, Beatrice Mwagomba, Marielle Bemelmans, Tony Reid, Can non-monetary incentives increase health facility deliveries? The experience in Thyolo District, Malawi(2010).', 'Thomas van den Akkera, Gift Radge, Arthur Mateyu, Beatrice Mwagomba, Marielle Bemelmans, Tony Reid (2010), Can non-monetary incentives increase health facility deliveries? The experience in Thyolo District, Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(220, 'A Simulation Impact Evaluation of Rural Income Transfers in Malawi and Ghana', 'Mateusz Filipski and J. Edward Taylor University of California, Davis', '2011', 'Journals', '', '29654', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'A considerable body of experimental economics research examines the impacts of cash transfers (a treatment) on recipient households (the treatment group). In many developing countries, though, cash transfers are insignificant compared to other transfer mechanisms in terms of their claim on public resources. For example, in Malawi, fertilizer subsidies dwarf cash transfers, while next door in Zambia, the government pays farmers prices well above market levels for their maize (Nkonde, Mason, Sitko, & Jayne, 2011). Yet no study to our knowledge has attempted to compare the full impact of cash payments and other kinds of transfers on rural incomes and welfare in low income countries.\r\nEconomic theory is unclear on the effectiveness of alternative transfer schemes in a context of imperfect markets; thus, empirical impact analysis is required to analyze, select and design income-transfer mechanisms. It is not clear how to design a feasible randomized experiment or econometric model to compare the efficiency of a variety of alternative transfer schemes with both direct and indirect impacts on a heterogeneous rural population.\r\nThis paper employs a simulation model of heterogeneous, interacting agents to compare the impacts of direct payments and alternative transfer mechanisms on production, incomes and welfare in rural Malawi and Ghana. We calibrate our simulations to existing fertilizer subsidy schemes in the two countries: the Malawi Agricultural Inputs Subsidy Program (MAISP) and Ghana‘s temporary input subsidy program (IS), initiated in 2008 and continued every year since. In each country, we then compare the input subsidy to two other transfer schemes: a market price support for staples, similar to what historically has been implemented in both countries, and cash transfers (the Malawi Social Cash Transfer Scheme, SCTS, and Ghana‘s Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty, LEAP).\r\nThe widespread view that cash transfers are the most efficient transfer instruments, and that input subsidies are inefficient, has drawn considerable attention to the MAISP in recent years. We begin by focusing on Malawi in an attempt to answer the following questions: Are there conditions under which alternative transfer mechanisms might dominate a simple cash transfer in terms of welfare efficiency or in terms of effectiveness at raising the incomes of particular rural household groups? What would those conditions be in the specific case of the MAISP and SCTS transfers in Malawi?', 'Mateusz Filipski and J. Edward Taylor University of California, Davis (2011), A Simulation Impact Evaluation of Rural Income Transfers in Malawi and Ghana.', 'Mateusz Filipski and J. Edward Taylor University of California, Davis, A Simulation Impact Evaluation of Rural Income Transfers in Malawi and Ghana(2011).', 'Mateusz Filipski and J. Edward Taylor University of California, Davis (2011), A Simulation Impact Evaluation of Rural Income Transfers in Malawi and Ghana.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(221, 'The Role of Social Protection in Ending Energy Poverty Making Zero Carbon, Zero Poverty the Climate Justice Way a Reality', 'Mary Robinson Foundation', '2016', 'Handouts', '', '50675', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The global community is tasked with ending poverty and enabling sustainable development while\r\ntackling the climate crisis1. To deliver this action on the scale and in the timeframe required to\r\navoid dangerous climate change, countries around the world must act in solidarity and invest in\r\nthe transition to zero carbon and zero poverty in all countries. While developed countries must\r\nrapidly peak and reduce their emissions, developing countries are being asked to develop without\r\nemissions. This is the greater challenge and they must be enabled through unprecedented levels of\r\nsupport from the international community.\r\nTo ensure that all people are enabled to take part in the transition to a zero carbon and zero poverty\r\nfuture, innovative, targeted approaches will be necessary to reach the very poorest people and\r\ncommunities. This policy brief explores one such targeted mechanism. Social protection systems\r\ncan be leveraged to rapidly and efficiently extend sustainable energy services to a country’s\r\npoorest people – people who will not be reached by market based mechanisms alone. Adopting\r\nthis approach to complement existing energy access strategies will enable governments to roll out\r\nenergy services at scale, reaching the furthest behind first. A climate justice approach to achieving\r\nuniversal energy access can advance climate action and sustainable development simultaneously.', 'Mary Robinson Foundation (2016), The Role of Social Protection in Ending Energy Poverty Making Zero Carbon, Zero Poverty the Climate Justice Way a Reality.', 'Mary Robinson Foundation, The Role of Social Protection in Ending Energy Poverty Making Zero Carbon, Zero Poverty the Climate Justice Way a Reality(2016).', 'Mary Robinson Foundation (2016), The Role of Social Protection in Ending Energy Poverty Making Zero Carbon, Zero Poverty the Climate Justice Way a Reality.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 62, 3),
(222, 'Thermal inactivation of SARS COVID-2 virus: Are steam inhalations a potential treatment?', 'Giancarlo la Marca, Jacopo Barp, Stefano Frenos, Alessandro Mugelli, Luisa Galli, Elisa Calistri, Giacomo Biasucci, Salvatore De Masi  and Renzo Guerrini ', '2021', 'Journals', '', '63578', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has upset health systems around the world and caused\r\nimmeasurable losses and costs. Until a vaccine will become available, the recommended prevention measures\r\nremain physical distancing and enhanced hygiene.\r\nMethods and findings: The proteic structure external to the virus is the main target that may eventually lead to\r\nreduce or block its replication in the upper airways. We developed a protocol based of repeated steam inhalation\r\ncycles aimed at reducing the risk of progression to full blown infection if performed soon after contagion. The\r\nprotocol has been used in a single-center open label trial on ten infected asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic\r\nhealth care professionals.\r\nConclusions: The promising results we obtained with this easily accessible, non-invasive and inexpensive procedure\r\nshould prompt controlled trials.\r\nKeywords: COVID-19, Steam inhalation, Treatment, Prevention, Healthcare, professionals', 'Giancarlo la Marca, Jacopo Barp, Stefano Frenos, Alessandro Mugelli, Luisa Galli, Elisa Calistri, Giacomo Biasucci, Salvatore De Masi  and Renzo Guerrini  (2021), Thermal inactivation of SARS COVID-2 virus: Are steam inhalations a potential treatment?.', 'Giancarlo la Marca, Jacopo Barp, Stefano Frenos, Alessandro Mugelli, Luisa Galli, Elisa Calistri, Giacomo Biasucci, Salvatore De Masi  and Renzo Guerrini , Thermal inactivation of SARS COVID-2 virus: Are steam inhalations a potential treatment?(2021).', 'Giancarlo la Marca, Jacopo Barp, Stefano Frenos, Alessandro Mugelli, Luisa Galli, Elisa Calistri, Giacomo Biasucci, Salvatore De Masi  and Renzo Guerrini  (2021), Thermal inactivation of SARS COVID-2 virus: Are steam inhalations a potential treatment?.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3);
INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(223, 'The Social Protection Policy in Malawi: Processes, Politics and Challenges', 'Blessings Chinsinga', '2007', 'Journals', '', '63733', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper is based on a study undertaken to\r\ncritically understand the dynamics of policymaking\r\nand processes under the auspices of\r\nthe Future Agricultures Consortium’s (FAC) subtheme\r\non politics and policy processes hosted\r\nby the Institute of Development Studies (IDS)\r\nin the United Kingdom. FAC’s operative philosophy\r\nis that contrary to the traditional and\r\nhighly stylized perspective, policy-making does\r\nnot happen in neat distinct stages except\r\nperhaps in the minimal sense that policies are\r\nproposed, legislated and implemented. Policy\r\nprocesses are thus a complex mesh of interactions\r\nand ramifi cations between a wide range\r\nof stakeholders driven, and constrained by the\r\ncontexts in which they operate (cf. IDS, 2006;\r\nOya, 2006). Understanding the policy processes\r\ntherefore requires: 1) grasping the narratives\r\nthat tell the policy stories; 2) the way positions\r\nbecome embedded in networks of various\r\nactors; and 3) the enabling or constraining\r\npower dynamics (politics and interests). The\r\ndecision to study the social protection policy\r\nprocesses was inspired by the guarded optimism\r\namong stakeholders about the prospects\r\nof formulating a viable social protection policy\r\nas compared to the fertilizer subsidy policy\r\nprogramme which is generally orchestrated as a success story.', 'Blessings Chinsinga (2007), The Social Protection Policy in Malawi: Processes, Politics and Challenges.', 'Blessings Chinsinga, The Social Protection Policy in Malawi: Processes, Politics and Challenges(2007).', 'Blessings Chinsinga (2007), The Social Protection Policy in Malawi: Processes, Politics and Challenges.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(224, 'Children and Social Protection Systems: Building the African Agenda', 'the African Union Commission and UNICEF.', '2014', 'Journals', '', '44240', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'African Union Member States have recognized social protection as a critical component of their social development and inclusive growth strategies. The 2004 Ouagadougou Declaration and Plan of Action on Employment and Poverty Alleviation in Africa acknowledged the need for increased coverage and enhanced effectiveness of social protection as a response to chronic poverty; the 2006 Livingstone Accords further recognized social protection as a human right, as well as included specific government commitments to social protection; and the 2008 Africa Union (AU) Social Policy Framework explicitly identified social protection as one of its core components. All these processes have contributed to building a critical momentum for social protection in Africa. In addition, despite increased economic growth in some parts of Africa, poverty, exclusion and inequality continue to prevail across the continent. There is consequently a heightened recognition of the need to redefine the social contract and reform or develop social protection systems to ensure inclusive and thriving societies.', 'the African Union Commission and UNICEF. (2014), Children and Social Protection Systems: Building the African Agenda.', 'the African Union Commission and UNICEF., Children and Social Protection Systems: Building the African Agenda(2014).', 'the African Union Commission and UNICEF. (2014), Children and Social Protection Systems: Building the African Agenda.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(225, 'Sustainable animal agriculture and crisis mitigation in livestock-dependent systems in southern Africa', 'J.W. Banda, M.G.G. Chagunda, L.A. Kamwanja, R.K.D. Phoya and A.C.L. Safalaoh', '2001', 'Journals', '', '88512', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'These proceedings contain papers, abstracts and posters of the Regional Conference on\r\nSustainable Animal Agriculture and Crisis Mitigation in Livestock-dependent Systems in\r\nSouthern Africa that took place at Malawi Institute of Management (MIM) in Lilongwe, Malawi,\r\nfrom 30th October to 1st November 2000. A keynote paper opens each theme and is followed\r\nby scientific contributions, short communications, and abstracts. Posters are published as\r\nshort communications and/or abstracts. These proceedings are organised as follows:\r\nSession 1 Livestock Management and Improvement (16 papers)\r\nSession 2 Policy Analysis, Socio-economics and Sustainable Integrated Animal Health (4\r\npapers)\r\nSession 3 Crisis Mitigation in Livestock-dependent Systems - Held as a mini workshop within\r\nthe conference (2 papers)\r\nSession 4 Product Enhancement and Human Resources Development (4 papers)\r\nSession 5 Short Communications (4 papers)\r\nSession 6 Abstracts (10 abstracts)', 'J.W. Banda, M.G.G. Chagunda, L.A. Kamwanja, R.K.D. Phoya and A.C.L. Safalaoh (2001), Sustainable animal agriculture and crisis mitigation in livestock-dependent systems in southern Africa.', 'J.W. Banda, M.G.G. Chagunda, L.A. Kamwanja, R.K.D. Phoya and A.C.L. Safalaoh, Sustainable animal agriculture and crisis mitigation in livestock-dependent systems in southern Africa(2001).', 'J.W. Banda, M.G.G. Chagunda, L.A. Kamwanja, R.K.D. Phoya and A.C.L. Safalaoh (2001), Sustainable animal agriculture and crisis mitigation in livestock-dependent systems in southern Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(226, 'Social Protection and Labour Markets in Malawi: the Centrality of Agriculture', 'Andrew Charman', 'Unknown', 'Books', '', '62758', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Malawi is a least developed country (LDC) with a predominantly rural population engaged in\r\nagriculture. The agricultural economy is dominated by small-scale farms (tended by people\r\nknown as ‘smallholders’) that produce commodity crops (mainly tobacco, coffee and cotton)\r\nand food for subsistence (maize, pulses, roots and tubers). Most smallholders cultivate less than\r\none hectare. Poverty is deep and widespread across the land. As a result of their weak asset base,\r\nlow technology adoption, limited land and labour constraints, the majority of rural households\r\nare highly vulnerable to shocks, whether generalized (such as drought) or household-specific\r\n(such as death). This weak resilience has hindered the ability of smallholders to move out of\r\npoverty and of the country to develop rapidly. Despite these structural impediments, there is now\r\nquantifiable evidence that measures intended to reduce smallholder vulnerability have begun to\r\npay off, resulting in a decline in relative and absolute poverty. The benefit seemingly extends\r\nto all strata of poor people in Malawi, in urban and rural areas. Strengthening small farms has\r\ncontributed towards rapid economic growth within the agricultural sector and broader economy,\r\nwhile at the household level it has led to improved food security as well as asset accumulation\r\n(cash, livestock and durable goods).', 'Andrew Charman (Unknown), Social Protection and Labour Markets in Malawi: the Centrality of Agriculture.', 'Andrew Charman, Social Protection and Labour Markets in Malawi: the Centrality of Agriculture(Unknown).', 'Andrew Charman (Unknown), Social Protection and Labour Markets in Malawi: the Centrality of Agriculture.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 25, 78, 3),
(227, 'Social protection to support vulnerable children and families: the potential of cash transfers to protect education, health and nutrition', 'M. Adato and L. Basset', '2009', 'Journals', '', '28401', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Investing in social protection in sub-Saharan Africa has taken on a new urgency as HIVand AIDS interact with\r\nother drivers of poverty to simultaneously destabilise livelihoods systems and family and community safety nets.\r\nCash transfer programmes already reach millions of people in South Africa, and in other countries in southern\r\nand East Africa plans are underway to reach tens and eventually hundreds of thousands more. Cash transfers\r\nworldwide have demonstrated large impacts on the education, health and nutrition of children. While the\r\nstrongest evidence is from conditional cash transfer evaluations in Latin America and Asia, important results are\r\nemerging in the newer African programmes. Cash transfers can be implemented in conjunction with other services\r\ninvolving education, health, nutrition, social welfare and others, including those related to HIVand AIDS. HIV/\r\nAIDS-affected families are diverse with respect to household structure, ability to work and access to assets,\r\narguing for a mix of approaches, including food assistance and income-generation programmes. However, cash\r\ntransfers appear to offer the best strategy for scaling up to a national system of social protection, by reaching\r\nfamilies who are the most capacity constrained, in large numbers, relatively quickly. These are important\r\nconsiderations for communities hard-hit by HIVand AIDS, given the extent and nature of deprivation, the longterm\r\nrisk to human capital and the current political willingness to act.\r\nKeywords: social protection; cash transfers; HIV; AIDS; Africa; Latin America; maternal and child health\r\nand nutrition; education; gender', 'M. Adato and L. Basset (2009), Social protection to support vulnerable children and families: the potential of cash transfers to protect education, health and nutrition.', 'M. Adato and L. Basset, Social protection to support vulnerable children and families: the potential of cash transfers to protect education, health and nutrition(2009).', 'M. Adato and L. Basset (2009), Social protection to support vulnerable children and families: the potential of cash transfers to protect education, health and nutrition.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(228, 'Social Protection from the poor lessons from recent international experience', 'Stephen Devereux', '2002', 'Journals', '', '44253', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Stephen Devereux (2002), Social Protection from the poor lessons from recent international experience.', 'Stephen Devereux, Social Protection from the poor lessons from recent international experience(2002).', 'Stephen Devereux (2002), Social Protection from the poor lessons from recent international experience.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(229, 'Customary Land Tenure Reform and Development: A Critique of Customary Land Tenure Reform under Malawi’s National Land Policy', 'Chikosa Mozesi Silungwe', '2009', 'Journals', '', '45607', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Development, as a post–Second World War phenomenon, has witnessed the dominance of the market at the close of the twentieth century. In relation to agrarian reform, neo–liberal land reform models laud individual title as a catalyst for economic growth. Customary land tenure has been adjudged anathema to development as it is supposedly economically inefficient. The economy efficiency argument is not new. In Malawi, colonial and post–colonial land law and policy has favoured individual title in pursuit of a ‘capitalist’ economy. In 2002, Malawi adopted a National Land Policy. Despite the claims of a fair redistribution of land to the ‘poor’, the policy adopts a neo–liberal approach to customary land tenure reform, inter alia, to promote a formal land market. The implications of the neo–liberal framework for the ‘poor’ is that it will benefit the ‘non–poor’; it leads to the integration of customary land into the global economy; it perpetuates landlessness on the part of the ‘poor’ who might not withstand the vagaries of a formal land market. In this vein, the neo–liberal approach to customary land tenure reform under the policy will undermine development. I suggest that an effective initiative to empower the ‘poor’ would be the creation of a trust over all land in a traditional land management area with a traditional authority as the public trustee of his or her community. The trust must be created under statute and may retain the elements of customary land law. Macroeconomic strategies may be developed that promote microfinance initiatives that would complement customary land tenure.\r\nKeywords\r\nLand Reform, Customary Land Tenure Reform, Development, Malawi', 'Chikosa Mozesi Silungwe (2009), Customary Land Tenure Reform and Development: A Critique of Customary Land Tenure Reform under Malawi’s National Land Policy.', 'Chikosa Mozesi Silungwe, Customary Land Tenure Reform and Development: A Critique of Customary Land Tenure Reform under Malawi’s National Land Policy(2009).', 'Chikosa Mozesi Silungwe (2009), Customary Land Tenure Reform and Development: A Critique of Customary Land Tenure Reform under Malawi’s National Land Policy.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(230, 'Designing Weather Insurance Contracts for Farmers in Malawi , Tanzania and Kenya', 'Daniel Osgood, Megan McLaurin, Miguel Carriquiry, Ashok Mishra, Francesco Fiondella, James Hansen, Nicole Peterson and Neil Ward', '2007', 'Corporate Reports', '', '47984', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This report presents project products to the Commodity Risk Management Group of the World\r\nBank for the development and evaluation of index insurance contracts for smallholder farmers\r\nin Malawi, Tanzania, and Kenya. The development of some products we are providing was supported\r\nat no cost by the NSF-funded Center for Research on Environmental Decisions.\r\nIndex insurance is a relatively new weather risk management tool. While traditional insurance insures\r\nagainst crop failure, index insurance insures for a specific event or risk, such as rainfall deficits. The\r\nindex insurance can be more cost effective since there is no need for in-field assessment of damage\r\nbecause payouts are triggered by weather data directly. Index insurance addresses two problems associated\r\nwith traditional crop insurance: moral hazard (incentives for a farmer to let a crop die in order to\r\nget an insurance payout) and adverse selection (in which insurance is priced based on the risks of the\r\nentire population but only the most vulnerable farmers purchase insurance).\r\nHowever, index insurance only provides partial protection and is therefore only one part of a complete\r\nrisk management package. It is critical that the client have a comprehensive understanding of exactly\r\nwhat risks are covered (and what risks are not covered) by the index product so that clients can effectively\r\nuse the insurance as a part of their risk management system. Products must be transparent and\r\ncompletely understandable to the client or they will not be able to play their proper role.\r\nWe designed and evaluated contracts for Malawi, Kenya and Tanzania. Because some contracts existed\r\nfor Malawi prior to this project, and since the insurance is in its second year of implementation in\r\nMalawi, the Malawi initial contracts and implementation are used as a starting point. Following the\r\nproject specification, we have developed in depth analysis, such as process based crop simulations and\r\nquantitative analysis of historical data, for the Malawi case study. These additional analyses are unique\r\nto the Malawi case.\r\nIn general, the contract development and evaluation process has led to a set of contracts that appear\r\nto perform extremely well. So much so, that demand in many places has overwhelmed administrative\r\ncapacity to serve clients. As this is an unsubsidized product that is purchased by clients, some indication\r\nof its value can be seen in its market demand. In interviews, farmers have stated that their primary\r\nstrategy for adaptation to climate change is enrollment in the insurance program.', 'Daniel Osgood, Megan McLaurin, Miguel Carriquiry, Ashok Mishra, Francesco Fiondella, James Hansen, Nicole Peterson and Neil Ward (2007), Designing Weather Insurance Contracts for Farmers in Malawi , Tanzania and Kenya.', 'Daniel Osgood, Megan McLaurin, Miguel Carriquiry, Ashok Mishra, Francesco Fiondella, James Hansen, Nicole Peterson and Neil Ward, Designing Weather Insurance Contracts for Farmers in Malawi , Tanzania and Kenya(2007).', 'Daniel Osgood, Megan McLaurin, Miguel Carriquiry, Ashok Mishra, Francesco Fiondella, James Hansen, Nicole Peterson and Neil Ward (2007), Designing Weather Insurance Contracts for Farmers in Malawi , Tanzania and Kenya.', '00designind wheather.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 39, 3),
(231, 'HOUSEHOLD AND NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA', 'Godfrey Mudimu Richard H. Bernsten', '', 'Books', '', '74321', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Godfrey Mudimu Richard H. Bernsten (), HOUSEHOLD AND NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA.', 'Godfrey Mudimu Richard H. Bernsten, HOUSEHOLD AND NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA().', 'Godfrey Mudimu Richard H. Bernsten (), HOUSEHOLD AND NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA.', '00 household and national.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 26, 92, 3),
(232, 'Education and HIV and AIDS in Malawi: The role of open, distance and flexible learning', 'Natalia Streuli and Catherine M. Moleni', '2008', 'Journals', '', '32434', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'In a context in which HIV and AIDS is affecting many lives around the globe, education has\r\nbeen described as the most effective ‘social vaccine’ against this pandemic. Getting every\r\nchild into school seems to be essential to mitigate the impact of HIV and AIDS. However,\r\nworldwide evidence suggests that HIV and AIDS have swamped education sectors with a\r\nrange of challenges, especially in countries were education sectors were already weak. As a\r\nresult, many children are not accessing education or are leaving school before achieving\r\nbasic literacy and numeracy skills. This paper is one of the background documents\r\ndeveloped as part of SOFIE research project funded by the Joint DFID-ESRC Scheme that\r\nexplores the potential role of open, distance and flexible learning (ODFL) as a complement\r\nto conventional schooling in Malawi and Lesotho to overcome the barriers to education\r\npresented by HIV and AIDS. Drawing mostly on secondary data, the analysis of documents,\r\nreports and academic articles, as well as on primary data from interviews and discussions\r\nwith key informants in Malawi, this paper reviews the way in which the education sector in\r\nMalawi is responding to support students’ access to education and achievement in the\r\ncontext of the AIDS epidemic. It also identifies and analyses key ODFL initiatives and\r\nstructures used to address challenges in the education system. Available research evidence\r\nsuggests that ODFL should be supported alongside conventional schooling because it has\r\nthe potential to alleviate the huge demands that the system is facing. The evidence also\r\nrecommends the design of inclusive programmes that reach out to all vulnerable children,\r\nnot only orphans, and particularly those from the lowest socio-economic quintiles. Some good practices are discussed.', 'Natalia Streuli and Catherine M. Moleni (2008), Education and HIV and AIDS in Malawi: The role of open, distance and flexible learning.', 'Natalia Streuli and Catherine M. Moleni, Education and HIV and AIDS in Malawi: The role of open, distance and flexible learning(2008).', 'Natalia Streuli and Catherine M. Moleni (2008), Education and HIV and AIDS in Malawi: The role of open, distance and flexible learning.', '0001 education and HIV.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(233, 'Protecting Malawian Children and Youth Through Social and Financial Entrepreneurship', 'Wendy-Ann Rowe and Rediet Abiy', '2013', 'Corporate Reports', '', '28120', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Among Malawi’s vulnerable children, there are some who are proving\r\nthat they can make their own lives and the lives of other children\r\naround them safer. Those children are being taught social and financial\r\nentrepreneurship—and are demonstrating how they can be agents of social\r\nchange within their communities.\r\nFrom 2010 to 2012, Catholic Relief Services collaborated with diocesan\r\npartners and Netherlands-based Aflatoun, Child Savings International, in\r\nan effort to strengthen the child protection functions of Malawi’s Children’s\r\nCorners initiative, a community-based education and support program\r\nfor vulnerable children 6 to 18 years old. The program uses a curriculum\r\nthat builds children’s self-confidence, teaches them their rights and\r\nresponsibilities as well as practical skills in saving, spending, planning and\r\nbudgeting. Aflatoun also encourages social and financial enterprise—the\r\npractice of identifying not just the problems within their communities, but\r\ncreative, practical and achievable solutions to those problems.\r\nSupported by UNICEF’s Brighter Futures project, CRS’ partners implemented\r\nthe Aflatoun program in 20 Children’s Corners. The outcome: children\r\nequipped with the knowledge they need to advocate for their rights and the\r\nrights of their peers, the confidence to act on their behalf and on the behalf of\r\nother vulnerable children in their communities, and the skills to plan better\r\nfutures for themselves.\r\nThis learning paper outlines the preliminary findings and experiences of\r\nhow the Aflatoun program helps strengthen the child protection function of\r\nChildren’s Corners in Malawi. To date, many of Aflatoun’s programs have\r\nbeen implemented in a formal education context in collaboration with the\r\nMinistry of Education. This is one of the few cases where the model is being\r\napplied in an informal/out-of-school context. These lessons are intended to\r\nsupport the learning needs of CRS, partners and peer organizations that have\r\nexpressed interest in incorporating the Aflatoun model in their existing out\r\nof school programs.', 'Wendy-Ann Rowe and Rediet Abiy (2013), Protecting Malawian Children and Youth Through Social and Financial Entrepreneurship.', 'Wendy-Ann Rowe and Rediet Abiy, Protecting Malawian Children and Youth Through Social and Financial Entrepreneurship(2013).', 'Wendy-Ann Rowe and Rediet Abiy (2013), Protecting Malawian Children and Youth Through Social and Financial Entrepreneurship.', '000Protecting Malawianm.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 38, 3),
(234, 'STRENGTHENING RESILIENCE THROUGH SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS GUIDANCE NOTE', 'ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK', '2018', 'Corporate Reports', '', '30564', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'new ones. The adverse effects are felt most by the poor and the marginalized population. The effects include loss of\r\nhousehold assets, disruption of livelihoods, and loss of income, and may lead to the poor adopting negative coping\r\nstrategies, including selling their productive assets, reducing their consumption levels, and making harmful investment\r\nchoices regarding education, health, and livelihoods, all of which may impact their long-term well-being. The effects\r\nmay also result in the near-poor sliding back into poverty due to impacts of hazard-related shocks and stresses, and\r\nthe increase in the number of transitory poor due to increase in intensity and frequency of hazards.\r\nThe poor and vulnerable population are typically the recipients of social protection programs which are designed\r\nto reduce overall vulnerability. Social protection is defined as the set of policies and programs designed to reduce\r\npoverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labor markets, diminishing people’s exposure to risks, and enhancing\r\ntheir capacity to protect themselves against hazards and interruption or loss of income.1 However, increase in risks\r\nfrom climate change and disasters will imply that the assets, livelihoods, and well-being of the poor will become more\r\nvulnerable. This will require solutions to reduce the current and future vulnerabilities of the poor and marginalized in\r\nthe context of climate change and disasters, strengthen their adaptive capacity, and enhance residual risk management\r\nto support them to recover from hazard-related shocks. The solutions may include a range of measures—providing\r\nconsumption support during lean periods, developing a culture of savings to encourage investments in risk reduction\r\nmeasures, supporting livelihood diversification to adapt to longer-term changes in climate variables, and providing\r\ninsurance products to manage residual risk. These measures are closely related to measures often supported by social\r\nprotection programs. Thus, when designed with climate and disaster risk considerations in mind and implemented in\r\nclose coordination with programs focusing on strengthening livelihoods, financial inclusion, and early warning systems,\r\nsocial protection programs provide real opportunities to strengthen climate and disaster resilience.', 'ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (2018), STRENGTHENING RESILIENCE THROUGH SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS GUIDANCE NOTE.', 'ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, STRENGTHENING RESILIENCE THROUGH SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS GUIDANCE NOTE(2018).', 'ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (2018), STRENGTHENING RESILIENCE THROUGH SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS GUIDANCE NOTE.', '000Strrengtherning.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 24, 3),
(235, 'DFID Social Transfers Evaluation Summary Report', 'Mark Davies', '2009', 'Corporate Reports', '', '96272', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Over the past few years DFID have increased their efforts to promote social\r\ntransfers and social protection. The outcomes and impacts of social transfers and\r\nsocial protection schemes and DFID-influencing activities vary greatly relative to\r\nthe unique conditions that were applied in specific contexts. What has worked well\r\nin one context may work very differently under a different set of conditions in\r\nanother context. However, a set of generalised findings can be identified that\r\nsupport the knowledge and evidence base on the range of options available for\r\nsocial protection programming and policy debates. Findings, therefore, should be\r\nexamined further in specific contexts rather than being used as prescriptive and\r\ndefinitive policy options.', 'Mark Davies (2009), DFID Social Transfers Evaluation Summary Report.', 'Mark Davies, DFID Social Transfers Evaluation Summary Report(2009).', 'Mark Davies (2009), DFID Social Transfers Evaluation Summary Report.', '000DFID social.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 27, 3),
(236, 'A Dangerous Divide The State of Inequality in Malawi', 'Richard Mussa', 'Unknown', 'Corporate Reports', '', '59427', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Economic inequality has worsened significantly in Malawi in recent years. In 2004, the richest\r\n10 percent of Malawians consumed 22 times more than the poorest 10 percent. By 2011 this\r\nhad risen to see the richest 10 percent spending 34 times more than the poorest. Yet even this\r\nshocking statistic is likely to be a significant underestimate1. Anyone who has seen the many large\r\nmansions springing up on the edges of Lilongwe and Blantyre, and the plethora of new shopping\r\nmalls being opened, knows that conspicuous consumption amongst the richest is dramatically\r\ngrowing. Malawi’s Gini coefficient, the key measure of inequality, also shows the extent to which\r\nrobust economic growth is benefiting the rich whilst leaving the poor behind. In seven years of\r\nimpressive growth, the Gini has leapt up from 0.39, on a par with Cameroon, to 0.45, on a par with\r\nthe Democratic Republic of Congo2.\r\nThis study modelled the link between inequality, growth and poverty in Malawi over the next five\r\nyears. In 2015, 8 million people – 50 percent of the country’s population - live in poverty. Yet if\r\ninequality continues to rise as it has in recent years, by 2020 1.5 million more Malawians will be\r\npoor3. Even if inequality stays broadly at the level it is now, there will still be 400,000 additional\r\npeople living in poverty in Malawi by 20204. Unless Malawi acts now to reduce inequality, even rapid\r\neconomic growth will fail to reduce poverty in the country.', 'Richard Mussa (Unknown), A Dangerous Divide The State of Inequality in Malawi.', 'Richard Mussa, A Dangerous Divide The State of Inequality in Malawi(Unknown).', 'Richard Mussa (Unknown), A Dangerous Divide The State of Inequality in Malawi.', '0001Degerous.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 28, 3),
(237, 'The wrong model for resilience: How G7-backed drought insurance failed Malawi, and what we must learn from it', 'Jonathan Reeves', '2017', 'Corporate Reports', '', '27393', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'As a result of inadequate efforts from rich countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, we are already\r\nliving in a world 1o C warmer than pre-industrial times: and climate change is affecting women living in\r\npoverty first and worst. This is a graphic tale of how an international attempt to support these people\r\nfailed abysmally.\r\nIn 2015, the Government of Malawi purchased a drought insurance policy for the 2015/16 agricultural\r\nseason from the African Risk Capacity (ARC) Insurance Company Ltd, costing almost US$5m dollars.\r\nThis decision was taken amidst a global wave of enthusiasm for climate insurance generated by the\r\nWorld Bank and the G7, with support from the insurance industry. Malawi then experienced severe\r\ndrought across almost all of its districts, induced by a record El Niño, supercharged by climate\r\nchange. This resulted in 6.5m people being assessed in May 2016 as requiring food assistance by\r\nthe Government of Malawi with the support of UN agencies and NGOs.3 However, a pay-out from the\r\ndrought insurance policy was not automatically triggered, as the model used by ARC calculated that\r\nonly 20,594 people had been affected by the drought.\r\nThis report tells the story of Malawi’s experience of the drought and its ARC insurance policy, based\r\non focus group discussions and interviews with a wide range of Malawians, from rural communities\r\nto government officials and other stakeholders, as well as the ARC Secretariat, caught up in the\r\ndrought that need not have become a disaster. The government officials we spoke to were senior\r\nofficials with responsibility for providing advice and information to inform decisions made with respect\r\nto ARC insurance and associated policies from within the Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning and\r\nDevelopment, the Department of Disaster Management Affairs, the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation\r\nand Water Development, and the Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services. We\r\nalso spoke to key local government officials in Rumphi and Mchinji districts, experts from the National\r\nSmallholder Farmers’ Association of Malawi (NASFAM) and the Lilongwe University of Agriculture\r\nand Natural Resources, and staff from ActionAid’s Local Rights Programmes and their local partners\r\nin Chiradzulu, Machinga, Nsanje, and Rumphi. Focus group discussions incorporating participatory\r\nresearch methodologies were held with rural communities in Nsanje and Rumphi. These sought to\r\nunderstand the perspectives of the communities – and in particular the women – on climate and disaster\r\nrisks, their decision-making regarding agriculture and livelihoods, and the steps they had taken to build\r\nresilience to droughts, climate change and other disaster risks; on support provided to them by the\r\ngovernment, NGOs and other development actors regarding agriculture, climate change adaptation,\r\ndisaster risk reduction (DRR) and social protection; and on the impacts of the recent drought and other\r\ndisasters. (The communities were asked about their experience with, and views about, various forms\r\nof insurance, but not specifically about ARC, since they knew nothing about it.) Our interviews and\r\ndiscussions took place in the time between the initial ARC decision not to make a pay-out and the\r\nrevised decision in November 2016 to pay Malawi $8m: ARC and the Government of Malawi officials\r\nthen had the opportunity to provide feedback on the draft report, which was taken into account in its\r\nsubsequent revision, as were developments after the eventual ARC payment. The report is also informed\r\nby in-depth secondary research.', 'Jonathan Reeves (2017), The wrong model for resilience: How G7-backed drought insurance failed Malawi, and what we must learn from it.', 'Jonathan Reeves, The wrong model for resilience: How G7-backed drought insurance failed Malawi, and what we must learn from it(2017).', 'Jonathan Reeves (2017), The wrong model for resilience: How G7-backed drought insurance failed Malawi, and what we must learn from it.', 'the_wrong_model_for_resilience.pdf', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 32, 3),
(238, 'Social protection for Malawian migrants in Johannesburg: Access, exclusion and survival strategies', 'Redson Edward Kapindu', '2011', 'Journals', '', '51134', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Many migrants from Southern Africa come to South Africa every year in search of a better life. This article explores the extent to which foreign African migrants are covered or excluded by the social protection regime in South Africa, using the situation of Malawian migrants as a case study. The article demonstrates that there are both normative (or formal) exclusions, as well as practical exclusions from social protection faced by these migrants. In light of this grim reality, the article explores the various survival strategies that these migrants adopt in order to hedge against the risk of socio-economic shocks. The article shows that there are well-developed informal social protection networks largely based on nationality and kinship. Another key finding in the study is that, for many migrants, the movement to South Africa is in itself a social protection measure to protect against existing or future socio-economic risks and vulnerabilities in their native state. The article suggests that the experiences of Malawian migrants in Johannesburg are similar to the experiences of foreign migrants in various metropolitan societies in Eastern and Southern Africa', 'Redson Edward Kapindu (2011), Social protection for Malawian migrants in Johannesburg: Access, exclusion and survival strategies.', 'Redson Edward Kapindu, Social protection for Malawian migrants in Johannesburg: Access, exclusion and survival strategies(2011).', 'Redson Edward Kapindu (2011), Social protection for Malawian migrants in Johannesburg: Access, exclusion and survival strategies.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(239, 'Savings Defaults and Payment Delays for Cash Transfers: Field Experimental Evidence from Malawi∗', 'Lasse Brune†, Xavier Gin´e‡, Jessica Goldberg§, and Dean Yang', '2017', 'Journals', '', '64097', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Financial products and transfer schemes are typically designed to improve welfare by helping individuals follow through on their intertemporal plans. We implement an artefactual ﬁeld experiment in Malawi to test the ability of households to manage a cash windfall by varying whether 474 households receive a payment in cash or through direct deposit into pre-established accounts at a local bank. Payments are made immediately, with one day delay, or with eight days delay. Defaulting the payments into savings accounts leads to higher net deposits into bank accounts, an eﬀect that persists for a number of weeks afterwards. However, neither savings defaults nor payment delays aﬀect the amount or composition of spending, suggesting that households manage cash eﬀectively without the use of formal ﬁnancial products.\r\n∗The authors gratefully acknowledge the ﬁnancial support of the Yale Savings and Payments Research Fund at Innovations for Poverty Action, sponsored by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. We thank Stacy Pancratz for her excellent oversight of ﬁeld work, and we appreciate helpful comments from Joshua Blumenstock, Tarek Ghani, Susan Godlonton, Margaret McConnell, and Lore Vandevalle. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the World Bank, its executive directors, or the countries they represent. All errors and omissions are our own. †Yale University, lasse.brune@yale.edu ‡World Bank, xgine@worldbank.org §University of Maryland, goldberg@econ.umd.edu ¶University of Michigan, deanyang@umich.edu\r\n', 'Lasse Brune†, Xavier Gin´e‡, Jessica Goldberg§, and Dean Yang (2017), Savings Defaults and Payment Delays for Cash Transfers: Field Experimental Evidence from Malawi∗.', 'Lasse Brune†, Xavier Gin´e‡, Jessica Goldberg§, and Dean Yang, Savings Defaults and Payment Delays for Cash Transfers: Field Experimental Evidence from Malawi∗(2017).', 'Lasse Brune†, Xavier Gin´e‡, Jessica Goldberg§, and Dean Yang (2017), Savings Defaults and Payment Delays for Cash Transfers: Field Experimental Evidence from Malawi∗.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(240, 'Social  protection the role of cash transfers', 'Dag Ehrenpreis', '2006', 'Corporate Reports', '', '52307', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'T he UN Millennium Development Goals address many dimensions of extreme poverty – including penury, hunger, disease, analfabetism and inadequate housing – while promoting gender equality and environmental sustainability. Poverty reduction is the result of several interacting factors, including importantly: redistribution of incomes, assets, and opportunities; pro-poor economic growth; and social provision and protection. This issue of IPC’s journal Poverty in Focus highlights the importance of social protection in the struggle against global poverty. Inequality reduction and pro-poor growth will be the theme of the next issue.\r\nSocial protection aims to enhance the capacity of poor and vulnerable persons to manage economic and social risks, such as unemployment, exclusion, sickness, disability and old age. Policy interventions can improve their well-being by, among other things, moderating the impact of shocks causing sharp reductions in their income or consumption. Social protection and provision can also enhance the productive capabilities of poor men and women, reducing poverty and inequality and stimulating pro-poor growth.\r\nLike other policy areas, social policies involve choices and priorities, for example between mere social safety nets and promotion of sustainable livelihoods, short term alleviation and long-term elimination of poverty, universal and targeted programmes, conditional and unconditional schemes, food and cash transfers, etc. Criteria must be set for selecting which households, and who within them, should receive the benefits. If schemes are conditional, then on what: participation in education, health, nutrition and/or work programmes? Is such participation by the poor and needy in fact constrained by demand or supply factors? Can institutional and management capacity cope effectively?\r\nThese are some of the issues policy planners need to consider, and this Poverty in Focus journal covers many of them. The first article discusses the basic social policy choice of targeting vs. universalism, i.e. whether social benefits are a basic right for all citizens or only for the truly needy and deserving. Policy regimes are usually somewhere between these two extremes, but where they lie on this continuum can be decisive in spelling out individuals’ life chances and in characterizing the social order.\r\nThen, a broad view of social protection for the poorest is presented, which envisages social protection as having both short- and long-term roles in poverty reduction; several illustrative project and programme examples are presented and then highlighted in text boxes throughout the journal in their regional context.\r\nIn South Africa, a proposal for a universal income grant has engendered an intense debate. The implications of such a scheme are analysed in the following article, including both poverty reduction outcomes and the macro-economic feasibility. This is followed by an article summarising an IPC study of conditional cash transfers in 15 African low-income countries, and a presentation of an unconditional cash transfer pilot scheme in Zambia.\r\nThe next region in this journal is Asia, where two new Indian laws guarantee employment for all poor households as well as the right to public information for full transparency; furher, a pilot programme targeting the ultra-poor in Bangladesh shows promising results.\r\nThen, the journal highlights the current trend in Latin America towards targeted and conditional cash transfers. Although homegrown and originated with domestic funding, these programmes have received enthusiastic and substantial support from the international community, and they are being promoted elsewhere. What are the challenges and lessons from this region and are they transferable? Another domestic model is provided by the targeted and comprehensive Chile Solidario programme.\r\nFinally, there is a bilateral donor representative’s view of the role of social protection with cash transfers in promoting pro-poor growth and poverty reduction; also how donors are working together with developing country partners for providing more effective support towards this end.\r\nWe hope you will find this issue of Poverty in Focus useful and stimulating', 'Dag Ehrenpreis (2006), Social  protection the role of cash transfers.', 'Dag Ehrenpreis, Social  protection the role of cash transfers(2006).', 'Dag Ehrenpreis (2006), Social  protection the role of cash transfers.', '01 social protection.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 32, 3),
(241, 'Discussion Paper Malawi Case Study: Social Protection Measures and Labour Markets November 2012                                                    Innovative Financing for Development: A New Model for', '', '2012', 'Corporate Reports', '', '19419', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Discussion Paper Malawi Case Study: Social Protection Measures and Labour Markets\r\nNovember 2012 \r\n                              \r\n             Malawi is a Least Developed Country (LDC) with a predominantly rural population engaged in agriculture. The agricultural economy is dominated by small-scale farms (tended by people known as ‘smallholders’) that produce commodity crops (mainly tobacco, coffee and cotton) and food for subsistence (maize, pulses, roots and tubers). Most smallholders cultivate less than one hectare. Poverty is deep and widespread across the land. As a result of their weak asset base, low technology adoption, limited land and labour constraints, the majority of rural households are highly vulnerable to shocks, whether generalized (such as drought) or household-specific (such as death). This weak resilience has hindered the ability of smallholders to move out of poverty and of the country to develop rapidly. Despite these structural impediments, there is now quantifiable evidence that measures intended to reduce smallholder vulnerability have begun to pay off, resulting in a decline in relative and absolute poverty. The benefit seemingly extends to all strata of the Malawian poor, urban and rural. Strengthening small farms has contributed towards rapid economic growth within the agricultural sector and broader economy, whilst, at the household level, it has led to improved food security as well as asset accumulation (cash, livestock and durable goods).\r\nThis paper describes and analyses the impact that pro-poor programmes and social protection (SP) measures in particular have had on reducing poverty and mitigating the vulnerability of the Malawian poor. Social protection here refers to the broad range of measures designed and implemented by the state and its partners in development to reduce poverty and strengthen the resilience of the population to shocks. The case focuses on the agricultural sector and its labour market dynamics. Over the past 15 years, a range of SP measures has been instituted; the measures that have been most extensive in scale and scope, whilst having the greatest impact on poverty, are those that have sought to enhance the productivity of small-scale agriculture through input subsidies. The paper also examines the impact of these programmes and considers their potential to reduce poverty through providing decent work within the agricultural sector and through the role of agriculture as an engine of economic growth. ', ' (2012), Discussion Paper Malawi Case Study: Social Protection Measures and Labour Markets November 2012                                                    Innovative Financing for Development: A New Model for Development.', ', Discussion Paper Malawi Case Study: Social Protection Measures and Labour Markets November 2012                                                    Innovative Financing for Development: A New Model for Development(2012).', ' (2012), Discussion Paper Malawi Case Study: Social Protection Measures and Labour Markets November 2012                                                    Innovative Financing for Development: A New Model for Development.', '02mala.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 17, 44, 3),
(242, 'Cash Transfers and Children’s Education and Labour among Malawi’s Poor ', 'Candace Miller and Maxton Tsoka ∗ ', '2012', 'Journals', '', '73957', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This article examines the impact on children’s education and labour of monthly cash grants targeted on ultra-poor households and designed to reduce poverty and enable families to invest in human development. It conducts a randomised community trial, with baseline and endline surveys of intervention and control households; verifies school enrolment; and completes key-informant interviews and focus-group discussions. Compared with non-beneficiaries, intervention children experienced a 5 percentage point difference in enrolment, higher educational expenditures, fewer absences, and a 10 percentage point decrease in labour outside the home. Qualitative data confirm the quantitative findings. Transfers to poor households had a positive impact. However, the Malawian educational system needs to be improved for short-term impacts to lead to long-term development in human capital', 'Candace Miller and Maxton Tsoka ∗  (2012), Cash Transfers and Children’s Education and Labour among Malawi’s Poor .', 'Candace Miller and Maxton Tsoka ∗ , Cash Transfers and Children’s Education and Labour among Malawi’s Poor (2012).', 'Candace Miller and Maxton Tsoka ∗  (2012), Cash Transfers and Children’s Education and Labour among Malawi’s Poor .', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(243, 'Social Protection and Informal Workers  in Malawi ', 'Wezi Galera Shaba', '2013', 'Journals', '', '80673', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Social protection has been defined differently by several authors. The United Nations define social protection as a set of public and private policies and programmes undertaken by societies in response to various contingencies to offset the absence or substantial reduction of income from work; to provide assi stance for families with children as well as provide people with health care and housing (UN , 2001). On the other hand, van Ginneken (2003) sees it as benefits that society provides to individuals and households; through public and collective measures; to guarantee them a minimum standard of living and to protect them against a low or declining living standards arising out of a number of basic needs. Varied the definitions may be, social protection aims at income redistribution in order to protect everyone against poverty.   It is well documented that social protection systems were established to replace the traditional family or neighbourhood solidarity which were greatly undermined by industrialisation, rural emigration and urban development. Without social protection, poor people are prone to increased risks of sinking below the poverty line; worse still, to remain stuck in poverty. Above all, Social protection is also a human right as defined by Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: ‘everyone has a right to social s ecurity and is entitled to realisation through national effort and international cooperation’ (UN, n.d). Though it is a human right, coverage of social protection, especially for those in the informal sector is very limited in many developing countries including Malawi. This paper discusses the history and evol u-tion of social protection in Malawi, explores the coverage of existing social security schemes, highlights the legislative frameworks governing social security in the country and examines the ', 'Wezi Galera Shaba (2013), Social Protection and Informal Workers  in Malawi .', 'Wezi Galera Shaba, Social Protection and Informal Workers  in Malawi (2013).', 'Wezi Galera Shaba (2013), Social Protection and Informal Workers  in Malawi .', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3);
