Malawi is a small but densely populated country in Southern Africa. Fish is an important part of
the nutrition of Malawians, providing essential protein and micronutrients. However, per capita
fish consumption has halved over the ten-year period between 1988 to 1998 due to over-fishing in
the lakes and doubling of the population since the 1970s, accompanied by an increase in the price
of fish. This has worsened access to food insecurity, especially in rural areas, in a country where an
estimated 66 per cent of the population consume less than the minimum daily calorie requirement.
This paper presents an ex-post impact assessment of the development and dissemination of smallscale
integrated aquaculture-agriculture technologies by The WorldFish Center and its national and
international partners over more than 15 years in Malawi. The impact study measures the effects of
these outputs on the degree of integrated aquaculture-agriculture (IAA) technology adoption and
diffusion, the effects on farm income and health of household members, and the welfare effects of
increased fish supply on the Malawian economy.