INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(244, 'Social  protection the role of cash transfers', 'Marta Luzes ', '2017', 'Journals', '', '61254', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Education plays one of the most important roles in the development discourse and several programs and policies have been developed that aim to address the challenges existent. One of these programs is Cash Transfers (CT’s), interventions that rely on the distribution of money, either conditional or unconditional on pre-established norms, to improve the well being of the beneficiaries. However, its effects in the long-term have been questioned. This paper presents a study of a cash transfer program in Malawi and its 5- year follow-up. The study is constructed on the assumption that cash transfers serve as a technical fix for a much structural and complex problem that is caused by much more than economic poverty. It defends that once the intervention ends so does the results, since as no rooted transformation took course, people return to their own costumes and reality.   ', 'Marta Luzes  (2017), Social  protection the role of cash transfers.', 'Marta Luzes , Social  protection the role of cash transfers(2017).', 'Marta Luzes  (2017), Social  protection the role of cash transfers.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(245, 'ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AGRICULTURAL  POLICIES IN MALAWI: A CASE STUDY OF MAIZE POLICIES ', 'HORACE HAPPY PHIRI ', '2013', 'Corporate Reports', '', '69141', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Producer Support Estimate (PSE) for the staple food crop maize were calculated in this \r\nstudy to add to knowledge on the incentives and disincentives that created by public \r\npolicy in agriculture. All the PSE were negative implying that producers are implicitly \r\ntaxed through policies that transfer income from producers to consumers. Using a \r\nNewey –West regression analysis political economy explanations to agricultural \r\nprotection were tested. It was observed that; PSE increased with increasing levels of \r\nsocial accountability, international donor pressure and declining production. \r\nNeopatrimonialism was also found to negatively affect producer \r\nsupport.Autoregressive Distributed Lag model results show that the PSE granger \r\ncauses production and that one percent change in PSE results in a 0.24% change in \r\nnational maize output. \r\nEvidence from the ARIMA model showed that the political power varies with changes \r\nin maize prices and income. In general, the results obtained in this study show that the \r\npolicy making process in Malawi is not driven by efficiency motives alone but rather a \r\npolitical economy framework with its own demands that have to be understood. The \r\nfollowing recommendations are therefore put forward; policy stakeholders should have \r\nan understanding of political preferences and incorporate them in their policy options \r\nif their advice is to be relevant in the policy processes; interest groups have shown to \r\nhave strong influence on policy outcomes therefore policy reforms should be designed \r\nin a way that ensures that affected groups accept reform to avoid political pressure \r\ninduced reversals.  ', 'HORACE HAPPY PHIRI  (2013), ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AGRICULTURAL  POLICIES IN MALAWI: A CASE STUDY OF MAIZE POLICIES .', 'HORACE HAPPY PHIRI , ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AGRICULTURAL  POLICIES IN MALAWI: A CASE STUDY OF MAIZE POLICIES (2013).', 'HORACE HAPPY PHIRI  (2013), ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AGRICULTURAL  POLICIES IN MALAWI: A CASE STUDY OF MAIZE POLICIES .', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 29, 3),
(246, 'Protecting Malawian Children and Youth Through Social and Financial Entrepreneurship', 'Wendy-Ann Rowe and Rediet Abiy', '2013', 'Journals', '', '57714', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Among Malawi’s vulnerable children, there are some who are proving that they can make their own lives and the lives of other children around them safer. Those children are being taught social and financial entrepreneurship—and are demonstrating how they can be agents of social change within their communities.\r\nFrom 2010 to 2012, Catholic Relief Services collaborated with diocesan partners and Netherlands-based Aflatoun, Child Savings International, in an effort to strengthen the child protection functions of Malawi’s Children’s Corners initiative, a community-based education and support program for vulnerable children 6 to 18 years old. The program uses a curriculum that builds children’s self-confidence, teaches them their rights and responsibilities as well as practical skills in saving, spending, planning and budgeting. Aflatoun also encourages social and financial enterprise—the practice of identifying not just the problems within their communities, but creative, practical and achievable solutions to those problems.\r\nSupported by UNICEF’s Brighter Futures project, CRS’ partners implemented the Aflatoun program in 20 Children’s Corners. The outcome: children equipped with the knowledge they need to advocate for their rights and the rights of their peers, the confidence to act on their behalf and on the behalf of other vulnerable children in their communities, and the skills to plan better futures for themselves.\r\nThis learning paper outlines the preliminary findings and experiences of how the Aflatoun program helps strengthen the child protection function of Children’s Corners in Malawi. To date, many of Aflatoun’s programs have been implemented in a formal education context in collaboration with the Ministry of Education. This is one of the few cases where the model is being applied in an informal/out-of-school context. These lessons are intended to support the learning needs of CRS, partners and peer organizations that have expressed interest in incorporating the Aflatoun model in their existing out of school programs.', 'Wendy-Ann Rowe and Rediet Abiy (2013), Protecting Malawian Children and Youth Through Social and Financial Entrepreneurship.', 'Wendy-Ann Rowe and Rediet Abiy, Protecting Malawian Children and Youth Through Social and Financial Entrepreneurship(2013).', 'Wendy-Ann Rowe and Rediet Abiy (2013), Protecting Malawian Children and Youth Through Social and Financial Entrepreneurship.', '04.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(247, 'Protecting Malawian Children and Youth Through Social and Financial Entrepreneurship', 'Wendy-Ann Rowe and Rediet Abiy', '2013', 'Journals', '', '80013', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Among Malawi’s vulnerable children, there are some who are proving that they can make their own lives and the lives of other children around them safer. Those children are being taught social and financial entrepreneurship—and are demonstrating how they can be agents of social change within their communities.\r\nFrom 2010 to 2012, Catholic Relief Services collaborated with diocesan partners and Netherlands-based Aflatoun, Child Savings International, in an effort to strengthen the child protection functions of Malawi’s Children’s Corners initiative, a community-based education and support program for vulnerable children 6 to 18 years old. The program uses a curriculum that builds children’s self-confidence, teaches them their rights and responsibilities as well as practical skills in saving, spending, planning and budgeting. Aflatoun also encourages social and financial enterprise—the practice of identifying not just the problems within their communities, but creative, practical and achievable solutions to those problems.\r\nSupported by UNICEF’s Brighter Futures project, CRS’ partners implemented the Aflatoun program in 20 Children’s Corners. The outcome: children equipped with the knowledge they need to advocate for their rights and the rights of their peers, the confidence to act on their behalf and on the behalf of other vulnerable children in their communities, and the skills to plan better futures for themselves.\r\nThis learning paper outlines the preliminary findings and experiences of how the Aflatoun program helps strengthen the child protection function of Children’s Corners in Malawi. To date, many of Aflatoun’s programs have been implemented in a formal education context in collaboration with the Ministry of Education. This is one of the few cases where the model is being applied in an informal/out-of-school context. These lessons are intended to support the learning needs of CRS, partners and peer organizations that have expressed interest in incorporating the Aflatoun model in their existing out of school programs.', 'Wendy-Ann Rowe and Rediet Abiy (2013), Protecting Malawian Children and Youth Through Social and Financial Entrepreneurship.', 'Wendy-Ann Rowe and Rediet Abiy, Protecting Malawian Children and Youth Through Social and Financial Entrepreneurship(2013).', 'Wendy-Ann Rowe and Rediet Abiy (2013), Protecting Malawian Children and Youth Through Social and Financial Entrepreneurship.', '04.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(248, 'Direct and Indirect Eﬀects of Malawi’s Public Works Program on Food Security∗', 'Kathleen Beegle†, Emanuela Galasso‡, and Jessica Goldberg§', '2017', 'Corporate Reports', '', '60040', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Labor-intensive public works programs are important social protection tools in lowincome settings, intended to supplement the income of poor households and improve public infrastructure. In this evaluation of the Malawi Social Action Fund, an atscale, government-operated program, across- and within-village randomization is used to estimate eﬀects on food security and use of fertilizer. There is no evidence that the program improves food security and suggestive evidence of negative spillovers to untreated households. These disappointing results hold even under modiﬁcations to the design of the program to oﬀer work during the lean rather than harvest season or increase the frequency of payments. These ﬁndings stand in contrast to those from large PWPs in India and Ethiopia, and serves as a reminder that public works programs will not always have signiﬁcant and measurable welfare eﬀects. JEL Codes: I31, J22, O1. Keywords: public works, food security, Malawi', 'Kathleen Beegle†, Emanuela Galasso‡, and Jessica Goldberg§ (2017), Direct and Indirect Eﬀects of Malawi’s Public Works Program on Food Security∗.', 'Kathleen Beegle†, Emanuela Galasso‡, and Jessica Goldberg§, Direct and Indirect Eﬀects of Malawi’s Public Works Program on Food Security∗(2017).', 'Kathleen Beegle†, Emanuela Galasso‡, and Jessica Goldberg§ (2017), Direct and Indirect Eﬀects of Malawi’s Public Works Program on Food Security∗.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 42, 3),
(249, 'Health & Place', 'Mphatso Kamndayaa,n, Lawrence N. Kazembeb, Jo Veareyc, Caroline W. Kabirud, Liz Thomasa ', '2015', 'Public Reports', '', '11903', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'We explore relations among material deprivation (measured by insufﬁcient housing, food insecurity and poor healthcare access), socio-economic status (employment, income and education) and coercive sex. A binary logistic multi-level model is used in the estimation of data from a survey of 1071 young people aged 18–23 years, undertaken between June and July 2013, in the urban slums of Blantyre, Malawi. For young men, unemployment was associated with coercive sex (odds ratio [OR]¼1.77, 95% conﬁdence interval [CI]: 1.09–3.21) while material deprivation (OR¼1.34, 95% CI: 0.75–2.39) was not. Young women in materially deprived households were more likely to report coercive sex (OR¼1.37, 95% CI: 1.07–2.22) than in non-materially deprived households. Analysis of local indicators of deprivation is critical to inform the development of effective strategies to reduce coercive sex in urban slums in Malawi. & 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (', 'Mphatso Kamndayaa,n, Lawrence N. Kazembeb, Jo Veareyc, Caroline W. Kabirud, Liz Thomasa  (2015), Health & Place.', 'Mphatso Kamndayaa,n, Lawrence N. Kazembeb, Jo Veareyc, Caroline W. Kabirud, Liz Thomasa , Health & Place(2015).', 'Mphatso Kamndayaa,n, Lawrence N. Kazembeb, Jo Veareyc, Caroline W. Kabirud, Liz Thomasa  (2015), Health & Place.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(250, 'Sciverse scienceDIRECT', 'Ren Ji-Honga,Chen Jiang-Chenga,Wang Nanb', '2011', 'Journals', '', '94276', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'SOM network (self-organizing feature map neural network) learning with no instructors which has self-adaptive, self-learning features. The advantage is to maintain the topology of original data. It is in extensive application in the field of the data classification, knowledge acquisition, process monitoring fault identification and so on. SOM network is used for rotor fault diagnosis. The U matrix map and D matrix is used as visualization tools to simulate and analyses the classification results, and it is com-pared with the general SOM network clustering results. The conclusion is that the SOM network visualization method is simple and easy to understand, and has high rate in fault discrimination. ', 'Ren Ji-Honga,Chen Jiang-Chenga,Wang Nanb (2011), Sciverse scienceDIRECT.', 'Ren Ji-Honga,Chen Jiang-Chenga,Wang Nanb, Sciverse scienceDIRECT(2011).', 'Ren Ji-Honga,Chen Jiang-Chenga,Wang Nanb (2011), Sciverse scienceDIRECT.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(251, 'Seed Trade Liberalization and Agro-Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa', 'David Rohrbach and Julie Howard', '2004', 'Corporate Reports', '', '92385', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This publication examines seed trade liberalization in Africa, identifies lessons learnt during earlier liberalization efforts, and discusses the impacts of liberalization on agro-biodiversity. ICRISAT and Michigan State University collaborated on an FAO-funded project to study these issues, with a view to strengthening ongoing government efforts to reform and harmonize seed policy and seed trade regulations in various regions in Africa. These are the proceedings of the end-of-project workshop held at Matopos, Zimbabwe, during 5-6 Dec 2002. The proceedings review the status of seed policy reform in West Africa, East Africa and Southern Africa; discuss lessons learned through an analysis of the reform process; and identify and prioritize follow-up activities. An economic model is also presented, as a framework for analyzing the costs and benefits associated with various reforms, for example regional registration of new varieties, harmonization of phytosanitary laws; and appropriate strategies for national and regional plant breeding programs. The reform and harmonization process is relatively advanced in East Africa, and could provide a model for other regions. But key issues still remain to be addressed. In East Africa, technical agreements established during earlier discussions need to be implemented, and the reform process extended beyond the three countries currently involved. In Southern Africa, such technical agreements are yet to be established. In West Africa a coordinating agency must be identified, to guide the reform process, and governments must strengthen the almost non-existent private seed sector. Capacity building will be needed in all regions, in order to effectively implement reforms', 'David Rohrbach and Julie Howard (2004), Seed Trade Liberalization and Agro-Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa.', 'David Rohrbach and Julie Howard, Seed Trade Liberalization and Agro-Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa(2004).', 'David Rohrbach and Julie Howard (2004), Seed Trade Liberalization and Agro-Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa.', '0pdf.PNG', 'Neytech Solutions', 17, 37, 3),
(252, 'Capacity Strengthening for Agricultural Policy Analysis and Research in Nigeria – A Roadmap Towards a Strategy ', 'Prabuddha Sanyal and Suresh Babu IFPRI   ', '2010', 'Corporate Reports', '', '71540', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper deals with the human resource development and institutional capacity strengthening in Nigeria as they relate to policy analysis and research capacity in addressing the problems of poverty and food security. The findings of the paper show that there exist several human, physical, and institutional capacity gaps for designing and implementing agricultural policies in Nigeria. The main gaps are a limited understanding of the relationships between institutional, human, and physical resources and the impact of policy on end-users at every level in the process of designing, implementing, and monitoring policies; limited linkages between universities, research institutions, and policymakers; and the lack of coordinated activities among the various organizations involved in knowledge management.  This paper provides suggestions for effectively addressing the main gaps.. First, strengthening agriculture and rural development policymaking institutions through education, knowledge, and communications remains important for improving the quality and timeliness of policy-relevant research. Second, it is important to develop staff capacities with respect to policy research, analysis, implementation, and monitoring.  Finally, a minimum set of indicators needs to be monitored regularly by  concerned Nigerian ministries for an effective capacity strengthening strategy in order to achieve the short-term, medium-term and longterm targets for an evidence-based, pro-poor, gender sensitive, and environmentally sustainable agriculture.  ', 'Prabuddha Sanyal and Suresh Babu IFPRI    (2010), Capacity Strengthening for Agricultural Policy Analysis and Research in Nigeria – A Roadmap Towards a Strategy .', 'Prabuddha Sanyal and Suresh Babu IFPRI   , Capacity Strengthening for Agricultural Policy Analysis and Research in Nigeria – A Roadmap Towards a Strategy (2010).', 'Prabuddha Sanyal and Suresh Babu IFPRI    (2010), Capacity Strengthening for Agricultural Policy Analysis and Research in Nigeria – A Roadmap Towards a Strategy .', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 29, 3),
(253, 'Indicators for Monitoring and Evaluation of Agricultural Performance and Shared Goals in Southern Africa', 'O. O. Olubode-Awosola, P. Chilonda, I. Minde and Y. Bhatt', '2008', 'Corporate Reports', '', '12851', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Since the early 1990s, countries in Africa, and southern Africa in particular, have recognised the contribution that agriculture can and should play in achieving the first Millennium Development Goal (MGD1) targets of halving poverty and hunger by 2015. To this end they have set a number of targets under different initiatives to harness the roles of agriculture in reducing poverty and hunger and enhancing economic and household income growth. These initiatives include the targets set in the Africa Union New Partnership for Africa’s Development (AU/NePAD)’s Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) of achieving at least a 6% agricultural growth rate per annum by investing at least 10% of national budgets in agriculture under the Maputo Declaration (African Union, 2003). The other initiative, specific to the southern Africa, is the Southern African Development Community (SADC)’s Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP), which includes regional integration and other national agricultural growth targets', 'O. O. Olubode-Awosola, P. Chilonda, I. Minde and Y. Bhatt (2008), Indicators for Monitoring and Evaluation of Agricultural Performance and Shared Goals in Southern Africa.', 'O. O. Olubode-Awosola, P. Chilonda, I. Minde and Y. Bhatt, Indicators for Monitoring and Evaluation of Agricultural Performance and Shared Goals in Southern Africa(2008).', 'O. O. Olubode-Awosola, P. Chilonda, I. Minde and Y. Bhatt (2008), Indicators for Monitoring and Evaluation of Agricultural Performance and Shared Goals in Southern Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 28, 3),
(254, 'Comparative Economic Advantage in Agricultural Trade and Production in Malawi', 'T.O. Nakhumwa D.H. Ng’ong’ola I.J. Minde V. Lungu H.E. Mapemba ', '1999', 'Exclusive interviews', '', '93738', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'An approach of Comparative Economic Advantage (CEA) was employed to evaluate the economic efficiency of the country’s resources in producing some crops: tobacco, paprika, macadamia, tea, cotton, hybrid and local maize, groundnuts, phaseolous beans and soyabeans. These crops were selected using a multiple objective table. The following is a list of objectives from which the research team’s scores were based: area covered by the crop, tolerance to drought, employment generation, contribution to nutrition, contribution to foreign income generation and value to land ratio. The crops were ranked based on the scores accorded and the top ten were selected for the study.\r\nAs part of the trade studies in eastern and southern Africa, this study was conducted to investigate the comparative economic advantage in agricultural trade and production. The study was aimed at achieving the following specific objectives:\r\n• Evaluate the CEA of alternative agricultural production activities in the various agro-ecological zones, different technological levels and land tenure systems in Malawi;\r\n• Analyze the potential impact of removing the existing price and policy distortions on the economic efficiency of the alternative productive uses of the country’s resources;\r\n• Identify areas of policy, technology and institutional intervention to enhance economic efficiency and direct agricultural resources to their most productive uses; and\r\n• Build the Malawi country data component needed for conducting the regional analysis of CEA and trade of agricultural commodities from southern Africa.\r\nThe study considered two levels of production technology: low input and high input technologies. Low input technology included smallholder farmers operating mainly under customary land tenure. High input\r\ntechnology was comprised of large estates operating exclusively under leasehold or free hold land tenure system. The study utilized GIS to generate the agro-ecological zones for the various crops. The agro-ecological zones were placed in their respective Agricultural Development Divisions (ADD) to facilitate estimation of the domestic transport costs. Three major market nodes were identified: Blantyre in the south, Lilongwe in the center and Mzuzu in the north. The eight ADDs were thus linked to these market nodes based on their distance from a particular node.\r\nIt has been demonstrated in this study that most of the zones have a comparative advantage in production of most of the crops which were selected for study. In the areas of production, the following crops have exceptionally strong domestic resource cost ratios: cotton, paprika, macadamia, tobacco and groundnuts in all areas of production. These crops, with exception of tobacco which is now experiencing declining world demand due to the anti-smoking campaigns, need to be emphasized as the country’s major export crops. All these crops have a very strong demand on the world market and exceptionally attractive social prices (world market prices). Therefore, it would be worthy to invest in these commodities as a viable option to widen the export basket of the country.\r\nThere is a reasonable comparative economic advantage in the production of hybrid maize with domestic resource cost ratios ranging between 0.35 and 0.88; 0.42 and 0.76, growing under high and low input technological levels, respectively. However, the comparative advantage in hybrid maize production is lost in zones far from the exit/entry port, i.e., Nacala, due to huge transportation costs borne in those areas. There is no comparative advantage in local maize and soyabean production in most zones. Only Ngabu has a comparative advantage in soyabeans produced as an export crop. Lack of comparative advantage in these crops are traced from low world market prices, especially for soyabeans, and low productivity (yield per hectare) on the world market', 'T.O. Nakhumwa D.H. Ng’ong’ola I.J. Minde V. Lungu H.E. Mapemba  (1999), Comparative Economic Advantage in Agricultural Trade and Production in Malawi.', 'T.O. Nakhumwa D.H. Ng’ong’ola I.J. Minde V. Lungu H.E. Mapemba , Comparative Economic Advantage in Agricultural Trade and Production in Malawi(1999).', 'T.O. Nakhumwa D.H. Ng’ong’ola I.J. Minde V. Lungu H.E. Mapemba  (1999), Comparative Economic Advantage in Agricultural Trade and Production in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 24, 59, 3),
(255, 'Comparative Economic Advantage in Agricultural Trade and Production in Malawi', 'T.O. Nakhumwa D.H. Ng’ong’ola I.J. Minde V. Lungu H.E. Mapemba ', '1999', 'Exclusive interviews', '', '51366', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'An approach of Comparative Economic Advantage (CEA) was employed to evaluate the economic efficiency of the country’s resources in producing some crops: tobacco, paprika, macadamia, tea, cotton, hybrid and local maize, groundnuts, phaseolous beans and soyabeans. These crops were selected using a multiple objective table. The following is a list of objectives from which the research team’s scores were based: area covered by the crop, tolerance to drought, employment generation, contribution to nutrition, contribution to foreign income generation and value to land ratio. The crops were ranked based on the scores accorded and the top ten were selected for the study.\r\nAs part of the trade studies in eastern and southern Africa, this study was conducted to investigate the comparative economic advantage in agricultural trade and production. The study was aimed at achieving the following specific objectives:\r\n• Evaluate the CEA of alternative agricultural production activities in the various agro-ecological zones, different technological levels and land tenure systems in Malawi;\r\n• Analyze the potential impact of removing the existing price and policy distortions on the economic efficiency of the alternative productive uses of the country’s resources;\r\n• Identify areas of policy, technology and institutional intervention to enhance economic efficiency and direct agricultural resources to their most productive uses; and\r\n• Build the Malawi country data component needed for conducting the regional analysis of CEA and trade of agricultural commodities from southern Africa.\r\nThe study considered two levels of production technology: low input and high input technologies. Low input technology included smallholder farmers operating mainly under customary land tenure. High input\r\ntechnology was comprised of large estates operating exclusively under leasehold or free hold land tenure system. The study utilized GIS to generate the agro-ecological zones for the various crops. The agro-ecological zones were placed in their respective Agricultural Development Divisions (ADD) to facilitate estimation of the domestic transport costs. Three major market nodes were identified: Blantyre in the south, Lilongwe in the center and Mzuzu in the north. The eight ADDs were thus linked to these market nodes based on their distance from a particular node.\r\nIt has been demonstrated in this study that most of the zones have a comparative advantage in production of most of the crops which were selected for study. In the areas of production, the following crops have exceptionally strong domestic resource cost ratios: cotton, paprika, macadamia, tobacco and groundnuts in all areas of production. These crops, with exception of tobacco which is now experiencing declining world demand due to the anti-smoking campaigns, need to be emphasized as the country’s major export crops. All these crops have a very strong demand on the world market and exceptionally attractive social prices (world market prices). Therefore, it would be worthy to invest in these commodities as a viable option to widen the export basket of the country.\r\nThere is a reasonable comparative economic advantage in the production of hybrid maize with domestic resource cost ratios ranging between 0.35 and 0.88; 0.42 and 0.76, growing under high and low input technological levels, respectively. However, the comparative advantage in hybrid maize production is lost in zones far from the exit/entry port, i.e., Nacala, due to huge transportation costs borne in those areas. There is no comparative advantage in local maize and soyabean production in most zones. Only Ngabu has a comparative advantage in soyabeans produced as an export crop. Lack of comparative advantage in these crops are traced from low world market prices, especially for soyabeans, and low productivity (yield per hectare) on the world market', 'T.O. Nakhumwa D.H. Ng’ong’ola I.J. Minde V. Lungu H.E. Mapemba  (1999), Comparative Economic Advantage in Agricultural Trade and Production in Malawi.', 'T.O. Nakhumwa D.H. Ng’ong’ola I.J. Minde V. Lungu H.E. Mapemba , Comparative Economic Advantage in Agricultural Trade and Production in Malawi(1999).', 'T.O. Nakhumwa D.H. Ng’ong’ola I.J. Minde V. Lungu H.E. Mapemba  (1999), Comparative Economic Advantage in Agricultural Trade and Production in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 17, 52, 3),
(256, 'A Portrait of Informal Sector Credit and Interest Rates in Malawi: Interpolated Monthly Time Series ', 'Harold Ngalawa   ', '2014', 'Government Reports', '', '65976', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Although informal ﬁnance forms a large part of their ﬁnancial sector, nearly all low income countries exclude informal transactions in oﬃcial monetary data. Usually, informal ﬁnance data are nonexistent and occasionally, they are available only from surveys that often occur at irregular intervals and mostly with incomparable data. Using two survey datasets, indigenous knowledge, and elements of Friedman’s data interpolation technique, this study constructs monthly time series of informal credit and interest rates for Malawi. The study argues that datasets constructed in this manner may be used with minimal loss of substance in place of the actual but nonexistent data. JEL codes: Z13, E43, E44, E51 Keywords: Informal ﬁnancial sector, low income countries, interpolation', 'Harold Ngalawa    (2014), A Portrait of Informal Sector Credit and Interest Rates in Malawi: Interpolated Monthly Time Series .', 'Harold Ngalawa   , A Portrait of Informal Sector Credit and Interest Rates in Malawi: Interpolated Monthly Time Series (2014).', 'Harold Ngalawa    (2014), A Portrait of Informal Sector Credit and Interest Rates in Malawi: Interpolated Monthly Time Series .', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 10, 3),
(257, 'STOP THE BLEEDING, HEAL THE WOUND: THE ROLE OF FERTILIZER SUBSIDIES IN FOOD SECURITY,', '   MARIE S. JAVDANI', '2009', 'Government Reports', '', '35751', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Marie S. Javdani for the degree of Master ofArts\r\nin the Department ofGeography to be taken September 2009\r\nTitle: STOP THE BLEEDING, HEAL THE WOUND: THE ROLE OF FERTILIZER\r\nSUBSIDIES IN FOOD SECURIT , ZOMBA DISTRICT, MALAWI\r\n', '   MARIE S. JAVDANI (2009), STOP THE BLEEDING, HEAL THE WOUND: THE ROLE OF FERTILIZER SUBSIDIES IN FOOD SECURITY,.', '   MARIE S. JAVDANI, STOP THE BLEEDING, HEAL THE WOUND: THE ROLE OF FERTILIZER SUBSIDIES IN FOOD SECURITY,(2009).', '   MARIE S. JAVDANI (2009), STOP THE BLEEDING, HEAL THE WOUND: THE ROLE OF FERTILIZER SUBSIDIES IN FOOD SECURITY,.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 5, 15, 3),
(258, 'The public sector corruption and organised crime nexus: The case of the fertiliser subsidy programme in Malawi ', 'Richard I C Tambulasi', '', 'Newspapers', '', '30710', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The article argues that there is a direct link between corruption and organised crime. A case study of the Malawi fertiliser subsidy programme is used to highlight the fact that corruption not only gives rise to organised criminal groups but also acts as a lubricant for the effective operation and survival of such groups. In this regard, the prevailing corruption has given rise to organised criminal groups who have hijacked the whole process and either smuggled the subsidised fertiliser to other countries or took it for their personal use. The problem has been exacerbated by the international dimensions of the crime and the fact that traditional leaders, politicians and government officials have been key players in the process, thereby intensifying the corruption/organised crime nexus', 'Richard I C Tambulasi (), The public sector corruption and organised crime nexus: The case of the fertiliser subsidy programme in Malawi .', 'Richard I C Tambulasi, The public sector corruption and organised crime nexus: The case of the fertiliser subsidy programme in Malawi ().', 'Richard I C Tambulasi (), The public sector corruption and organised crime nexus: The case of the fertiliser subsidy programme in Malawi .', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 26, 75, 3),
(259, 'econstor ', 'Chiwaula, Levison; Waibel, Hermann', '2011', 'Corporate Reports', '', '84851', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Applying research on vulnerability to seasonal data, we assess seasonal vulnerability to poverty using panel data from the Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands in Nigeria involving 260. We find that both observed poverty and vulnerability to poverty vary seasonally and that these variations are related to household livelihood strategies. Basing on our findings policy interventions should aim at increasing crop productivity (both food and cash crops) and returns to crop sales as well as promoting income diversification to off-farm activities. Safety net programs should be implemented only after productivity-enhancing interventions have been implemented. Further research is proposed to particularly assess the influence of seasonal variation on household livelihood choices.   ', 'Chiwaula, Levison; Waibel, Hermann (2011), econstor .', 'Chiwaula, Levison; Waibel, Hermann, econstor (2011).', 'Chiwaula, Levison; Waibel, Hermann (2011), econstor .', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 34, 3),
(260, 'MONETARY POLICY TRANSMISSION MECHANISM AND GROWTH OF THE MANUFACTURING SECTORS IN LIBYA AND NIGERIA: DOES EXCHANGE RATE REGIME MATTER? ', 'The study examines the role of exchange rate regimes in determining the nature of relationship between monetary policy transmission mechanisms and manufacturing output growth in oil producing economie', '2017', 'Corporate Reports', '', '19052', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The study examines the role of exchange rate regimes in determining the nature of relationship between monetary policy transmission mechanisms and manufacturing output growth in oil producing economies in Africa. Libya and Nigeria were used in the study because of the different exchange rate regimes practice in both oil exporting countries. Nigeria as a net oil exporter practices flexible exchange rate while Libya as a net oil exporter practices fixed exchange rate system. The study employs structural variance decomposition approach (SVAR). It was found out from the study that exchange rate regime has some influences on the monetary policy transmission mechanism and its effectiveness on the manufacturing output growth in the two oil exporting countries. Oil price shocks affect the monetary policy instrument of both countries greatly. While monetary policy instrument appears to be ineffective in promoting output growth of the manufacturing sector in Libya that practices fixed exchange rate, the reverse is the case in Nigeria. Flexible exchange rate appears to create enabling environment for monetary policy instrument to influence manufacturing output growth positively in the face of oil price sho', 'The study examines the role of exchange rate regimes in determining the nature of relationship between monetary policy transmission mechanisms and manufacturing output growth in oil producing economies in Africa. Libya and Nigeria were used in the study because of the different exchange rate regimes practice in both oil exporting countries. Nigeria as a net oil exporter practices flexible exchange rate while Libya as a net oil exporter practices fixed exchange rate system. The study employs structural variance decomposition approach (SVAR). It was found out from the study that exchange rate regime has some influences on the monetary policy transmission mechanism and its effectiveness on the manufacturing output growth in the two oil exporting countries. Oil price shocks affect the monetary policy instrument of both countries greatly. While monetary policy instrument appears to be ineffective in promoting output growth of the manufacturing sector in Libya that practices fixed exchange rate, the reverse is the case in Nigeria. Flexible exchange rate appears to create enabling environment for monetary policy instrument to influence manufacturing output growth positively in the face of oil price sho (2017), MONETARY POLICY TRANSMISSION MECHANISM AND GROWTH OF THE MANUFACTURING SECTORS IN LIBYA AND NIGERIA: DOES EXCHANGE RATE REGIME MATTER? .', 'The study examines the role of exchange rate regimes in determining the nature of relationship between monetary policy transmission mechanisms and manufacturing output growth in oil producing economies in Africa. Libya and Nigeria were used in the study because of the different exchange rate regimes practice in both oil exporting countries. Nigeria as a net oil exporter practices flexible exchange rate while Libya as a net oil exporter practices fixed exchange rate system. The study employs structural variance decomposition approach (SVAR). It was found out from the study that exchange rate regime has some influences on the monetary policy transmission mechanism and its effectiveness on the manufacturing output growth in the two oil exporting countries. Oil price shocks affect the monetary policy instrument of both countries greatly. While monetary policy instrument appears to be ineffective in promoting output growth of the manufacturing sector in Libya that practices fixed exchange rate, the reverse is the case in Nigeria. Flexible exchange rate appears to create enabling environment for monetary policy instrument to influence manufacturing output growth positively in the face of oil price sho, MONETARY POLICY TRANSMISSION MECHANISM AND GROWTH OF THE MANUFACTURING SECTORS IN LIBYA AND NIGERIA: DOES EXCHANGE RATE REGIME MATTER? (2017).', 'The study examines the role of exchange rate regimes in determining the nature of relationship between monetary policy transmission mechanisms and manufacturing output growth in oil producing economies in Africa. Libya and Nigeria were used in the study because of the different exchange rate regimes practice in both oil exporting countries. Nigeria as a net oil exporter practices flexible exchange rate while Libya as a net oil exporter practices fixed exchange rate system. The study employs structural variance decomposition approach (SVAR). It was found out from the study that exchange rate regime has some influences on the monetary policy transmission mechanism and its effectiveness on the manufacturing output growth in the two oil exporting countries. Oil price shocks affect the monetary policy instrument of both countries greatly. While monetary policy instrument appears to be ineffective in promoting output growth of the manufacturing sector in Libya that practices fixed exchange rate, the reverse is the case in Nigeria. Flexible exchange rate appears to create enabling environment for monetary policy instrument to influence manufacturing output growth positively in the face of oil price sho (2017), MONETARY POLICY TRANSMISSION MECHANISM AND GROWTH OF THE MANUFACTURING SECTORS IN LIBYA AND NIGERIA: DOES EXCHANGE RATE REGIME MATTER? .', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 33, 3),
(261, 'Actual and PotentialWeather and Climate InformationNeedsforDevelopment Planning in Malawi: Results of a Future Climate for Africa PilotCaseStudy', 'Katharine Vincent1, Andrew J. Dougill2, Jami Dixon2, Lindsay C. Stringer2, Tracy Cull1, DavidD. Mkwambisi3 and Diana Chanika1', '2014', 'Corporate Reports', '', '35337', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'There is growing interest about how climate information can be used to better inform decision-making across a range of sectors and socio-political and environmental settings.To investigate thisacross subSaharan Africa, the Department for International Development (DFID) through the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) commissioned four pilot case studies in different countries to elicit the current and potential future use of weather and climate information in policy and planning. This report presents the findings fromthe Malawi case study that focused on national level policies, policy makers and decision making processes. The study was led by Kulima Integrated Development Solutionsandthe University of Leeds.To ensure complementarity with ongoing country processes around mainstreaming climate–resilient development, this report focuses on three crosscutting sectors of social protection, food security and disaster risk management', 'Katharine Vincent1, Andrew J. Dougill2, Jami Dixon2, Lindsay C. Stringer2, Tracy Cull1, DavidD. Mkwambisi3 and Diana Chanika1 (2014), Actual and PotentialWeather and Climate InformationNeedsforDevelopment Planning in Malawi: Results of a Future Climate for Africa PilotCaseStudy.', 'Katharine Vincent1, Andrew J. Dougill2, Jami Dixon2, Lindsay C. Stringer2, Tracy Cull1, DavidD. Mkwambisi3 and Diana Chanika1, Actual and PotentialWeather and Climate InformationNeedsforDevelopment Planning in Malawi: Results of a Future Climate for Africa PilotCaseStudy(2014).', 'Katharine Vincent1, Andrew J. Dougill2, Jami Dixon2, Lindsay C. Stringer2, Tracy Cull1, DavidD. Mkwambisi3 and Diana Chanika1 (2014), Actual and PotentialWeather and Climate InformationNeedsforDevelopment Planning in Malawi: Results of a Future Climate for Africa PilotCaseStudy.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 28, 3),
(262, 'Building Resilience to Climate Change in Ethiopia What do we know so far?', 'Mekonnen Bekele Mintewab Bezabih Hailu Elias Peter Fisker Tagel Gebrehiwot Tadesse Kuma Tseday Mekasha Alemu Mekonnen Finn Tarp Hailemaraim Teklewold', '2020', 'Corporate Reports', '', '26362', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Climate induced hazards such as droughts, floods and rising temperatures pose a major threat to the livelihoods of the poor in Ethiopia. The country has experienced 15 drought episodes between 1965 and 2015, some of which resulted in substantial humanitarian crises. For example, the 1984-85 drought, which resulted in the worst famine in the country’s history, took some 300,000 lives. During the period 1991-2008, Ethiopia lost a cumulative amount in the range of 13-40 percent of its current level of agricultural output due to climate change (Aragie, 2013). Furthermore, in 2015-2016 the country experienced one of worst El Niño-induced droughts in decades, with below-average rainfall leading to 50–90% harvest failure affecting more than 10.2 million people (on top of the 7.9 million people already covered under PSNP).1 Ethiopia’s drought history further indicates that vulnerability to drought is highest in the pastoral areas in the lowlands and in the densely populated, food-insecure areas in the highlands. Within the arid and semi-arid areas of the country, the regions of Afar, Somali, Tigray and low lands of Oromia, are among the most vulnerable to climate shocks, given low levels of service provision and infrastructure development, and the frequency of droughts and floods (Deressa et al., 2008).\r\nMost of the global climate models project an increase in precipitation in both the dry and wet seasons in Ethiopia. On the other hand, studies with more detailed regional climate models indicate that the direction of the expected precipitation change is uncertain. The temperature is likely to continue to increase for the next few decades with the rate of change as observed. The impacts of the ongoing and projected climate change and variability are widespread in both socio-economic and natural systems. It is predicted that changes in climate will lead to recurrent droughts and heavy rainfall in different parts of Ethiopia, reducing the amount of land that can be used for agriculture and decreasing crop productivity. The economic impact of climate change depends on the extent of annual weather variability and extremes, but recent major droughts have reduced GDP by 1% - 4%. Future climate change could reduce Ethiopia’s GDP by 8-10% in 2050 (Irish Aid, 2018) The government’s Climate Resilience Strategy for Agriculture and Forestry indicates that under some extreme scenarios the impact of climate change on all sectors could reduce GDP by 10% or more by 2050 (FDRE, 2015). The potential decrease in GDP due to climate change could impact Ethiopia’s ambition to reach middle-income status by 2025 and is likely to slow down poverty reduction. Mideksa (2009) also found that climate change will make the prospect of economic development in Ethiopia harder by reducing agricultural production and output in the sectors linked to agriculte, which is likely to reduce Ethiopia’s GDP by about 10% from its benchmark level; and by raising the degree of income inequality in which the Gini-coefficient increases by 20%, which is likely to further decrease economic growth and fuel poverty.', 'Mekonnen Bekele Mintewab Bezabih Hailu Elias Peter Fisker Tagel Gebrehiwot Tadesse Kuma Tseday Mekasha Alemu Mekonnen Finn Tarp Hailemaraim Teklewold (2020), Building Resilience to Climate Change in Ethiopia What do we know so far?.', 'Mekonnen Bekele Mintewab Bezabih Hailu Elias Peter Fisker Tagel Gebrehiwot Tadesse Kuma Tseday Mekasha Alemu Mekonnen Finn Tarp Hailemaraim Teklewold, Building Resilience to Climate Change in Ethiopia What do we know so far?(2020).', 'Mekonnen Bekele Mintewab Bezabih Hailu Elias Peter Fisker Tagel Gebrehiwot Tadesse Kuma Tseday Mekasha Alemu Mekonnen Finn Tarp Hailemaraim Teklewold (2020), Building Resilience to Climate Change in Ethiopia What do we know so far?.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 29, 3),
(263, 'A Decision-Making Model for Community-Based Food Industry to Support Poverty Alleviation in East Indonesia: Case Study of East Sumba Regency', 'Ratih Dyah Kusumastutia Fanny Martdianty  Rifelly Dewi Astuti Nurmala', '2016', 'Journals', '', '40818', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Provinces in the eastern part of Indonesia still have the high percentage of residents living\r\nbelow the poverty line. However, some provinces are the producers of food commodities.\r\nThe One Village One Product (OVOP) movement has been proven to be able to reduce\r\nthe poverty level and can be implemented in East Indonesia, especially by developing the\r\ncommunity-based food industry. The objective of the research is to develop a decisionmaking\r\nmodel to determine the best suitable community-based food industry to be developed\r\noptimally in East Indonesia using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). We identify five criteria\r\nfor the model from the literature and interviews with experts, namely resources, demand,\r\nsupporting industries, strategy, and competitiveness, and supports from government and\r\nother parties. We apply the model to the case of East Sumba regency of the East Nusa\r\nTenggara (NTT) province, to select from alternatives, namely cassava, banana, corn and\r\npeanut-based food industries. The results show that banana-based industry is chosen as the\r\nbest-suitable community-based food industry, mainly due to the uniqueness of the bananabased\r\nproduct and high production of banana in the area.', 'Ratih Dyah Kusumastutia Fanny Martdianty  Rifelly Dewi Astuti Nurmala (2016), A Decision-Making Model for Community-Based Food Industry to Support Poverty Alleviation in East Indonesia: Case Study of East Sumba Regency.', 'Ratih Dyah Kusumastutia Fanny Martdianty  Rifelly Dewi Astuti Nurmala, A Decision-Making Model for Community-Based Food Industry to Support Poverty Alleviation in East Indonesia: Case Study of East Sumba Regency(2016).', 'Ratih Dyah Kusumastutia Fanny Martdianty  Rifelly Dewi Astuti Nurmala (2016), A Decision-Making Model for Community-Based Food Industry to Support Poverty Alleviation in East Indonesia: Case Study of East Sumba Regency.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 3, 22, 3),
(264, 'FOOD SECURITY POLICY', 'MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY', '2006', 'Government Reports', '', '92535', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The long-term goal of this policy is to significantly improve food security of the population.\r\nThe goal implies increasing agricultural productivity as well as diversity and sustainable\r\nagricultural growth and development.', 'MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY (2006), FOOD SECURITY POLICY.', 'MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY, FOOD SECURITY POLICY(2006).', 'MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY (2006), FOOD SECURITY POLICY.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 1, 4, 3);
INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(265, 'Integrated soil fertility management: Operational definition and consequences for implementation and dissemination', 'B. Vanlauwe', '2010', 'Journals', '', '56242', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Traditional farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa depend primarily on mining soil nutrients. The African\r\nGreen Revolution aims at intensifying agriculture through dissemination of Integrated Soil Fertility\r\nManagement (ISFM). In this paper we develop a robust and operational definition of ISFM, based on detailed\r\nknowledge of African farming systems, their inherent variability, and optimal use of nutrients. We define ISFM\r\nas: A set of soil fertility management practices that necessarily include the use of fertilizer, organic inputs, and\r\nimproved germplasm, combined with the knowledge on how to adapt these practices to local conditions, aiming\r\nat maximizing agronomic use efficiency of the applied nutrients and improving crop productivity. All inputs\r\nneed to be managed following sound agronomic principles. The integration of ISFM practices into farming\r\nsystems is illustrated by dual-purpose grain-legume–maize rotations in the savannahs and fertilizer micro-dosing\r\nin the Sahel. Finally, the dissemination of ISFM practices is discussed', 'B. Vanlauwe (2010), Integrated soil fertility management: Operational definition and consequences for implementation and dissemination.', 'B. Vanlauwe, Integrated soil fertility management: Operational definition and consequences for implementation and dissemination(2010).', 'B. Vanlauwe (2010), Integrated soil fertility management: Operational definition and consequences for implementation and dissemination.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 3, 16, 3),
(266, 'The role of shocks and risks for the livelihoods of small scale fishing communities of Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands in Nigeria', 'Levison Chiwaula1 and Hermann Waibel', '2009', 'Corporate Reports', '', '12943', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper assesses the impact of risks and shocks on household welfare in the Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands in Nigeria. We use estimated income loss in consumption equations to assess the impact. Our findings identify death of an adult member, drought, and social conflict as important shocks in the area. These shocks are more significant in reducing household food consumption than non-food consumption. Additionally, we find that farming dependent households suffer more from social conflicts; fishing households suffer more from drought; while the impact of death of an adult member does not depend on household livelihood strategies. Since the shocks that significantly reduce household consumption are not specific to such communities, we conclude that fishing communities do not need special social protection policies but these should not be left out in these programs. Further research should consider understanding the roles of off farm activities as ex-ante risk mitigation strategies or ex-post coping strategies.', 'Levison Chiwaula1 and Hermann Waibel (2009), The role of shocks and risks for the livelihoods of small scale fishing communities of Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands in Nigeria.', 'Levison Chiwaula1 and Hermann Waibel, The role of shocks and risks for the livelihoods of small scale fishing communities of Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands in Nigeria(2009).', 'Levison Chiwaula1 and Hermann Waibel (2009), The role of shocks and risks for the livelihoods of small scale fishing communities of Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands in Nigeria.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 29, 3),
(267, 'Infant Feeding Practices in the First 6 Months and Associated Factors in a Rural and Semiurban Community in Mangochi District, Malawi', 'Penjani Kamudoni, Kenneth Maleta,   Zumin Shi,  and Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen ', '2014', 'Journals', '', '69536', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating infant feeding practices and their sociodemographic\r\ncorrelates in Mangochi District, Malawi. Questionnaire data from 157 rural and\r\n192 semiurban mother-infant pairs were obtained. Early breastfeeding (< 1 hour after delivery)\r\nwas practiced among 68.2% of the rural and 63% of the semiurban mothers. Colostrum\r\nwas given by 96% of the sampled mothers. Exclusive breastfeeding rates in the sample at 2,\r\n4, and 6 months were 39.1%, 27.5%, and 7.5%, respectively. At 4 months, exclusive breastfeeding\r\nwas significantly higher in the semiurban (46.8%) than in the rural (4.7%) group.\r\nLiving in the rural area (OR = 1.87; 95% CI 1.26-2.76) and giving birth outside a health\r\nfacility (OR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.00-1.85) were risk factors for stopping exclusive breastfeeding\r\nbefore 6 months. The results suggest that semiurban mothers are more likely to practice\r\noptimum breastfeeding and that health facilities have an important role in its promotion.\r\nKeywords: optimum breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, infant-feeding behavior, demographic\r\nfactors, maternal health services, maternal-child health services, Malawi, Africa', 'Penjani Kamudoni, Kenneth Maleta,   Zumin Shi,  and Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen  (2014), Infant Feeding Practices in the First 6 Months and Associated Factors in a Rural and Semiurban Community in Mangochi District, Malawi.', 'Penjani Kamudoni, Kenneth Maleta,   Zumin Shi,  and Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen , Infant Feeding Practices in the First 6 Months and Associated Factors in a Rural and Semiurban Community in Mangochi District, Malawi(2014).', 'Penjani Kamudoni, Kenneth Maleta,   Zumin Shi,  and Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen  (2014), Infant Feeding Practices in the First 6 Months and Associated Factors in a Rural and Semiurban Community in Mangochi District, Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 3, 14, 3),
(268, '“Supply and demand trends for fertilizer in Zimbabwe: 1930 to date”: Key drivers and lessons learnt', 'Minde, Isaac J.; Mazvimavi, Kizito; Murendo, Conrad; and Ndlovu, Patrick V.', '2010', 'Corporate Reports', '', '79450', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'based on the government’s priorities on agricultural development. The industry grew from the 1930s\r\nthat targeted primarily large scale commercial farmers, through the liberalization period of the mid\r\n1990s, and recent changes that have introduced controls on the marketing system. Since 2000,\r\nfollowing the fast track land reform program, Zimbabwe has faced food insecurity challenges that\r\nhave been exacerbated by the political and economic crises. This prompted the government to adopt\r\npolicies that have reduced private sector interests in fertilizer supply. In this situation where explicit\r\nfertilizer markets have been absent, relief programs have been leading in facilitating deliveries of\r\nfertilizers to poorer smallholder farmers located even in remote areas. The supply of fertilizers in\r\nZimbabwe has been driven by government policy, finance and infrastructure while the demand has\r\nprimarily been a function of farmer’s capacity to acquire fertilizers, availability of water and farmers\r\nknowledge of fertilizer use. There is need for a policy shift that promotes a competitive fertilizer\r\nmarketing to support a broader range of farmers in Zimbabwe leading to agricultural productivity\r\ngrowth. Investment in infrastructure is critical to reduce marketing costs and to boost fertilizer\r\ndemand; policies that strengthen farmer’s capacity to acquire fertilizers and increase their knowledge\r\non fertilizer use complemented by technologies that promote water use efficiencies are needed.', 'Minde, Isaac J.; Mazvimavi, Kizito; Murendo, Conrad; and Ndlovu, Patrick V. (2010), “Supply and demand trends for fertilizer in Zimbabwe: 1930 to date”: Key drivers and lessons learnt.', 'Minde, Isaac J.; Mazvimavi, Kizito; Murendo, Conrad; and Ndlovu, Patrick V., “Supply and demand trends for fertilizer in Zimbabwe: 1930 to date”: Key drivers and lessons learnt(2010).', 'Minde, Isaac J.; Mazvimavi, Kizito; Murendo, Conrad; and Ndlovu, Patrick V. (2010), “Supply and demand trends for fertilizer in Zimbabwe: 1930 to date”: Key drivers and lessons learnt.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 17, 38, 3),
(269, 'Social Work Practice in a Developing Continent: The Case of Africa ', 'Christopher Chitereka', '2009', 'Journals', '', '96309', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Social work is a professional approach to ameliorating social problems. It is generally understood as a helping profession that utilizes professionally qualified personnel who use its knowledge base to help people tackle their social problems (Mupedziswa, 2005). Nevertheless, in developing countries, social work is a relatively young profession which was influenced by colonialism in its formation. The type of social work practiced in these countries largely mirrors the one that is being practiced in Britain, France and Portugal among others. Utilizing the continent of Africa as a case study, this article argues that social work practice in Africa tends to be curative or remedial in nature and is not adequately addressing people’s problems. It therefore proposes a paradigm shift from remedial to a social development paradigm if it is to make an impact in the 21st century.\r\nKeywords: Social work; social development; Africa', 'Christopher Chitereka (2009), Social Work Practice in a Developing Continent: The Case of Africa .', 'Christopher Chitereka, Social Work Practice in a Developing Continent: The Case of Africa (2009).', 'Christopher Chitereka (2009), Social Work Practice in a Developing Continent: The Case of Africa .', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 3, 15, 3),
(270, 'Adoption of Drought Tolerant Maize Varieties under Rainfall Stress in Malawi', 'Samson P. Katengeza, Stein T. Holden and Rodney W. Lunduka', '2016', 'Corporate Reports', '', '19061', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper examines adoption of drought tolerant maize varieties under rainfall stress in Malawi using correlated random effects Probit and Tobit models with control function approach. Drought tolerant maize is a promising technology that has the capacity to help smallholder farmers adapt to drought risks. Using 2009, 2012 and 2015 data from six districts, results show adoption has increased from 46% in 2009 to 59% in 2015. The likelihood of adoption is significantly increased by drought with early droughts having greater impact (31%) than late droughts (20%). Early droughts are also associated with an increased acreage of land allocated to drought tolerant maize and quantity of seed planted. However lagged drought variables appear to negatively affect adoption. The possible explanation is that the years preceding the surveys were associated with good rains such that farmers responded by buying less of drought tolerant maize anticipating similar rainfall pattern. Another important driver of adoption is the farm input subsidy programme. However, while access to subsidised seed increases both adoption and intensity of adoption, previous year’s access has a negative impact. This suggests that the increased adoption is due to availability of cheap seed as opposed to farmers’ previous exposure to the varieties. This may indicate limited awareness on the benefits of drought tolerant maize varieties. This is also consistent with extension visits positively affecting adoption. Good extension messages and promotion of drought tolerant maize varieties should be improved to allow farmers make informed decisions.\r\nKey words: Drought tolerant maize, drought exposure, farm input subsidy programme, correlated random effects, Malawi', 'Samson P. Katengeza, Stein T. Holden and Rodney W. Lunduka (2016), Adoption of Drought Tolerant Maize Varieties under Rainfall Stress in Malawi.', 'Samson P. Katengeza, Stein T. Holden and Rodney W. Lunduka, Adoption of Drought Tolerant Maize Varieties under Rainfall Stress in Malawi(2016).', 'Samson P. Katengeza, Stein T. Holden and Rodney W. Lunduka (2016), Adoption of Drought Tolerant Maize Varieties under Rainfall Stress in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 27, 3),
(271, 'O IL REVENUE AND MANUF ACTURING SECTOR GROW TH IN A FRICA S OIL EXPORTING COUNTRIES', 'Adeleke Omolade and Harold Ngalawa', '2014', 'Journals', '', '38135', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The study examines the impact of oil revenue on the growth of the manufacturing sector in Africa’s oil-exporting countries. It focuses on six major net oil-exporters in Africa, namely: Nigeria, Algeria, Sudan, Gabon, Cameroon and Egypt. Both static and dynamic panel data techniques are used to explore the effects of oil on the manufacturing sector of the countries between 1970 and 2010. The findings of the study show that the six countries do not exhibit significant country-specific effects, and the existence of Dutch disease is confirmed. The negative relationship between oil and manufacturing sector growth, which might be regarded as a symptom of the presence of Dutch disease, is significant in the panel dynamic model while it is not in the static model. The study also reveals that there is a dearth of capital formation in the six countries’ manufacturing sectors. It is further shown that the more capital-intensive the manufacturing sector is, the less the negative effect of the oil sector’s dominance. It is recommended that these countries should restructure their oil sector in such a way that proceeds from oil are largely utilised for more investment in the manufacturing sector.\r\nKeywords\r\nDynamic and Static Panel Models, Manufacturing Sector growth, oil sector', 'Adeleke Omolade and Harold Ngalawa (2014), O IL REVENUE AND MANUF ACTURING SECTOR GROW TH IN A FRICA S OIL EXPORTING COUNTRIES.', 'Adeleke Omolade and Harold Ngalawa, O IL REVENUE AND MANUF ACTURING SECTOR GROW TH IN A FRICA S OIL EXPORTING COUNTRIES(2014).', 'Adeleke Omolade and Harold Ngalawa (2014), O IL REVENUE AND MANUF ACTURING SECTOR GROW TH IN A FRICA S OIL EXPORTING COUNTRIES.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 2, 16, 3),
(272, 'Agricultural growth trends in Southern Africa', 'Pius Chilonda and Isaac Minde', '2007', 'Corporate Reports', '', '63140', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'There is evidence to show that broad-based\r\nagricultural development is an effective\r\nmeans of reducing poverty and accelerating\r\neconomic growth (FAO/World Bank, 2001).\r\nDealing with poverty and hunger in much\r\nof the developing world means optimising\r\nthe potential opportunities that agriculture\r\nholds for the majority of the poor.\r\nAgriculture remains a key driving force for\r\neconomic development in the Southern\r\nAfrica Development Community (SADC)\r\n– a region in which most inhabitants rely\r\non agriculture directly or indirectly as their\r\nmain source of livelihood. It remains the\r\nprimary source of subsistence, employment\r\nand income for 61%, or 142 million of the\r\nregion’s total population of 232 million.\r\nAgriculture accounts for close to 8% of\r\nthe region’s gross domestic product (GDP).\r\nDespite the importance of the sector in\r\nSADC’s economy, agricultural growth rates\r\nhave been both low and highly variable\r\nacross the region, averaging only 2.6%\r\nper annum in the last decade (Figure 1).\r\nAverage growth rates in the sector have\r\nbeen almost similar to demographic growth\r\nrates of 2.4% over the same period (World\r\nBank, 2006).', 'Pius Chilonda and Isaac Minde (2007), Agricultural growth trends in Southern Africa.', 'Pius Chilonda and Isaac Minde, Agricultural growth trends in Southern Africa(2007).', 'Pius Chilonda and Isaac Minde (2007), Agricultural growth trends in Southern Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 24, 3),
(273, 'Monetary Policy Shocks and Industrial Sector Performance in South Africa', 'Adebayo Augustine Kutu and Harold Ngalawa', '2016', 'Journals', '', '79118', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper employs an eight variable Structural Vector Auto regression (SVAR) model to examine how monetary policy shocks affect industrial sector performance in South Africa using monthly data from 1994:1 to 2012:12.The study finds no direct link between exchange rate and interest rate shocks and industrial output growth. A money supply shock, however, is observed to exert a significant positive impact on industrial output growth from about the eighth month. The study also reveals that the interest rate response to an unanticipated increase in the rate of inflation is insignificant, reflecting the infrequent changes of the repo rate in the country. We also find evidence of a symbiotic relationship between industrial output growth and other sectors of the economy that form components of aggregate output. The study further demonstrates that monetary authorities have very limited control over industrial output growth using instruments of monetary policy. In addition, it is found that relatively large proportions of the variations in the rate of inflation are explained by changes in money supply, exchange rates and industrial output. We also observe that variations in exchange rates are largely explained by unexpected changes in the exchange rates themselves, which supports the Martingale Hypothesis of exchange rates.\r\nKeywords: Monetary policy shocks, structural VARs, industrial sector performance', 'Adebayo Augustine Kutu and Harold Ngalawa (2016), Monetary Policy Shocks and Industrial Sector Performance in South Africa.', 'Adebayo Augustine Kutu and Harold Ngalawa, Monetary Policy Shocks and Industrial Sector Performance in South Africa(2016).', 'Adebayo Augustine Kutu and Harold Ngalawa (2016), Monetary Policy Shocks and Industrial Sector Performance in South Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 3, 11, 3),
(274, 'HIV and infant feeding in Malawi: public health simplicity in complex social and cultural contexts', 'Jacqueline R Chinkonde, Marit Helene Hem and Johanne Sundby', '2012', 'Journals', '', '26173', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Background: The question of when and how to best wean infants born to mothers with HIV requires complex\r\nanswers. There are clinical guidelines on best approaches but limitations persist when applying them in diverse\r\nlow-income settings. In such settings, infant-feeding practices are not only dependent on individual women’s\r\nchoices but are also subject to social and cultural pressures. However, when developing infant-feeding policies little\r\nattention has been paid to these pressures, even though they may yield useful empirical knowledge on the various\r\nforces that shape the infant-feeding dilemmas confronting women with HIV. This study aimed to a) identify the\r\ninfant-feeding challenges that women with HIV faced when they were advised to wean their children at an early\r\nage of six months and b) explore how the women adhered to their infant-feeding options while facing and\r\nmanaging these challenges.\r\nMethods: This study was conducted between February 2008 and April 2009 at two public health facilities where\r\nservices to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV were implemented. Repeated in-depth interviews were\r\nconducted with 20 HIV-positive women. Two of the 20 women were also chosen for case studies which included\r\nhome visits.\r\nResults: Several interdependent factors including the conflicting pressures of sexual morality and the demands\r\nof nurturing and motherhood, in conditions of abject poverty, impeded the participating women from following\r\nmedical advice on infant feeding. If they adhered to the medical advice, the women would encounter difficulty\r\nmaintaining their ascribed roles as respected wives, mothers and members of the society at large. The necessity of\r\nupholding their moral standing through continued breastfeeding, which signified HIV-negative status, put pressure\r\non them to ignore the medical advice.\r\nConclusions: The infant-feeding dilemmas for women with HIV are complex. The integration of public health\r\nefforts with context-specific socio-cultural understanding is essential. The recent 2010 WHO guidelines offer a\r\npossible way of resolving these challenges. They recommend breastfeeding for one year with an adaptation to\r\ntwo years for Malawi. Efforts in the PMTCT programmes to supplement existing support systems, e.g. through the\r\nmothers-to-mothers (M2M) programme or consultation with expert mothers may also help women overcome\r\nthese challenges.', 'Jacqueline R Chinkonde, Marit Helene Hem and Johanne Sundby (2012), HIV and infant feeding in Malawi: public health simplicity in complex social and cultural contexts.', 'Jacqueline R Chinkonde, Marit Helene Hem and Johanne Sundby, HIV and infant feeding in Malawi: public health simplicity in complex social and cultural contexts(2012).', 'Jacqueline R Chinkonde, Marit Helene Hem and Johanne Sundby (2012), HIV and infant feeding in Malawi: public health simplicity in complex social and cultural contexts.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 4, 18, 3),
(275, 'The Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Malawi: Implications for Agricultural Policy', 'Tsitsi Makombe, Paul Lewin, and Monica Fisher', '2010', 'Journals', '', '71695', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Achieving food security is high on the agenda of the Malawi government. Notably, Malawi’s Growth\r\nand Development Strategy (MGDS) recognizes that food security is a prerequisite for sustained\r\neconomic growth and poverty reduction. However, a good understanding of the determinants of food\r\ninsecurity is required to inform and guide the design and execution of effective and well-targeted\r\npolicy interventions. A recent study by Lewin and Fisher (2010) addressed this issue by examining\r\nhow socio-economic characteristics of households, local conditions, and current agricultural policies\r\ninfluence the likelihood that a farm household in rural Malawi is food insecure. This policy brief\r\nhighlights key findings of the study.', 'Tsitsi Makombe, Paul Lewin, and Monica Fisher (2010), The Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Malawi: Implications for Agricultural Policy.', 'Tsitsi Makombe, Paul Lewin, and Monica Fisher, The Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Malawi: Implications for Agricultural Policy(2010).', 'Tsitsi Makombe, Paul Lewin, and Monica Fisher (2010), The Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Malawi: Implications for Agricultural Policy.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 21, 3),
(276, 'AARES 56th ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2012 – FREMANTLE, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, FEBRUARY 07-10. FOOD SECURITY IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA', 'Norah Omot', '2010', 'Corporate Reports', '', '80276', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The food security situation in Papua New Guinea (PNG) is discussed. PNG is a nation blessed with natural resources but continues to face development and environmental challenges with implications on food security. While the country may be secured in terms of food production and quantity, there are concerns on the nutritional aspects. Short term threats, aggravated by climate change and other challenges such as increasing food prices are major concerns. Lessons learnt on efforts to address threats and other challenges and some strategies identified by the National Agricultural Research Institute are discussed.', 'Norah Omot (2010), AARES 56th ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2012 – FREMANTLE, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, FEBRUARY 07-10. FOOD SECURITY IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA.', 'Norah Omot, AARES 56th ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2012 – FREMANTLE, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, FEBRUARY 07-10. FOOD SECURITY IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA(2010).', 'Norah Omot (2010), AARES 56th ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2012 – FREMANTLE, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, FEBRUARY 07-10. FOOD SECURITY IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 22, 3),
(277, 'Between Kasache and Geneva: The Multi-sited Voyage of Climate-resilient Development in Malawi', 'Ilaria GALLO', '2018', 'Dissertations', '', '18779', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'How are global discourses on climate change negotiated in national policy contexts,\r\nand how do they materialise ‘on the ground’, shaping adaptation at a local level? This\r\nis the overarching question that this dissertation addresses, as it traces the evolution\r\nof climate policy in Malawi since the establishment of an international framework for\r\nclimate-resilient development in the late 1990s. Drawing on a theoretical framework\r\nthat combines approaches from Science and Technology, Postcolonial, and Feminist\r\nScience Studies, this work spans across international, national and local spaces\r\nof knowledge and policy production, revealing the material and often unintended\r\nconsequences of global scientific constructions of climate change. Fieldwork in\r\nMalawi, including interviews with policymakers in Lilongwe and climate-affected\r\ncommunities in Kasache, has revealed tensions at various stages and scales, examined\r\nhere through a multi-sited ethnographic approach that situates local weather and\r\nclimate practices in the lineage of colonial and postcolonial narratives and relations.\r\nThe findings indicate that the discourse on climate change is a mobile, power-laden\r\nand socio-cultural practice transversally connecting spatial (international, national,\r\nlocal), historical (colonialism, neoliberalism) and epistemological (élite/subaltern,\r\ngender) localities. The exclusion of locally produced knowledge and meanings (by\r\ndecision makers, farmers, women and elders) from national mainstream adaptation\r\nprogrammes obscures how vulnerability is locally produced, foreclosing opportunities\r\nfor context-relevant decision-making. While formally increasing women’s participation\r\nin local decisional structures, gender and climate change interventions disregard the\r\npresence of biophysical and socio-economic factors, including ‘global’ essentialising\r\nnarratives, which can exacerbate unequal power relations. At the same time, women in\r\nKasache have engaged in collective responses outside international frames of gender\r\nempowerment through informal networks that build on historical matrilineal solidarity\r\nand democratic participatory practices. Several ‘policy recommendations’ on how to\r\ndecolonise and democratise climate adaptation interventions can be drawn from the\r\nfindings of this work. In a nutshell, interventions should be based on the identification of underlying causes of vulnerability and adaptation strategies across societal groups\r\n(rather than on homogenous conceptualisations of climate risk exposure) and should\r\nacknowledge and address the forms of marginalisation and human agency produced by\r\nthe discourse of climate-resilient development', 'Ilaria GALLO (2018), Between Kasache and Geneva: The Multi-sited Voyage of Climate-resilient Development in Malawi.', 'Ilaria GALLO, Between Kasache and Geneva: The Multi-sited Voyage of Climate-resilient Development in Malawi(2018).', 'Ilaria GALLO (2018), Between Kasache and Geneva: The Multi-sited Voyage of Climate-resilient Development in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 34, 3),
(278, 'Bridging the gap: decomposing sources of gender yield gaps in Uganda groundnut production', 'Johnny Mugisha, Christopher Sebatta, Kai Mausch, Elizabeth Ahikiriza, David Kalule Okello & Esther M. Njuguna', '2019', 'Journals', '', '40187', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Female plot managers in Sub-Saharan Africa often realize significantly\r\nlower crop yields than their male counterparts. Even for\r\nlegumes, which are often referred to as ‘women’s crops’, yields\r\nare significantly lower. This study investigated the underlying\r\ncauses of this gender yield gap in groundnut production. The\r\nanalysis is based on survey data from 228 farm households from\r\ntwo groundnut growing regions in Uganda. We used the Blinder-\r\nOaxaca model to decompose factors that contribute to this yield\r\ngap. Results show 63% and 44% gender yield gaps for improved\r\nand local varieties, respectively, with female plot managers realizing\r\nless than their male counterparts. Improved groundnut seeds\r\nincrease female plot manager’s yields but not the yields of male\r\nplot managers. Male advantage and female disadvantage combined\r\naccount for more than 70% of the yield gap in both\r\nimproved and local groundnut variety production and exceed\r\npure productivity differences. Labor use differences between\r\nfemale and male plot managers and variety types explain the\r\nobserved yield gap. Interventions and policies that increase women’s\r\naccess to productive inputs including improved seed will\r\nsignificantly contribute to closing the yield gap, and thereby\r\nincrease crop production, food security, as well as women’s\r\nincomes.', 'Johnny Mugisha, Christopher Sebatta, Kai Mausch, Elizabeth Ahikiriza, David Kalule Okello & Esther M. Njuguna (2019), Bridging the gap: decomposing sources of gender yield gaps in Uganda groundnut production.', 'Johnny Mugisha, Christopher Sebatta, Kai Mausch, Elizabeth Ahikiriza, David Kalule Okello & Esther M. Njuguna, Bridging the gap: decomposing sources of gender yield gaps in Uganda groundnut production(2019).', 'Johnny Mugisha, Christopher Sebatta, Kai Mausch, Elizabeth Ahikiriza, David Kalule Okello & Esther M. Njuguna (2019), Bridging the gap: decomposing sources of gender yield gaps in Uganda groundnut production.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 6, 20, 3),
(279, 'ARE SHOCKS REALLY INCREASING? A SELECTIVE REVIEW OF THE GLOBAL FREQUENCY, SEVERITY, SCOPE, AND IMPACT OF FIVE TYPES OF SHOCKS', 'Laura Zseleczky Sivan Yosef', '2014', 'Corporate Reports', '', '89318', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Recent policy statements refer to increasingly frequent and intense shocks as one of the main reasons for\r\nfocusing attention and investments on building resilience for food and nutrition security. This paper\r\ninvestigates whether shocks have actually increased in frequency, severity, scope, and impact by looking at\r\nhistorical 25‐year trends for five different types of shocks: conflicts, natural disasters, climate change, food\r\nprice volatility, and health crises related to food safety and agriculture. Through its limited review, the paper\r\nfinds that while some shocks have not increased, others have become more severe or intense and are\r\nprojected to continue in the same direction in the near future, posing risks to the food and nutrition security of\r\npoor and vulnerable people around the world.\r\nKeywords: shocks, trends, resilience, conflict, climate change, natural disasters, volatility, food safety,\r\npandemics', 'Laura Zseleczky Sivan Yosef (2014), ARE SHOCKS REALLY INCREASING? A SELECTIVE REVIEW OF THE GLOBAL FREQUENCY, SEVERITY, SCOPE, AND IMPACT OF FIVE TYPES OF SHOCKS.', 'Laura Zseleczky Sivan Yosef, ARE SHOCKS REALLY INCREASING? A SELECTIVE REVIEW OF THE GLOBAL FREQUENCY, SEVERITY, SCOPE, AND IMPACT OF FIVE TYPES OF SHOCKS(2014).', 'Laura Zseleczky Sivan Yosef (2014), ARE SHOCKS REALLY INCREASING? A SELECTIVE REVIEW OF THE GLOBAL FREQUENCY, SEVERITY, SCOPE, AND IMPACT OF FIVE TYPES OF SHOCKS.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 24, 3),
(280, 'Negotiating for livelihoods beyond the formal Mzuzu City, Malawi, by the urban poor: Informal settlements as spaces of income generating activities', 'James Gondwe and Kossi Ayenagbo', '2013', 'Journals', '', '70703', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This article is about how the urban poor in Mzuzu City, Malawi, redefine domestic spaces in their\r\ndwellings for supporting their livelihoods. More specifically, it argues that while street vendors\r\nnegotiate for the use of public spaces within the ‘formal city’ for income generating activities, the\r\nurban poor in informal settlements negotiate for use of spaces in their dwellings for generating\r\ncash income. Spaces for income generating activities are as contested as spaces for vending in the\r\n‘formal city.’ In this context, the urban poor become creative enough to overcome equally\r\ndemanding domestic functions of their dwellings. Furthermore, power imbalance is also\r\nepitomised in home based enterprises where tenants have to negotiate with their landlords for\r\nuse of dwellings for generating income and accumulation of assets. However, it is not only\r\nphysical spaces whose use for income generating activities is negotiable. Rather gender relations\r\nin some households are also negotiated for and contested spaces. Despite their visibility in home\r\nbased enterprises, women appear to lack control over resources which they help to generate. The\r\npaper further argues that labeling livelihood strategies of the urban poor as ‘marginal,’\r\n‘vulnerable,’ and ‘survival enterprises’ is problematic because the urban poor are not a\r\nhomogeneous group. Since their perceptions, motivations, skills and knowledge differ; their\r\nlivelihoods outcomes are also likely to be different. Thus, the accumulation of income and assets\r\nshould not be the only variables used for measuring the success or failure of home based\r\nenterprises because their outcomes are also heavily embedded in informal social security\r\nnetworks.\r\nKeywords: Urban poor, dwellings and income generating activities, negotiate and contested.', 'James Gondwe and Kossi Ayenagbo (2013), Negotiating for livelihoods beyond the formal Mzuzu City, Malawi, by the urban poor: Informal settlements as spaces of income generating activities.', 'James Gondwe and Kossi Ayenagbo, Negotiating for livelihoods beyond the formal Mzuzu City, Malawi, by the urban poor: Informal settlements as spaces of income generating activities(2013).', 'James Gondwe and Kossi Ayenagbo (2013), Negotiating for livelihoods beyond the formal Mzuzu City, Malawi, by the urban poor: Informal settlements as spaces of income generating activities.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 2, 2, 3),
(281, 'MONETARY POLICY SHOCKS AND INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT IN BRICS COUNTRIES', 'Adebayo Augustine Kutu and Harold Ngalawa', '2016', 'Journals', '', '77686', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This study employs a Panel Structural Vector Autoregressive model (????−????????????????) to investigate how monetary policy shocks affect industrial output in BRICS countries using monthly data for the period 1994:1 to 2013:12. A nine variable ????−???????????????? with short-run restrictions among the variables is constructed for the analysis. The study finds that variations in the exchange rate have the largest impact on industrial output in the BRICS countries. It is also observed that inflation rates significantly increase industrial output, peaking after about eleven months. This reveals that monetary authorities should be cautious when formulating policies aimed at reducing the rate of inflation because of the spillover effect on industrial output. Further analysis reveals that interest rates have a marginal effect on exchange rates, while money supply makes a relatively large contribution to exchange rate fluctuations. Again, it is observed that changes in money supply exert a very large impact on variations in the rate of inflation. Thus, money supply plays an important role in curbing inflation. The study also analyses variations in interest rates, money supply and inflation and concludes that monetary authorities in the BRICS countries adjust interest rates, and not money supply, in response to inflation expectations.\r\nKeywords: Monetary policy shocks; industrial output; Panel SVAR', 'Adebayo Augustine Kutu and Harold Ngalawa (2016), MONETARY POLICY SHOCKS AND INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT IN BRICS COUNTRIES.', 'Adebayo Augustine Kutu and Harold Ngalawa, MONETARY POLICY SHOCKS AND INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT IN BRICS COUNTRIES(2016).', 'Adebayo Augustine Kutu and Harold Ngalawa (2016), MONETARY POLICY SHOCKS AND INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT IN BRICS COUNTRIES.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 6, 16, 3),
(282, 'Analyzing Nutritional Impacts of Policies An Empirical Study for Malawi', 'Olivier Ecker and Matin Qaim', '2010', 'Corporate Reports', '', '61397', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Widespread malnutrition in developing countries calls for appropriate strategies, presupposing good knowledge about nutritional impacts of policies. Little previous work has been carried out in this direction, especially with respect to micronutrients. We use representative household data from Malawi and develop a demand systems approach to estimate income and price elasticities of food demand and nutrient consumption. These estimates are applied for policy simulations. Given multiple nutritional deficiencies, income-related policies are better suited than price policies to improve nutrition. Although consumer price subsidies for maize improve calorie and mineral consumption, they can worsen vitamin consumption in urban areas.\r\nKeywords: quadratic almost ideal demand system, micronutrient deficiency, income and price elasticities, nutrient consumption, Sub-Saharan Africa, Malawi', 'Olivier Ecker and Matin Qaim (2010), Analyzing Nutritional Impacts of Policies An Empirical Study for Malawi.', 'Olivier Ecker and Matin Qaim, Analyzing Nutritional Impacts of Policies An Empirical Study for Malawi(2010).', 'Olivier Ecker and Matin Qaim (2010), Analyzing Nutritional Impacts of Policies An Empirical Study for Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 38, 3),
(283, 'National Ant-Corruption Strategy ll', 'Alex de Waal, Alan Whiteside', '2013', 'Health Sector Literature', '', '46035', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Southern Africa is undergoing a food crisis of surprising scale and novelty. The familiar culprits of drought and\r\nmismanagement of national strategies are implicated. However, this crisis is distinct from conventional droughtinduced\r\nfood shortages with respect to those vulnerable to starvation, and the course of impoverishment and\r\nrecovery. We propose that these new aspects to the food crisis can be attributed largely to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in\r\nthe region. We present evidence that we are facing a new variant famine. We have used frameworks drawn from\r\nfamine theory to examine the implications. HIV/AIDS has created a new category of highly vulnerable households—\r\nnamely, those with ill adults or those whose adults have died. The general burden of care in both AIDS-affected and\r\nnon-AIDS-affected households has reduced the viability of farming livelihoods. The sensitivity of rural communities to\r\nexternal shocks such as drought has increased, and their resilience has declined. The prospects for a sharp decline\r\ninto severe famine are increased, and possibilities for recovery reduced.', 'Alex de Waal, Alan Whiteside (2013), National Ant-Corruption Strategy ll.', 'Alex de Waal, Alan Whiteside, National Ant-Corruption Strategy ll(2013).', 'Alex de Waal, Alan Whiteside (2013), National Ant-Corruption Strategy ll.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 20, 3),
(284, 'Oil Price Shocks and Economic Performance in Africa’s Oil Exporting Countries', 'Mathew Ekundayo Rotimi and Harold Ngalawa', '2017', 'Journals', '', '44314', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This study applied recently developed Panel Structural Vector Autoregressives (P-SVAR)\r\nestimating technique to empirically assess the transmission processes of oil price shocks and how it\r\nimpacts economic performance within the monetary framework of the Africa’s net oil exporting\r\neconomies. The study considered, among other variables; inflation, money supply, bank rate,\r\nexchange rate, gross domestic product, unemployment and oil price shocks which is treated as\r\nexogenous while other variables as endogenous variables. The period of the study covered 1980-\r\n2015. The analysis of the data revealed that there were significant responses to oil price shocks during\r\nthis period. The result of the study showed that oil price shocks have large impact on the economic\r\nperformance of Africa’s oil exporting countries and also that transmission of oil price ensues\r\nmonetary medium. Hence, the study suggests that strong monetary control measure should be put in\r\nplace whenever positive shocks in oil is experienced.\r\nKeywords: Oil Price Shocks; Economic Performance; Panel SVAR, Oil Exporting.', 'Mathew Ekundayo Rotimi and Harold Ngalawa (2017), Oil Price Shocks and Economic Performance in Africa’s Oil Exporting Countries.', 'Mathew Ekundayo Rotimi and Harold Ngalawa, Oil Price Shocks and Economic Performance in Africa’s Oil Exporting Countries(2017).', 'Mathew Ekundayo Rotimi and Harold Ngalawa (2017), Oil Price Shocks and Economic Performance in Africa’s Oil Exporting Countries.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 25, 3),
(285, 'Methodological Challenges in Assessing the Economic Impacts of Coastal and Marine Tourism in South Africa: Reflections from a Piloting Project', 'Urmilla Bob1, Kamilla Swart2, Harold Ngalawa and Ntokozo Nzimande', '2018', 'Journals', '', '84842', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Coastal and Marine Tourism (CMT), as part of the oceans economy, offers significant\r\ndevelopment opportunities that can contribute to job creation and sustainability. However, there are limited\r\nnational and international best practices to assess the economic impacts of CMT. The aim of this study was\r\nto reflect on experiences from a piloting exercise that was undertaken to inform the development of a\r\nframework to assess the economic contribution of CMT to South Africa’s tourism sector. Previous studies,\r\nfocus on contextualising Operation Phakisa, examining CMT globally and in South Africa, and highlighting\r\neconomic contributions identified in selected CMT case studies (including the economic models generally\r\nused). Drawing on the review of existing studies as well as discussions with key economic experts, a\r\nframework for a pilot study to assess the economic impacts of CMT in South Africa was developed. Supply\r\n(coastal and marine tourism business owners, accommodation establishments, tour operators and restaurants\r\nand retail outlets) and demand (clients/ tourists/ users) side data collection surveys were piloted. The\r\nreflections and experiences from the piloting reveal challenges such as the unwillingness of supply side\r\nstakeholders to participate, lack of access to locations to undertake research, inability to access databases\r\nwith contact details of supply side stakeholders, lengthy surveys and quality of information in relation to\r\nspecific questions. The implications of the piloting is that the Input-Output model and Tourism Satellite\r\nAccount is the most appropriate economic approach for the South African context. The value of this article is\r\nthat it is important to focus on demand side data collection and ensure streamlined data collection tools and\r\nprocesses.\r\nKeywords: Coastal and Marine Tourism (CMT); Operation Phakisa; South Africa; economic models;\r\npiloting', 'Urmilla Bob1, Kamilla Swart2, Harold Ngalawa and Ntokozo Nzimande (2018), Methodological Challenges in Assessing the Economic Impacts of Coastal and Marine Tourism in South Africa: Reflections from a Piloting Project.', 'Urmilla Bob1, Kamilla Swart2, Harold Ngalawa and Ntokozo Nzimande, Methodological Challenges in Assessing the Economic Impacts of Coastal and Marine Tourism in South Africa: Reflections from a Piloting Project(2018).', 'Urmilla Bob1, Kamilla Swart2, Harold Ngalawa and Ntokozo Nzimande (2018), Methodological Challenges in Assessing the Economic Impacts of Coastal and Marine Tourism in South Africa: Reflections from a Piloting Project.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 27, 3),
(287, 'MALAWI FOOD SECURITY ISSUES PAPER DRAFT for Forum for Food Security in Southern Africa', 'Diana Cammack, Osten Chulu, Stanley Khaila and Davies Ng’ong’ola', 'Unknown', 'Corporate Reports', '', '69792', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Food security policy has been made by a variety of institutions within the Malawi\r\ngovernment for many years. Thus a whole range of programmes that relate to agricultural\r\nproductivity, access to food and related topics is implemented (with varying degrees of\r\ncompetency and success) by a number of ministries working with donor and civil society\r\npartners. The food crisis (2001-03) gave rise to a new structure, the Food Crisis Joint Task\r\nForce, to respond to the emergency, to investigate and report on various aspects of it, and\r\nto oversee the design of a new food security policy and an institution to coordinate its\r\nimplementation. The role, interests and inter-relations of various agencies of government,\r\ncivil society and donor governments, which will impact on the design process and the\r\nresulting policy, are surveyed here. Issues that are contentious and/or yet to be resolved\r\nare also listed.\r\nAdverse climatic conditions in 2000/2001 and 2001/2002 growing seasons, complemented\r\nby mismanagement of grain reserves plunged Malawi into one of the worst food security\r\ncrises in recent times with about 30% of the population in need of emergency support. The\r\nHIV/AIDS pandemic exacerbated an already precarious situation through an accelerated\r\nattrition rate of the economically productive population. Inherent structural and institutional\r\nbottlenecks in the production and marketing systems have to be urgently addressed to let\r\nMalawi graduate from the group of food insecure nations.\r\nMalawi lacks a well-developed and diversified monetary economy. It depends, to a large\r\nextent, on agriculture, migrant labour remittances and returnee earnings, making it\r\nrelatively more vulnerable to the vagaries of nature and economic conditions in the labour\r\nabsorbing countries.', 'Diana Cammack, Osten Chulu, Stanley Khaila and Davies Ng’ong’ola (Unknown), MALAWI FOOD SECURITY ISSUES PAPER DRAFT for Forum for Food Security in Southern Africa.', 'Diana Cammack, Osten Chulu, Stanley Khaila and Davies Ng’ong’ola, MALAWI FOOD SECURITY ISSUES PAPER DRAFT for Forum for Food Security in Southern Africa(Unknown).', 'Diana Cammack, Osten Chulu, Stanley Khaila and Davies Ng’ong’ola (Unknown), MALAWI FOOD SECURITY ISSUES PAPER DRAFT for Forum for Food Security in Southern Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 31, 3),
(288, 'What do we know about the impact of food reserves on availability?', 'Nick Maunder', 'Unknown', 'Corporate Reports', '', '14571', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Social protection has emerged rapidly as a key development and humanitarian policy issue in the last decade. At the\r\nsame time, there have been major food price shocks in many countries in the last 5 years. As a result, interest in\r\nsocial protection and food systems is converging and many donor agencies and governments are looking at how\r\ndifferent social protection instruments might better support or enable the different components of food systems and\r\nmaintain their resilience in the face of major shocks and stresses. These summaries, based on a series of reports,\r\nexplore the impacts of different social protection instruments on resilient food systems and provide a set of key\r\nmessages for policy makers and programmers working on social protection and food security.', 'Nick Maunder (Unknown), What do we know about the impact of food reserves on availability?.', 'Nick Maunder, What do we know about the impact of food reserves on availability?(Unknown).', 'Nick Maunder (Unknown), What do we know about the impact of food reserves on availability?.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 39, 3),
(289, 'Performance Of The South African Banking Sector Since 1994', 'Christopher Ifeacho, and  Harold Ngalawa', '2014', 'Journals', '', '85740', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This study investigates the impact of bank-specific variables and selected macroeconomic\r\nvariables on the South African banking sector for the period 1994-2011 using the capital\r\nadequacy, asset quality, management, earnings, and liquidity (CAMEL) model of bank\r\nperformance evaluation. The study employs data in annual frequency from South Africa’s four\r\nlargest banks, namely, ABSA, First National Bank, Nedbank, and Standard Bank. These banks\r\naccount for over 70% of South Africa’s banking assets. Using return on assets (ROA) and return\r\non equity (ROE) as measures of bank performance, the study finds that all bank-specific variables\r\nare statistically significant determinants of bank performance. Specifically, the study shows that\r\nasset quality, management quality, and liquidity have a positive effect on both measures of bank\r\nperformance, which is consistent with a priori theoretical expectations. Capital adequacy,\r\nhowever, exhibits a surprising significant negative relationship with ROA, while its relationship\r\nwith ROE is significant and positive as expected. Except for interest rates (in the ROA model),\r\nunemployment rate (in the ROA model), and the rate of inflation (in the ROE model), the rest of\r\nthe macroeconomic variables are statistically insignificant. The study reveals that bank\r\nperformance is positively related to interest rates and negatively related to unemployment rates\r\nand interest rates.', 'Christopher Ifeacho, and  Harold Ngalawa (2014), Performance Of The South African Banking Sector Since 1994.', 'Christopher Ifeacho, and  Harold Ngalawa, Performance Of The South African Banking Sector Since 1994(2014).', 'Christopher Ifeacho, and  Harold Ngalawa (2014), Performance Of The South African Banking Sector Since 1994.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 22, 3);
INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(290, 'Effects of seasonal climate forecasts and participatory workshops among subsistence farmers in Zimbabwe', 'Anthony Patt Pablo Suarez, and Chiedza Gwata', '2005', 'Journals', '', '67122', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Improvements in the ability to model El Nin˜ o and other large-scale\r\ninterannual climate variations have allowed for the development\r\nof seasonal climate forecasts, predicting rainfall and temperature\r\nanomalies for many places around the world. These forecasts have\r\nallowed developing countries to predict shortfalls in grain yields,\r\nwith benefits for food security. Several countries communicate the\r\nforecasts to subsistence farmers, which could allow them to mitigate\r\nthe effects of drought on their harvests by adapting their\r\ncropping decisions accordingly. However, it has not been demonstrated\r\nthat subsistence farmers benefit from having access to the\r\nforecasts. Here we present evidence of subsistence farmers using\r\nthe forecasts over multiple years to make different decisions and\r\nsignificantly improving their harvests when they do so. In a\r\ncontrolled study, farmers in Zimbabwe who reported adapting\r\ntheir farming methods to seasonal climate forecasts significantly\r\nimproved their harvests over baseline amounts. Moreover, farmers\r\nwho had attended a brief workshop and learned more about the\r\nforecasts were significantly more likely to use the forecasts than\r\nwere farmers who learned of the forecasts through non-participatory\r\nchannels.', 'Anthony Patt Pablo Suarez, and Chiedza Gwata (2005), Effects of seasonal climate forecasts and participatory workshops among subsistence farmers in Zimbabwe.', 'Anthony Patt Pablo Suarez, and Chiedza Gwata, Effects of seasonal climate forecasts and participatory workshops among subsistence farmers in Zimbabwe(2005).', 'Anthony Patt Pablo Suarez, and Chiedza Gwata (2005), Effects of seasonal climate forecasts and participatory workshops among subsistence farmers in Zimbabwe.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 4, 4, 3),
(291, 'Droughts and Floods in Malawi Assessing the Economywide Effects', 'Karl Pauw, James Thurlow and Dirk van Seventer', '2010', 'Corporate Reports', '', '37349', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'sector, it is crucial to understand the implications of these extreme climate events. Not only are rural livelihoods affected due to the severe impacts on the agricultural sector, but nonfarm and urban households are also vulnerable given the strong production and price linkages between agriculture and the rest of the economy. This study uses a general equilibrium model to estimate the economywide impacts of drought- and flood-related crop production losses. Climate simulations are based on production loss estimates from stochastic drought and flood models. Model results show that the economic losses due to extreme climate events are significant: Malawi loses 1.7 percent of its gross domestic product on average every year due to the combined effects of droughts and floods. This is equivalent to almost US$22 million in 2005 prices. Given their crop choices, it is smaller-scale farmers and those in the flood-prone southern regions of the country who are worst affected. However, urban and nonfarm households are not spared. Food shortages lead to sharp price increases that reduce urban households’ disposable incomes. This study makes an important contribution by estimating the economywide impacts of extreme climate events. However, this is only the first step toward designing appropriate agricultural and development strategies that explicitly account for climate uncertainty.\r\nKeywords: droughts, floods, CGE modeling, poverty, Malawi', 'Karl Pauw, James Thurlow and Dirk van Seventer (2010), Droughts and Floods in Malawi Assessing the Economywide Effects.', 'Karl Pauw, James Thurlow and Dirk van Seventer, Droughts and Floods in Malawi Assessing the Economywide Effects(2010).', 'Karl Pauw, James Thurlow and Dirk van Seventer (2010), Droughts and Floods in Malawi Assessing the Economywide Effects.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 35, 3),
(292, 'Improving Policymaking for Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa The role of ICTs and Knowledge Management', 'Towela P.R. Nyirenda-Jere and John A. Kazembe', '2014', 'Corporate Reports', '', '73570', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper investigates the role of knowledge\r\nmanagement in African agricultural and rural\r\ndevelopment policies, and how information\r\nand communications technologies (ICTs) can\r\ncontribute to enhance it. African Policymakers\r\nare aware of the importance of knowledge\r\nmanagement; however, its actual use is constrained\r\nby inter-related factors encompassing the national\r\ncontext and investments in ICTs for knowledge\r\nmanagement are still limited. As a result, the\r\ncapacity to collect and analyse locally-generated\r\nand locally-relevant data is low and so is the use of\r\nthese information for policymaking. ICTs are being\r\nused to varying degrees but the linkages between\r\nICTs, knowledge management and policymaking\r\nare not yet well established.', 'Towela P.R. Nyirenda-Jere and John A. Kazembe (2014), Improving Policymaking for Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa The role of ICTs and Knowledge Management.', 'Towela P.R. Nyirenda-Jere and John A. Kazembe, Improving Policymaking for Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa The role of ICTs and Knowledge Management(2014).', 'Towela P.R. Nyirenda-Jere and John A. Kazembe (2014), Improving Policymaking for Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa The role of ICTs and Knowledge Management.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 30, 3),
(293, 'Reducing the risk of disaster in community based agriculture in Malawi', 'FAO Regional Emergency Office for Southern Africa (REOSA)', '2011', 'Journals', '', '33976', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Food Security projects funded by ECHO, coordinated and supported by FAO and implemented by six NGOs in Malawi, Mozambique and Madagascar, aim to test different models in food security DRR to come up with evidence on their potential to reduce people’s risk to food insecurity and disaster caused by floods and cyclones. In this issue, we bring you the first of a series of snapshots into the work of each implementing NGO and its local partners.', 'FAO Regional Emergency Office for Southern Africa (REOSA) (2011), Reducing the risk of disaster in community based agriculture in Malawi.', 'FAO Regional Emergency Office for Southern Africa (REOSA), Reducing the risk of disaster in community based agriculture in Malawi(2011).', 'FAO Regional Emergency Office for Southern Africa (REOSA) (2011), Reducing the risk of disaster in community based agriculture in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 22, 3),
(294, 'EVALUATION OF RETIREMENT SYSTEMS OF COUNTRIES WITHIN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY', '', '2010', 'Corporate Reports', '', '18029', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Oxford Policy Management (OPM) was contracted by FinMark Trust and its partners (the\r\nDepartment of Social Development and the International Social Security Association) to\r\nundertake an evaluation of retirement systems of the 15 countries within the Southern\r\nAfrican Development Community (SADC). In accordance with the terms of reference, we\r\nhave set out to develop ‘a comprehensive review of the retirement systems and informal\r\nmechanisms of all SADC countries’ and, in doing so, have focused on ‘describing the\r\nretirement systems of each country with a view to understanding the effectiveness and\r\ncoverage in different systems and the importance of informal approaches to long-term\r\nprovision’.\r\nThe overall aims of the study were to compile and systematise the information available on\r\nretirement systems in the region, including informal mechanisms and mechanisms used by\r\ninformal sector workers. This intention has been to provide comparative information that can\r\nbe set against the more extensive information that is available for corresponding systems in\r\nother parts of the world, and form the basis for further development of retirement systems in\r\nthese countries.', ' (2010), EVALUATION OF RETIREMENT SYSTEMS OF COUNTRIES WITHIN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY.', ', EVALUATION OF RETIREMENT SYSTEMS OF COUNTRIES WITHIN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY(2010).', ' (2010), EVALUATION OF RETIREMENT SYSTEMS OF COUNTRIES WITHIN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 28, 3),
(295, 'Impact of Soil Fertility Replenishment Agroforestry Technology Adoption on the Livelihoods and Food Security of Smallholder Farmers in Central and Southern Malawi', 'Paxie W. Chirwa and Ann F. Quinion', '2012', 'Journals', '', '18557', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The expanding information on agroforestry research and development around the globe\r\nshows that agroforestry is being promoted and implemented as a means to improve\r\nagricultural production for smallholder farmers with limited labor, financial, and land\r\ncapital (Ajayi et al., 2007). In Africa, and particularly southern Africa, the main constraint to\r\nagricultural productivity is soil nutrient deficiency (Scoones & Toulmin, 1999; Sanchez et al.,\r\n1997). For this reason, agroforestry research in the region has focused on soil fertility\r\nreplenishment (SFR) technologies over the years and the adoption and scaling-up of these\r\npractices is the main thrust of the ongoing on farm research (Akinnifesi et al., 2008;\r\nAkinnifesi et al, 2010). SFR encompasses a range of agroforestry practices aimed at\r\nincreasing crop productivity through growing trees (usually nitrogen-fixing), popularized\r\nas fertilizer tree systems, directly on agricultural land. Fertiliser tree systems involve soil\r\nfertility replenishment through on-farm management of nitrogen-fixing trees (Akinnifesi et\r\nal 2010; Mafongoya et al., 2006). Fertiliser tree systems capitalise on biological N fixation by\r\nlegumes to capture atmospheric N and make it available to crops. Most importantly, is the\r\ngrowing of trees in intimate association with crops in space or time to benefit from\r\ncomplementarity of resource use (Akinnifesi et al., 2010; Gathumbi et al., 2002). The\r\ndifferent fertiliser tree systems that have been developed and promoted in southern Africa\r\n(see Akinnifesi et al, 2008; 2010) over the last two decades are briefly discussed below. The\r\ntype of soil fertility replenishment (SFR) or fertilizer tree system appropriate for a particular\r\nsetting is determined by a battery of ecological and social factors.', 'Paxie W. Chirwa and Ann F. Quinion (2012), Impact of Soil Fertility Replenishment Agroforestry Technology Adoption on the Livelihoods and Food Security of Smallholder Farmers in Central and Southern Malawi.', 'Paxie W. Chirwa and Ann F. Quinion, Impact of Soil Fertility Replenishment Agroforestry Technology Adoption on the Livelihoods and Food Security of Smallholder Farmers in Central and Southern Malawi(2012).', 'Paxie W. Chirwa and Ann F. Quinion (2012), Impact of Soil Fertility Replenishment Agroforestry Technology Adoption on the Livelihoods and Food Security of Smallholder Farmers in Central and Southern Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 6, 6, 3),
(296, 'The Level of Farmer Household Food Security and the Influence of the Raskin Policy', 'Indri January', '2014', 'Journals', '', '33460', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The purpose of this study was to (1) suspected the level of farmer household food security in the\r\nvillage of Tanjung Pering, (2) to explore the factors that influence household food security of farmers\r\nin the village of Tanjung Pering and (3) explore the influence policy giving rice to the poor (the rice)\r\nto the household food security of farmers in the village of Tanjung Pering. The research was\r\nconducted in the village of Tanjung Pering, District of North Inderalaya, Ogan Ilir. What research\r\npurposely determined in consideration of the community in the village of Tanjung Pering largely\r\nlivelihood as farmers and rice for many distributed to the village. The results showed that the level\r\nof household food security of farmers in the village of Tanjung Pering, District of North Inderalaya,\r\nOgan Ilir, which hold 53.33 percent food, 10 percent of food vulnerable and 36.67 percent less food.\r\nFactors that significantly influence the level of household food security of farmers in the village of\r\nTanjung Pering, District of North Inderalaya, Ogan Ilir regency is the price of rice, the number of\r\nfamily members and income.\r\nKeywords: raskin, food security, farmer households, income', 'Indri January (2014), The Level of Farmer Household Food Security and the Influence of the Raskin Policy.', 'Indri January, The Level of Farmer Household Food Security and the Influence of the Raskin Policy(2014).', 'Indri January (2014), The Level of Farmer Household Food Security and the Influence of the Raskin Policy.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 6, 15, 3),
(297, 'Establishing community advisory boards for clinical trial research in Malawi: engendering ethical conduct in research', 'L Manda-Taylor', '2013', 'Health Sector Literature', '', '84091', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'In this article I deal with extending the ethical principles of research to\r\ninclude communities through the establishment of Community Advisory\r\nBoards (CABs). The aim of the project on which this article is based\r\ndemonstrates the need for protecting communities that participate in\r\nresearch in order to stimulate ethical conduct in research in Malawi. In\r\nthe article, I provide an overview on the role and functions of CABs. I\r\ndiscuss the establishment of CABs in Malawi and present descriptions of\r\nthe processes and challenges involved. I conclude by sharing experiences\r\nof some of the key lessons learnt from the establishment of CABs.', 'L Manda-Taylor (2013), Establishing community advisory boards for clinical trial research in Malawi: engendering ethical conduct in research.', 'L Manda-Taylor, Establishing community advisory boards for clinical trial research in Malawi: engendering ethical conduct in research(2013).', 'L Manda-Taylor (2013), Establishing community advisory boards for clinical trial research in Malawi: engendering ethical conduct in research.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 24, 3),
(298, 'Communication for Strengthening Agricultural Extension and Rural Development in Malawi', 'Robert Agunga and Levi Zeleza Manda', '2014', 'Journals', '', '79524', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Smallholder farmers in Malawi account for over 80 percent of the population and if the country is to achieve food\r\nsecurity, poverty reduction and sustainable development attention to agricultural extension is a sine qua non. Since\r\n2000, Malawi introduced extension reforms to better serve the needs of smallholder farmers. Some of the agricultural\r\nand rural development programs are quite complex, but as this study found, training to cope with their sophistication is\r\nlacking. Further, though extension workers are asked to facilitate entire development interventions, their training\r\nremains primarily in agriculture. This paper argues that extension workers need training in Communication for\r\nDevelopment (C4D), an emerging body of knowledge for addressing problems, such as participation, integration and\r\ncapacity building for them to relate more effectively with development partners. Thus, this paper proposes a C4D\r\nframework for strengthening extension in Malawi and encourages the Government of Malawi to trial this concept.\r\nKey words: Extension education, pluralistic and demand-driven extension, poverty reduction, sustainable\r\ndevelopment, extension theory and policy, communication for development, world bank', 'Robert Agunga and Levi Zeleza Manda (2014), Communication for Strengthening Agricultural Extension and Rural Development in Malawi.', 'Robert Agunga and Levi Zeleza Manda, Communication for Strengthening Agricultural Extension and Rural Development in Malawi(2014).', 'Robert Agunga and Levi Zeleza Manda (2014), Communication for Strengthening Agricultural Extension and Rural Development in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 15, 3),
(299, 'RESETTLEMENT AND FOOD SECURITY', 'Valerie Mueller', '2013', 'Government Reports', '', '35700', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'T he average smallholder farmer in Malawi is tasked to feed a family of five on a farm of less than one hectare\r\nin size (NSO, 2008). The intensification of land through, for example, fertilizer use plays a prominent role in\r\nMalawi’s policy to increase the productivity potential of smallholder farmers. With the population almost\r\ndoubling in the last twenty years (NSO, 2008), additional measures are needed to accommodate the growing\r\nnumber of young, landless Malawians and relieve land constraints for the remainder. The government of Malawi with\r\nfinancial support from the World Bank created a land reform project to address exactly this concern in 2005. The\r\nCommunity-Based Rural Land Development Project (CBRLDP) targets households facing severe land shortages, to\r\nprovide them opportunities to obtain larger farms in adjacent communities. To date, the program has 15,000 participating\r\nhouseholds.\r\nIn 2011, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) collected data for the final round of a panel survey to\r\nevaluate how the resettlement project affected the food security of program participants in the long term. Although\r\nprograms like the CBRLDP appear in other African countries, few quantitative evaluations measure the short- or longterm\r\nimpact of resettlement policies. However, great lessons can be learned from ongoing research on this matter in\r\nterms of the roles of land reform and migration in improving food security in sub-Saharan Africa.', 'Valerie Mueller (2013), RESETTLEMENT AND FOOD SECURITY.', 'Valerie Mueller, RESETTLEMENT AND FOOD SECURITY(2013).', 'Valerie Mueller (2013), RESETTLEMENT AND FOOD SECURITY.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 3, 7, 3),
(300, 'GENDER ROLES IN THE TOMATO VALUE CHAIN: A CASE STUDY OF KILOLO DISTRICT AND DODOMA MUNICIPALITY IN TANZANIA', 'P. Khasa and C. P. Msuya', '2016', 'Journals', '', '99967', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Although agricultural value chain interventions are implemented they don’t take into consideration different gender categories in the chain. This has partly contributed to failure by many interventions to increase agricultural production. It has also attributed to lack of enough information on gender roles in the agricultural value chain. A study was conducted to assess gender roles in the tomato value chain in Kilolo District and Dodoma Municipality in Tanzania. The study employed a cross sectional research design to collect data from 120 respondents. Key informants interviews and observations were used to supplement the collected data. The statistical package for social sciences was used to analyze data. In both study areas the identified actors were input suppliers, producers, transporters, coolies, brokers, traders and consumers. Box/crate/tenga makers were identified in Kilolo District but not in Dodoma Municipality. Different gender categories like youth, middle and old aged people of both sexes play different roles in the tomato value chain including input supplying, production, transportation and marketing. Middle-aged males followed by females of the same category perform more than half of the roles in the chain. It is recommended that interventions aimed at improving tomato production should focus more on the identified gender categories.\r\nKey Words: Gender, Roles, Value chain, Tomato.', 'P. Khasa and C. P. Msuya (2016), GENDER ROLES IN THE TOMATO VALUE CHAIN: A CASE STUDY OF KILOLO DISTRICT AND DODOMA MUNICIPALITY IN TANZANIA.', 'P. Khasa and C. P. Msuya, GENDER ROLES IN THE TOMATO VALUE CHAIN: A CASE STUDY OF KILOLO DISTRICT AND DODOMA MUNICIPALITY IN TANZANIA(2016).', 'P. Khasa and C. P. Msuya (2016), GENDER ROLES IN THE TOMATO VALUE CHAIN: A CASE STUDY OF KILOLO DISTRICT AND DODOMA MUNICIPALITY IN TANZANIA.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 24, 3),
(301, 'BUDGET ALLOCATION, MAIZE YIELD PERFORMANCE, AND FOOD SECURITY OUTCOMES UNDER MALAWI’S FARM INPUT SUBSIDY PROGRAMME', 'JOHN MAZUNDA', '2013', 'Government Reports', '', '37632', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Food security in Malawi is generally equated with adequate maize production as the country’s main staple crop\r\naccounts for more than 60 percent of total food consumption. Malawi has a long history of subsidizing agricultural\r\ninputs, either as a general policy to ensure national-level food security or as a response to poor harvests.\r\nAs such, agricultural input subsidies targeted specifically at maize production for food self-sufficiency are a key\r\nelement in the Agricultural Sector Wide Approach (ASWAp), the agricultural development framework for the government\r\nof Malawi. Since 2005, the government has implemented the Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP), which has\r\nbeen widely credited for bringing about macro-level food security in Malawi. In recent years, however, the program\r\nhas come under scrutiny amid concerns about its financial sustainability and continued food security concerns at\r\nlocal level. This article explores the budget allocation, maize yield response, and food security outcomes of the FISP\r\nover its implementation period.', 'JOHN MAZUNDA (2013), BUDGET ALLOCATION, MAIZE YIELD PERFORMANCE, AND FOOD SECURITY OUTCOMES UNDER MALAWI’S FARM INPUT SUBSIDY PROGRAMME.', 'JOHN MAZUNDA, BUDGET ALLOCATION, MAIZE YIELD PERFORMANCE, AND FOOD SECURITY OUTCOMES UNDER MALAWI’S FARM INPUT SUBSIDY PROGRAMME(2013).', 'JOHN MAZUNDA (2013), BUDGET ALLOCATION, MAIZE YIELD PERFORMANCE, AND FOOD SECURITY OUTCOMES UNDER MALAWI’S FARM INPUT SUBSIDY PROGRAMME.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 7, 3),
(302, 'Changes in Food and Nutrition Security in Malawi', 'Iñigo Verduzco‐Gallo, Olivier Ecker, and Karl Pauw', '2014', 'Government Reports', '', '59408', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'and where periods of food deficits and severe food crises are frequent occurrences. In recognition of this, the Malawian\r\ngovernment has since 2005/06 implemented a large-scale Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP), which supplies half of\r\nsmallholder farmers with sufficient fertilizer and maize seeds to satisfy the maize consumption needs of an average-sized\r\nfamily. While the program boosted maize production and lowered maize prices, thus ensuring increased caloric availability\r\nat the household level, its effect on overall food consumption, dietary diversity, micronutrient deficiency, and child\r\nnutrition is less clear. This study evaluates household expenditure survey data to measure changes in nutrition outcomes\r\nbetween 2004/05 and 2010/11. While the study is not an evaluation of the nutritional impact of FISP per se, it does shed\r\nsome light on the possible nutritional effects of the program. The results are disconcerting. For example, we find evidence\r\nof rising consumption inequality associated with a rise in extreme poverty and a significant increase in income among the\r\nurban non-poor. Although calorie deficiency declined—including among the rural poor, dietary diversity among the rural\r\npoor decreased and mineral and vitamin deficiencies increased nationwide, especially in rural areas. The various child\r\nnutrition indicators reveal mixed results. For example, chronic child malnutrition declined substantially, whereas acute\r\nmalnutrition increased. The study also highlights several concerns related to data quality and inconsistencies in estimated\r\nchanges in food and nutrition indicators when compared to results from alternative datasets.\r\nKeywords: Agriculture, dietary diversity, farm input subsidy program (FISP), food security, mineral and vitamin\r\ndeficiency, nutrition, Malawi, Sub-Saharan Africa.', 'Iñigo Verduzco‐Gallo, Olivier Ecker, and Karl Pauw (2014), Changes in Food and Nutrition Security in Malawi.', 'Iñigo Verduzco‐Gallo, Olivier Ecker, and Karl Pauw, Changes in Food and Nutrition Security in Malawi(2014).', 'Iñigo Verduzco‐Gallo, Olivier Ecker, and Karl Pauw (2014), Changes in Food and Nutrition Security in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 2, 16, 3),
(303, 'Strengthening storage, credit, and food security linkages The role and potential impact of warehouse receipt systems in Malawi', 'Brent Edelman, Lim Hak Lee, Athur Mabiso, and Karl Pauw', '2015', 'Government Reports', '', '95144', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This study considers the extent to which smallholder farmers, including those who do not necessarily produce a surplus for the market, might benefit from participating in warehouse receipt systems (WRS) in terms of improved income and food security. We consider three potential channels: efficient food markets; reduced post-harvest losses; and access to credit. Firstly, we find that WRS, through its potential to increase demand for storage and facilitate temporal arbitrage, could address high price seasonality driven by high transport margins and thin commodity markets. By lowering price seasonality, WRS would benefit net-consuming households that tend to sell low and buy high. However, since temporal arbitrage transactions are associated with costs and price risks, engaging in them becomes undesirable if prices do not follow predictable seasonal patterns. Prices tend to be less predictable in countries such as Malawi where government market intervention is highly discretionary. This hinders the development of a well-functioning WRS. Secondly, as WRS guarantees the quantity and quality of the commodity stored, such systems could improve food security in Malawi by reducing post-harvest losses. Storage-related maize losses are currently thought to be between 5 and 10 percent in Malawi. The combined benefit of reduced storage losses and higher expected future prices provides an opportunity for smallholder farmers to benefit from temporal arbitrage. The extent of post-harvest losses under home storage and the distance to the WRS storage facility are important determinants of whether home storage is more cost-effective than WRS. Thirdly, the use of WRS-stored commodity as collateral for accessing formal credit could enable households to obtain cash for immediate needs, while better timing their commodity sales and avoiding having to use the grain market as a lender of last resort when prices are low, particularly shortly after harvest. Currently only around two percent of farm households in Malawi have access to formal credit, suggesting considerable potential for WRS as a market mechanism for credit access. The study concludes by considering factors that discourage farmers from participating in WRS. These include high minimum commodity deposit quantities; high transport costs; lack of trust in and difficulties understanding WRS; and problems in accessing WRS credit.', 'Brent Edelman, Lim Hak Lee, Athur Mabiso, and Karl Pauw (2015), Strengthening storage, credit, and food security linkages The role and potential impact of warehouse receipt systems in Malawi.', 'Brent Edelman, Lim Hak Lee, Athur Mabiso, and Karl Pauw, Strengthening storage, credit, and food security linkages The role and potential impact of warehouse receipt systems in Malawi(2015).', 'Brent Edelman, Lim Hak Lee, Athur Mabiso, and Karl Pauw (2015), Strengthening storage, credit, and food security linkages The role and potential impact of warehouse receipt systems in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 17, 31, 3),
(304, 'Strategic Options for Agriculture and Development in Malawi', 'Andrew Dorward and Ephraim Chirwa ', '2015', 'Government Reports', '', '11044', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper considers potential strategic options for agriculture and development in Malawi in the context of the country’s current situation and the prospects the country faces. After briefly reviewing current national and sectoral policy and potential roles of smallholder agriculture in economic growth, we set out the current situation in order to consider strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.\r\nWe conclude that a major emphasis is needed on supporting changes that reduce the rate of population growth and promote capacity for adaptation and resilience to climate change. Rapid increases in the productivity of agricultural land and labor and in rural incomes will be critical to this, alongside increased education and empowerment of girls and women. There are, however, difficult potential trade-offs to negotiate (for example, between increased irrigation and reduced inflows into Lake Malawi) and these need further consideration.\r\nFrom this analysis we derive a set of nine strategic principles and two operational principles, for eleven in total, that we suggest could helpfully stimulate and guide strategy development to address the opportunities and threats facing Malawian agriculture, as follows:\r\nStrategic principles:\r\n1. Sustainable investments and activities that are viable for and acceptable to all stakeholders.\r\n2. Emphasis on land and wider labor productivity\r\n3. Integration of complementary agricultural and non-agricultural strategies, policies, and investments.\r\n4. Emphasis on broad-based and inclusive growth.\r\n5. Emphasis on increased quality and diversity in food production.\r\n6. Emphasis on market access and affordability of food for all, particularly for the rural and urban poor.\r\n7. Promotion of sustainable practices with accumulation, rather than depletion, of natural resources, taking account of both current and future threats to sustainability.\r\n8. Rapid achievement of broad-based growth as a significant element in reducing the rate of population growth and in supporting climate change adaptation and resilience.\r\n9. Pursuit of agro-processing opportunities to promote value addition with local downstream linkages.\r\nOperational principles:\r\n10. Consistent coordinated vision.\r\n11. Clear priorities and roles.\r\nThe application of these principles is illustrated by indicative consideration of policy and investment options focus-ing on the development of different commodities and broadly-defined resources. Consistent implementation of coordinat-ed and consistent sectoral and inter-sectoral policies to support smallholder agriculture development is critical for achievement of the desired growth and diversification impacts. A number of concrete and immediate policy and invest-ment recommendations are made.', 'Andrew Dorward and Ephraim Chirwa  (2015), Strategic Options for Agriculture and Development in Malawi.', 'Andrew Dorward and Ephraim Chirwa , Strategic Options for Agriculture and Development in Malawi(2015).', 'Andrew Dorward and Ephraim Chirwa  (2015), Strategic Options for Agriculture and Development in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 28, 3),
(305, 'MAPPING THE LINKAGES BETWEEN AGRICULTURE, FOOD SECURITY & NUTRITION IN MALAWI', 'Noora-Lisa Aberman, Janice Meerman, and Todd Benson', '2015', 'Government Reports', '', '17577', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Although dramatic increases in maize yields since the implementation of the Farm Income Subsidy Program (FISP)—the major national program that subsidizes fertilizer and improved seed primarily for maize cultivation—have likely enhanced household maize self-sufficiency (Chibwana et al. 2012), Malawian diets remain poorly diversified. Indeed, the contribution of foods other than maize to national per capita dietary energy supply appears to have actually decreased slightly in recent years.\r\nPoorly diversified diets characterized by an overreliance on starchy staples are a red flag for malnutrition. Conversely, diets which include a variety of foods are considered important for positive health. Diets which include nutrient-rich legumes and animal-source foods as well as vitamin-rich fruits and vegetables are associated with micronutrient adequacy and reductions in chronic undernutrition (Arimond and Ruel 2004; Thompson and Amoroso 2011).\r\nWhile crop diversification is an explicit goal of the Government of Malawi, continued support to achieving maize self-sufficiency through the provision of input subsidies also remains a strong policy objective (MOAFS 2011). Theoretically, these two objectives are not mutually exclusive; increasing maize yields through intensification methods, such as those involving increased use of inorganic fertilizer and improved seed facilitated by the FISP subsidies, could potentially free land resources for cultivation of other, more nutrient-dense food crops (Arndt, Pauw, and Thurlow 2013). However, this hypothesis assumes that diversification in household-level production of food crops does, indeed, lead to diversification in the diets of individuals, with possible subsequent positive results their nutritional status.\r\nEvidence on this assumption is scant. Although a large number of empirical studies analyze the determinants of crop diversification or dietary diversity, only a handful assess causal linkages between the two (Herforth and Harris 2014; Hirvonen and Hoddinott 2014; Remans et al 2014). For Malawi specifically, a recent study presented new evidence on precisely this pathway. Using the nationally-representative IHS3 survey data, Jones, Shrinivas, and Bezner-Kerr (2014) found that farm production diversity was associated with greater household-level dietary diversity.', 'Noora-Lisa Aberman, Janice Meerman, and Todd Benson (2015), MAPPING THE LINKAGES BETWEEN AGRICULTURE, FOOD SECURITY & NUTRITION IN MALAWI.', 'Noora-Lisa Aberman, Janice Meerman, and Todd Benson, MAPPING THE LINKAGES BETWEEN AGRICULTURE, FOOD SECURITY & NUTRITION IN MALAWI(2015).', 'Noora-Lisa Aberman, Janice Meerman, and Todd Benson (2015), MAPPING THE LINKAGES BETWEEN AGRICULTURE, FOOD SECURITY & NUTRITION IN MALAWI.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 18, 31, 3),
(306, 'Impact of Drought on Poverty in Somalia', 'Utz Pape and Philip Wollburg', '2019', 'Corporate Reports', '', '63894', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The impact of adverse climatic, and other, income shocks on household and individual welfare in\r\ndeveloping countries is an issue of considerable policy interest. Understanding the magnitude and\r\nimportance of income shocks in causing and perpetuating poverty is critical to designing measures aimed\r\nat building resilience, contributing towards the goal of ending poverty. A growing body of literature\r\nprovides empirical evidence of the micro‐level impacts of adverse shocks in developing countries. Dercon\r\nand Krishnan (2000), Dercon (2004), and Porter (2012) find that weather shocks have a negative and longlasting\r\neffect on consumption outcomes in rural Ethiopia. Hill and Porter (2016) and Makoka (2008) show\r\nthat drought and price shocks reduce consumption and especially farm income, while increasing\r\nvulnerability to poverty in rural Ethiopia and Malawi, respectively. Similarly, Alem and Soderbom (2012)\r\nconclude that high food prices adversely affect households in urban Ethiopia, especially those relying on\r\ncasual work and with low asset levels. Hill and Mejia‐Mantilla (2017) find negative effects of drought,\r\nconflict, and prices on poverty levels in Uganda, and Pape and Parisotto (forthcoming) find a large and\r\nsignificant impact of conflict on poverty in South Sudan. Hoddinott and Kinsey (2001) and Alderman et al.\r\n(2006) show the causal relation between rainfall shocks and reduced human capital formation.', 'Utz Pape and Philip Wollburg (2019), Impact of Drought on Poverty in Somalia.', 'Utz Pape and Philip Wollburg, Impact of Drought on Poverty in Somalia(2019).', 'Utz Pape and Philip Wollburg (2019), Impact of Drought on Poverty in Somalia.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 38, 3),
(307, 'Malawi Social Protection Status Report', 'Document of the World Bank', '2007', 'Public Reports', '', '76149', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Malawi is in the process of moving away from safety nets programming towards more longterm\r\npredictable social protection programming that helps poor households deal with risk and\r\nshocks through a more institutionalized and coordinated approach. There are significant\r\nchanges underway to transform the way that social protection i s designed, funded and\r\nimplemented in Malawi. Social protection i s on the agenda o f Government, donors and NGOs\r\nin Malawi, and a National Social Protection Steering Committee and National Social\r\nProtection Technical Committees has been established.\r\nI n the period 2003-2006, including emergency aid and disaster response, the combined safety\r\nnetshocial protection system amounted to an average of more than USD 134 million per year.\r\nThere are, therefore, compelling reasons to ensure that the system for delivering social\r\nprotection i s efficient and effective.\r\nThis report provides a stocktake o f social protection in Malawi for the period 2003-2006, and,\r\nin partnership with the development o f a Malawi Social Protection Framework, aims to help\r\nMalawi move towards a long-term social protection policy and program. The report answers\r\ntwo specific questions:\r\ni) Do the range, goals and coverage of existing social protection interventions\r\n(inventory) match up with the existing profile of poverty, risk and vulnerability?\r\nii) Do the current institutional and financing arrangements match up with the need\r\nfor institutionalized social protection in Malawi?\r\nThe work feeds into a final section on options for a more significant and coherent national\r\nsocial protection program. For the purposes o f this report social protection i s defined as\r\ncomprising:\r\nThe policies and actions that protect and promote the livelihoods and welfare of poor and\r\nvulnerable people\r\nI t i s recognized that social protection overlaps with social policy, economic policies, and\r\ndisaster reduction, and should not be considered as a stand alone policy.', 'Document of the World Bank (2007), Malawi Social Protection Status Report.', 'Document of the World Bank, Malawi Social Protection Status Report(2007).', 'Document of the World Bank (2007), Malawi Social Protection Status Report.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(308, 'PRICE INSTABILITY IN THE MAIZE MARKET IN MALAWI', 'Elizabeth Luhanga Manda', '2010', 'Dissertations', '', '85330', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The thesis examines seasonal price instability in the Malawi maize market over the 21-year\r\nperiod from 1989 to 2009, covering five interlocking dimensions. The first establishes the\r\nreasons that maize price instability in Malawi is critical for vulnerability to food insecurity.\r\nThe second sets out the causes and effects of price instability, and its relationship to the\r\nhistory of the maize market in Malawi. The third analyses the average magnitude of\r\nseasonal price changes, and contextualizes this in relation to different district maize\r\nmarkets and different food crops. The fourth examines the competitiveness and efficiency\r\nof the Malawi maize market. The fifth provides an analytic narrative account of three\r\nepisodes of extreme maize price volatility experienced in Malawi between 2000 and 2009.\r\nThe thesis produces a number of findings. The gross seasonal margin for maize in Malawi\r\naveraged 60 per cent in the period 1989-2009. Seasonality varies by location, with the\r\nhighest seasonal margins occurring in remote rural areas, and places close to border\r\ncrossing points for informal maize imports. Other food crops exhibit less price seasonality\r\nthan maize, and two of them, rice and beans, display evidence of declining price seasonality.\r\nThe structure and conduct of the maize market is competitive at local and more aggregate\r\nlevels of market participation. Cointegration analysis shows that the maize market is\r\nspatially efficient. Extreme price spikes follow similar patterns, characterized by the\r\ndominance of political over economic considerations.\r\nThe private-public coordination problem takes central position in the policy interpretation\r\nof these findings. The thesis would concur with the prognosis of other researchers that until\r\nthe government adopts a rule- rather than discretion-based approach to maize market\r\nmanagement, episodes of excessive instability in the maize market are unfortunately likely\r\nto recur in the future.', 'Elizabeth Luhanga Manda (2010), PRICE INSTABILITY IN THE MAIZE MARKET IN MALAWI.', 'Elizabeth Luhanga Manda, PRICE INSTABILITY IN THE MAIZE MARKET IN MALAWI(2010).', 'Elizabeth Luhanga Manda (2010), PRICE INSTABILITY IN THE MAIZE MARKET IN MALAWI.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 34, 3),
(309, 'African re-agrarianization? Accumulation or pro-poor agricultural growth?', 'Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes', '2012', 'Corporate Reports', '', '32923', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Recent signs of increasing agricultural production in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa are by some commentators connected to local level differentiation. This paper discusses such interpretations using household level longitudinal data from smallholder households in eight African countries for the period between 2002 and 2008. The use of a mixed methods social science approach complements traditional economic approaches through adding a spatial perspective. Pro-poor agricultural growth so far is concentrated to particular villages, where it is highly inclusive. The policy challenge remains to devise strategies that can enhance growth also in marginal areas.\r\nKeywords: Africa, Zambia, pro-poor agricultural growth, rural differentiation, social science research', 'Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes (2012), African re-agrarianization? Accumulation or pro-poor agricultural growth?.', 'Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes, African re-agrarianization? Accumulation or pro-poor agricultural growth?(2012).', 'Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes (2012), African re-agrarianization? Accumulation or pro-poor agricultural growth?.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 27, 3),
(310, 'Looking Beyond the Plot: The Nutritional Impact of Fertilizer Policy', 'Marissa Ward and Paulo Santos', '2010', 'Corporate Reports', '', '52750', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper evaluates one indirect impact of fertilizer policy, the nutritional gains due to\r\nincreased food production. We look specifically at the case of Malawi’s Targeted Input\r\nProgram and show that benefitting from the program during its entire duration could have\r\nled to gains substantial gains in human capital.', 'Marissa Ward and Paulo Santos (2010), Looking Beyond the Plot: The Nutritional Impact of Fertilizer Policy.', 'Marissa Ward and Paulo Santos, Looking Beyond the Plot: The Nutritional Impact of Fertilizer Policy(2010).', 'Marissa Ward and Paulo Santos (2010), Looking Beyond the Plot: The Nutritional Impact of Fertilizer Policy.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 35, 3),
(311, 'African farmer-led irrigation development: re-framing agricultural policy and investment?', 'Philip Woodhouse , Gert Jan Veldwisch, Jean-Philippe Venot, Dan Brockington, Hans Komakech and Ângela Manjichi', '2017', 'Journals', '', '95213', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The past decade has witnessed an intensifying focus on the development of irrigation in\r\nsub-Saharan Africa. It follows a 20-year hiatus in the wake of disappointing irrigation\r\nperformance during the 1970s and 1980s. Persistent low productivity in African\r\nagriculture and vulnerability of African food supplies to increasing instability in\r\ninternational commodity markets are driving pan-African agricultural investment\r\ninitiatives, such as the Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Programme\r\n(CAADP), that identify as a priority the improvement in reliability of water control\r\nfor agriculture. The paper argues that, for such initiatives to be effective, there needs\r\nto be a re-appraisal of current dynamics of irrigation development in sub-Saharan\r\nAfrica, particularly with respect to the role of small-scale producers’ initiatives in\r\nexpanding irrigation. The paper reviews the principal forms such initiatives take and\r\nargues that official narratives and statistics on African irrigation often underestimate\r\nthe extent of such activities. The paper identifies five key characteristics which, it\r\nargues, contradict widely held assumptions that inform irrigation policy in Africa.\r\nThe paper concludes by offering a definition of ‘farmer-led irrigation’ that embraces a\r\nrange of interaction between producers and commercial, government and nongovernment\r\nagencies, and identifies priority areas for research on the growth potential\r\nand impact of such interactions and strategies for their future development.\r\nKeywords: irrigation; sub-Saharan Africa; small-scale agriculture; technology\r\ninnovation', 'Philip Woodhouse , Gert Jan Veldwisch, Jean-Philippe Venot, Dan Brockington, Hans Komakech and Ângela Manjichi (2017), African farmer-led irrigation development: re-framing agricultural policy and investment?.', 'Philip Woodhouse , Gert Jan Veldwisch, Jean-Philippe Venot, Dan Brockington, Hans Komakech and Ângela Manjichi, African farmer-led irrigation development: re-framing agricultural policy and investment?(2017).', 'Philip Woodhouse , Gert Jan Veldwisch, Jean-Philippe Venot, Dan Brockington, Hans Komakech and Ângela Manjichi (2017), African farmer-led irrigation development: re-framing agricultural policy and investment?.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 15, 3),
(312, 'Agriculture and Social Protection in Malawi', 'Andrew Dorward, Bruce Guenther and Rachel Sabates-Wheeler', '2009', 'Corporate Reports', '', '71884', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Introduction\r\nThis paper reviews social protection and agriculture policies\r\nin Malawi in order to explore the links, synergies and\r\nconflicts that lie between them. It begins with brief background\r\ninformation about Malawi, in terms of its\r\neconomic and welfare indicators. Particular emphasis is\r\nplaced on understanding agricultural and social protection\r\npolicies within the context of (a) political issues and\r\n(b) market and livelihood development. This is followed\r\nwith a review of agricultural and social protection policies,\r\ntheir interactions and their impacts on livelihoods\r\nand welfare. Specific attention is given to evolving input\r\nsubsidy policies which are of particular relevance to this\r\nreview. We conclude with a discussion of lessons that\r\ncan be learned from Malawian experience with agriculture\r\nand social protection.', 'Andrew Dorward, Bruce Guenther and Rachel Sabates-Wheeler (2009), Agriculture and Social Protection in Malawi.', 'Andrew Dorward, Bruce Guenther and Rachel Sabates-Wheeler, Agriculture and Social Protection in Malawi(2009).', 'Andrew Dorward, Bruce Guenther and Rachel Sabates-Wheeler (2009), Agriculture and Social Protection in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 18, 33, 3);
INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(313, 'Smallholder Risk Management Solutions (SRMS) in Malawi and Ethiopia Replicable Business Model, Malawi: Social inclusion and impact evaluation', 'Prepared by Oxford Policy Management on behalf of SAIRLA', '2019', 'Corporate Reports', '', '84074', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'A Replicable Business Model (RBM) using a revolving seed fund and managed by a cooperative was introduced in Phalombe district, southern Malawi to increase the supply of certified seed of improved pigeonpea varieties. After two years of operation, a household survey was conducted in the 2018-19 cropping season to evaluate the RBM in terms of social inclusion and the commercialisation of pigeonpea. The survey compared a treatment group of participants with a control group of non-participants. A poverty scorecard showed that 42% of households participating in the RBM fell below the national poverty line, while 76% fell below the international poverty line of $1.90 per day in 2011 ($1.25 per day in 2005). This compares closely with the corresponding figures for the control group of 46% and 78%, respectively. Significant differences between participants and non-participants were found for some additional poverty indicators not included in the Poverty Scorecard, but these showed no consistent bias towards the treatment group. Propensity Score Matching was used to measure the impact of the RBM on commercialisation. In terms of improved pigeonpea varieties, the RBM increased farmers’ awareness of improved varieties, access to seed, and adoption by 46%. In terms of production, the RBM increased pigeonpea production by 65 kg per household, reflecting both a higher area planted (0.4 acres) and a higher yield (30 kg/acre). In terms of commercialisation, the RBM increased the share of households selling pigeonpea by 24%, the average quantity sold by 16 kg, and the average income from pigeonpea sales by MWK 4,741/household (US$ 5). The RBM also significantly increased the amount of pigeonpea used for home consumption by an average of 49 kg/household. We conclude that, although participants and non-participants differed in some poverty indicators, based on national and international poverty lines the RBM was socially inclusive. The RBM has also had a significant impact on improving access to certified seed and the adoption of improved varieties. However, the impact on commercialisation was modest. One third of the RBM participants did not sell any pigeonpea and two-thirds of pigeonpea production was not sold but kept for home consumption. In the case of staple food crops like pigeonpea, the twin objectives of social inclusion and commercialisation may prove too difficult to combine. On the other hand, by successfully combining social inclusion with higher household food security the RBM has benefitted poorer smallholders.', 'Prepared by Oxford Policy Management on behalf of SAIRLA (2019), Smallholder Risk Management Solutions (SRMS) in Malawi and Ethiopia Replicable Business Model, Malawi: Social inclusion and impact evaluation.', 'Prepared by Oxford Policy Management on behalf of SAIRLA, Smallholder Risk Management Solutions (SRMS) in Malawi and Ethiopia Replicable Business Model, Malawi: Social inclusion and impact evaluation(2019).', 'Prepared by Oxford Policy Management on behalf of SAIRLA (2019), Smallholder Risk Management Solutions (SRMS) in Malawi and Ethiopia Replicable Business Model, Malawi: Social inclusion and impact evaluation.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 30, 3),
(314, 'Agricultural input subsidies in Sub-Saharan Africa', 'Kenneth Baltzer and Henrik Hansen', '2011', 'Corporate Reports', '', '31852', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The purpose of this study is to evaluate the experiences of recent applications of agricultural input\r\nsubsidies in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Subsidising agricultural inputs is controversial. On the one hand,\r\nagricultural input use in SSA is very low by international standards, and the hope is that subsidies may\r\ninduce farmers to adopt the use of inputs and thereby increase agricultural productivity. On the other\r\nhand, many economists argue that agricultural subsidies of all kinds are expensive, mainly benefit the\r\nwrong people, and distort agricultural markets by encouraging farmers to overusing whatever is\r\nsubsidised. The recent input subsidy programmes reviewed in this study attempt to meet these\r\nchallenges by introducing so-called “smart” subsidies, which are specifically designed to maximise\r\neffects at the lowest cost (we will discuss smart subsidies in more detail below).\r\nThe overall objective of the evaluation study is to “...provide an assessment of smart subsidy\r\nprogrammes in SSA, focusing on obtained results as well as the way results have (or have not) been\r\nachieved, hindering and enabling factors, pre-conditions, etc.” (Terms of Reference, included in the\r\nAppendix). We evaluate the overall performance of selected input subsidy programmes, identify the\r\nmost important factors affecting programme performance, and outline areas where knowledge is scarce\r\nor non-existent.\r\nWe have selected agricultural input subsidy programmes in four SSA countries, Malawi, Zambia, Ghana\r\nand Tanzania to form the basis for the evaluation study. The need to assess the subsidy programmes in\r\nsome detail dictates our focus on relatively few cases. The Malawi programme has received a great deal\r\nof attention as an example of a successful input subsidy programme. It is massive in scale, targeting is\r\nbased on a voucher system, and delivery of inputs to farmers is largely state-managed. It is also\r\nreasonably well documented in the literature. The large scale programme in Zambia provides an\r\nexample of an alternative non-voucher targeting system and features state-driven delivery. The Ghana\r\ncase demonstrates a relatively small programme with a very market oriented delivery system, and the\r\nTanzania case provides insights into the targeting performance of a voucher scheme. Together, the\r\nselected cases provide considerable breadth in terms of differences in the scope, design,\r\nimplementation and outcome of the programmes, as well as surrounding conditions.\r\nThe evaluation study is organised as follows: In the next section we discuss what is meant by “smart”\r\nsubsidies. The economic philosophy which is the foundation of the concept of smart subsidies also\r\nforms the basis for our methodology as outlined in section 3. Section 4 evaluates each of the four cases\r\nand section 5 summarises the lessons learned and section 6 concludes.', 'Kenneth Baltzer and Henrik Hansen (2011), Agricultural input subsidies in Sub-Saharan Africa.', 'Kenneth Baltzer and Henrik Hansen, Agricultural input subsidies in Sub-Saharan Africa(2011).', 'Kenneth Baltzer and Henrik Hansen (2011), Agricultural input subsidies in Sub-Saharan Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 33, 3),
(315, 'Women Empowerment in Agriculture and its Dimensions: A Conceptual Review', 'Deepika Sharma, Rashmi Chaudhary and Krishan Kumar', '2020', 'Journals', '', '57695', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Women empowerment is a broader term which has been described in a variety of ways. It is a global issue, which has\r\nbeen accelerated in recent decades. The term women empowerment has also received much attention from researchers,\r\ngovernment and other stakeholders. It is now widely accepted that gender equality and women empowerment are essential\r\ncomponent for achieving development results. The present article is an attempt to develop conceptual clarity of the term\r\nwomen empowerment and its dimensions in agriculture. As per the existing literature it has been reviewed that women\r\nempowerment is a complex and multidimensional concept. Different dimensions of women empowerment resulting from\r\nvarious definitions are: input in productive decisions and autonomy in production, ownership of assets and access to and\r\ndecisions on credit, control over use of income, workload and time allocation and education. It has also been analysed that\r\naccess to these dimensions and women empowerment might lead toward sustainable development in terms of improved\r\nlivelihood resulting in reducing food insecurity.', 'Deepika Sharma, Rashmi Chaudhary and Krishan Kumar (2020), Women Empowerment in Agriculture and its Dimensions: A Conceptual Review.', 'Deepika Sharma, Rashmi Chaudhary and Krishan Kumar, Women Empowerment in Agriculture and its Dimensions: A Conceptual Review(2020).', 'Deepika Sharma, Rashmi Chaudhary and Krishan Kumar (2020), Women Empowerment in Agriculture and its Dimensions: A Conceptual Review.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 23, 3),
(316, 'Scaling up Agroforestry to Achieve Food Security and Environmental Protection among Smallholder Farmers in Malawi', 'T.L. Beedy, O.C. Ajayi, G.W. Sileshi, G. Kundhlande, G. Chiundu and A.J. Simons', '2013', 'Journals', '', '33429', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Malawi is a land-locked country in southern Africa. Three-fourths of Malawi’s 13 million people rely\r\non smallholder agriculture for their livelihoods. Increasing population, accelerating deforestation, poor soil and\r\nwater management, and increasing poverty and land degradation directly impact the food security and human\r\nhealth of millions of Malawians. Cropping systems which combine cereal crops, agroforestry and small doses of\r\ninorganic fertilizers produce food-crop yields greater than inorganic fertilizers alone on degraded soils, as well as\r\nrecuperating soil nutrients over a period of years. These agroforestry practices improve the livelihoods of farm\r\nfamilies, lower risks associated with fertilizer price increases and drought and at the same time improve biodiversity\r\nand nutrient and water cycling in the agro-ecosystem. The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) has a long\r\nhistory of agroforestry research and development in Malawi dating back to the 1980s. In 2007-2011, ICRAF\r\nimplemented the Malawi Agroforestry Food Security Project (AFSP) through inancial support from Irish Aid.\r\nICRAF’s task in AFSP was to build a strong partnership to reach 200,000 farming families in 11 districts. The\r\npurpose of AFSP was to combine tested agroforestry practices, effective partnership and informed policies to increase\r\nfood security and income, and improve livelihood opportunities for rural communities in Malawi, through\r\naccelerated adoption of fertilizer trees, fruit trees, fodder trees and fuel-wood trees. To accomplish these purposes,\r\nICRAF provided the farming communities with planting material (tree seeds and seedlings), and the knowledge\r\nof how to care for them and effectively combine them with food crops. The beneiciaries of the project saw increases\r\nin household food security and nutrition. However, dificulties were encountered in transporting tree\r\nseeds and seedlings across eleven districts in a timely fashion, and in managing the low of reporting and disbursements\r\nof funding among such a large group of collaborators. Several solutions were implemented which improved\r\nperformance in these areas, and which allowed the group to reach very near the targeted number of\r\nparticipants, and to plan for a second phase of the project.\r\nKeywords. Agroforestry, food security, Malawi, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), development partners,\r\nsoil degradation', 'T.L. Beedy, O.C. Ajayi, G.W. Sileshi, G. Kundhlande, G. Chiundu and A.J. Simons (2013), Scaling up Agroforestry to Achieve Food Security and Environmental Protection among Smallholder Farmers in Malawi.', 'T.L. Beedy, O.C. Ajayi, G.W. Sileshi, G. Kundhlande, G. Chiundu and A.J. Simons, Scaling up Agroforestry to Achieve Food Security and Environmental Protection among Smallholder Farmers in Malawi(2013).', 'T.L. Beedy, O.C. Ajayi, G.W. Sileshi, G. Kundhlande, G. Chiundu and A.J. Simons (2013), Scaling up Agroforestry to Achieve Food Security and Environmental Protection among Smallholder Farmers in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 25, 3),
(317, 'Gender and Access to Agricultural Resources by Smallholder Farmers in the Upper West Region of Ghana', 'J. N. Anaglo, S. D Boateng & C. A. Boateng', '2014', 'Journals', '', '65501', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Men and women continue to have differential access to agricultural resources despite the seemingly equal roles\r\nthey play in agriculture in many developing countries. The study sought to determine the relationship between\r\ngender and access to agricultural resources in the Upper West Region of Ghana. Simple random sampling\r\ntechnique was employed to select 400 farmers disaggregated into men and women from four districts in the\r\nregion. Statistically significant differences were observed between gender and access to land, labour, inputs and\r\nradio, extension agents and input suppliers (p<0.05) while there was no significant difference between gender\r\nand access to credit (p>0.05) even though women also have more access to credit than men. It has been\r\nrecommended that more aspects of the culture of the people be improved to pave way for more access to\r\nagricultural land in particular. Levels of credit support are very low in the region and financial institutions need\r\nto reduce some of the bottlenecks to allow easy access to credit. Also extension agents should endeavour to\r\neducate smallholders on how to access information through electronic platforms and also make them seek more\r\ninformation from input suppliers as the current situation demands.\r\nKey words: Gender, Inputs, Credit, ICT.', 'J. N. Anaglo, S. D Boateng & C. A. Boateng (2014), Gender and Access to Agricultural Resources by Smallholder Farmers in the Upper West Region of Ghana.', 'J. N. Anaglo, S. D Boateng & C. A. Boateng, Gender and Access to Agricultural Resources by Smallholder Farmers in the Upper West Region of Ghana(2014).', 'J. N. Anaglo, S. D Boateng & C. A. Boateng (2014), Gender and Access to Agricultural Resources by Smallholder Farmers in the Upper West Region of Ghana.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 29, 3),
(318, 'Agricultural Management Strategy on Food Security in Taraba State', 'Dr. Mahmood Hamid Umar, Dr. Jerome Nyameh & Jane Jauro', '2014', 'Journals', '', '75887', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The increasing population of the world is becoming worrisome compare with the food production or agricultural\r\nactivities that is considered to be backward or inadequate because of certain factors that thwart agricultural\r\nactivities like the climate change and lack of modern agricultural equipments for commercial agricultural\r\nactivities, family, community and government are developing a means to an end on how food security and other\r\nagricultural activities can be boaster to meet up the growing population. This paper suggest strategic of\r\nagricultural management that will support food security in Taraba state in order to meet up the growing\r\npopulation in the state. The paper further recommends food security measures for the state and the Nation at\r\nlarge.\r\nKeywords: agricultural management strategy, food security and Taraba State', 'Dr. Mahmood Hamid Umar, Dr. Jerome Nyameh & Jane Jauro (2014), Agricultural Management Strategy on Food Security in Taraba State.', 'Dr. Mahmood Hamid Umar, Dr. Jerome Nyameh & Jane Jauro, Agricultural Management Strategy on Food Security in Taraba State(2014).', 'Dr. Mahmood Hamid Umar, Dr. Jerome Nyameh & Jane Jauro (2014), Agricultural Management Strategy on Food Security in Taraba State.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 14, 3),
(319, 'Review on Policy Issues and Gender in Agricultural Value Chain in Ethiopia', 'BETELA BEYENE and TAKELE HONJA', '2018', 'Journals', '', '33584', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'agricultural sectors. However, their roles are invisible in developing countries particularly Ethiopia. Empowering\r\nwomen through property rights also had an overall effect on poverty reduction and malnutrition, illustrating the\r\nlink between the achievement of MDG 1 and women’s access to assets. However, despite these recent initiatives,\r\na mixture of economic constraints, cultural norms and practices continue to limit women’s contribution to\r\nhousehold food security and, to a lesser extent, inhibit the commercialization of the sector. Gender inequality is\r\none of the features of Ethiopian society. In almost all aspects of life, women are at a disadvantage. Particularly,\r\nin rural areas, cultural, economic and physiological factors place huge barriers across sexes. This review paper\r\nwas aiming to identify the role of gender and opportunities and challenge of women agricultural value chain in\r\nEthiopia. Now a day, Ethiopian policy created the opportunities for the women by increasing women’s access to\r\nand control over assets, increasing women’s access to skills and knowledge, strengthening women’s decisionmaking\r\nrole and increasing women’s participation in market-oriented agricultural Production. Contrarily,\r\ndifferent challenges were encountered with women in agricultural value chain in Ethiopia. These are limited\r\nimpact orientation and weak implementation linkages; limited vision of women’s potential exacerbated by\r\ncultural barriers, religious influences and a male-dominated society; limited numbers of women and women in\r\nleadership positions at community level; limited access by women to formal information and knowledge, and\r\ntheir lack of resources.\r\nKeywords: Value chain, Gender, Empowering, MDGs and Policy issues', 'BETELA BEYENE and TAKELE HONJA (2018), Review on Policy Issues and Gender in Agricultural Value Chain in Ethiopia.', 'BETELA BEYENE and TAKELE HONJA, Review on Policy Issues and Gender in Agricultural Value Chain in Ethiopia(2018).', 'BETELA BEYENE and TAKELE HONJA (2018), Review on Policy Issues and Gender in Agricultural Value Chain in Ethiopia.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 23, 3),
(320, 'Risk, Risk Management and Vulnerability to Poverty in Rural Malawi', 'Donald Makoka', '2008', 'Dissertations', '', '12969', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Vulnerability to poverty in Malawi is highly associated with risk. Rural households face\r\nmultiple shocks, most of which threaten their livelihoods and impact negatively on their\r\nwelfare. This study investigates three inherently interconnected issues: vulnerability to\r\npoverty; risk management strategies; and consumption smoothing. The central research\r\nissue is on understanding the role of risk in household vulnerability and poverty. Using a\r\ntwo-period panel dataset of 259 households in rural Malawi, the study addresses three\r\nobjectives: First, to identify the determinants of vulnerability in rural Malawi. Second, to\r\nanalyze households’ coping mechanisms for different shocks and identify the\r\ndeterminants of these mechanisms. Third, to test for the existence of household\r\nconsumption smoothing as an insurance mechanism against idiosyncratic shocks.\r\nThe panel dataset used in the study was derived from the 2004 second Malawi Integrated\r\nHousehold Survey (IHS2) from which 259 households were sampled and followed up in\r\n2006 with a similar questionnaire. Vulnerability was modelled as expected poverty using\r\nChristiaensen and Subbarao (2004) methodology to investigate the extent to which rural\r\nhouseholds in Malawi are vulnerable to poverty. The results show that in 2004 the\r\nsampled households had an average chance of 44 percent of falling into poverty in 2006\r\nand around 21 percent of the non-poor in 2004 were vulnerable to poverty in 2006.\r\nFurther, female-headed households appear to be more vulnerable than their male\r\ncounterparts. Education, land holdings and running a non-farm income generating\r\nactivity in the household reduce household vulnerability. Community infrastructures such\r\nas health clinics and access to markets have vulnerability-reducing effects. These\r\ncorrelates of vulnerability are extremely similar to the correlates of poverty among the\r\nsampled households. Both covariate and idiosyncratic shocks are felt more by the\r\nvulnerable households. The results further show that vulnerability among the studied\r\nhouseholds is exacerbated by low average consumption levels more than consumption\r\nvolatility.', 'Donald Makoka (2008), Risk, Risk Management and Vulnerability to Poverty in Rural Malawi.', 'Donald Makoka, Risk, Risk Management and Vulnerability to Poverty in Rural Malawi(2008).', 'Donald Makoka (2008), Risk, Risk Management and Vulnerability to Poverty in Rural Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 31, 3),
(321, 'The political economy of green growth: Illustrations from Southern Africa', 'Danielle Resnick, Finn Tarp, and James Thurlow', '2012', 'Corporate Reports', '', '49465', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The concept of ‘green growth’ implies that a wide range of developmental objectives,\r\nsuch as job creation, economic prosperity and poverty alleviation, can be easily\r\nreconciled with environmental sustainability. This study, however, argues that rather\r\nthan being win-win, green growth is similar to most types of policy reforms that\r\nadvocate the acceptance of short-term adjustment costs in the expectation of long-term\r\ngains. In particular, green growth policies often encourage developing countries to\r\nredesign their national strategies in ways that might be inconsistent with natural\r\ncomparative advantages and past investments. In turn, there are often sizeable antireform\r\ncoalitions whose interests may conflict with a green growth agenda. We\r\nillustrate this argument using case studies of Malawi, Mozambique, and South Africa,\r\nwhich are engaged in development strategies that involve inorganic fertilizers, biofuels\r\nproduction, and coal-based energy, respectively. Each of these countries is pursuing an\r\nenvironmentally suboptimal strategy but nonetheless addressing critical development\r\nneeds, including food security, fuel, and electricity. We show that adopting a green\r\ngrowth approach would not only be economically costly but also generate substantial\r\ndomestic resistance, especially amongst the poor.\r\nKeywords: development policy, green growth, political economy, Southern Africa\r\nJEL classification: D72, N57, P48, Q00', 'Danielle Resnick, Finn Tarp, and James Thurlow (2012), The political economy of green growth: Illustrations from Southern Africa.', 'Danielle Resnick, Finn Tarp, and James Thurlow, The political economy of green growth: Illustrations from Southern Africa(2012).', 'Danielle Resnick, Finn Tarp, and James Thurlow (2012), The political economy of green growth: Illustrations from Southern Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 31, 3),
(322, 'The impact of orphanhood on food security in the high-HIV context of Blantyre, Malawi', 'Jonathan Rivers, John B. Mason, Donald Diego Rose, Thomas P. Eisele, Stuart Gillespie, Mary Mahy, and Roeland Monasch', '2010', 'Journals', '', '53488', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'in Blantyre, Malawi, examined methods to improve\r\nmonitoring and evaluation of interventions aimed at\r\norphans and vulnerable children.\r\nObjective. A derivative of this larger study, the present\r\nstudy utilized the household data collected to assess differences\r\nin food security status among orphan households\r\nwith the aim of helping food security programmers focus\r\nresources on the households most affected.\r\nMethods. Orphan households were classified by\r\nnumber and type of orphans supported. Descriptive\r\nanalyses and logistic regressions were performed to assess\r\ndifferential vulnerability to food insecurity according to\r\nthese classifications.\r\nResults. Multiple-orphan households and multipleorphan\r\nhouseholds that cared for at least one foster child\r\nwere 2.42 and 6.87 times more likely to be food insecure,\r\nrespectively, than nonorphan households. No other category\r\nof orphan household was at elevated risk.\r\nConclusions. The food security impact of caring for\r\norphans varied significantly among orphan households,\r\nrequiring food security planners to focus resources on the\r\nhouseholds most heavily impacted by HIV/AIDS, including\r\nmultiple-orphan households, rather than focusing\r\non conventional designations of vulnerability, such as\r\norphans and vulnerable children.\r\nKey words: Food security, HIV, Malawi, orphans', 'Jonathan Rivers, John B. Mason, Donald Diego Rose, Thomas P. Eisele, Stuart Gillespie, Mary Mahy, and Roeland Monasch (2010), The impact of orphanhood on food security in the high-HIV context of Blantyre, Malawi.', 'Jonathan Rivers, John B. Mason, Donald Diego Rose, Thomas P. Eisele, Stuart Gillespie, Mary Mahy, and Roeland Monasch, The impact of orphanhood on food security in the high-HIV context of Blantyre, Malawi(2010).', 'Jonathan Rivers, John B. Mason, Donald Diego Rose, Thomas P. Eisele, Stuart Gillespie, Mary Mahy, and Roeland Monasch (2010), The impact of orphanhood on food security in the high-HIV context of Blantyre, Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 40, 3),
(323, 'Where there is no local government: addressing disaster risk reduction in a small town in Malawi', 'Mtafu Zeleza Manda', '2014', 'Journals', '', '42992', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Disaster risk reduction (DRR) has become a major area of concern\r\nin the wake of increasing numbers of disasters. With rapid urbanization, both\r\nglobally and locally, attention to the challenge of disaster risks has turned to\r\nurban settlements, where high densities and settlement patterns can, and do,\r\ncreate vulnerabilities. This paper presents an analysis of the hazards and risks\r\nthat the town of Karonga in Malawi faces from earthquakes, floods, strong winds\r\nand drought, and considers locally appropriate methods to address these. It also\r\ndiscusses the limits of collaborative urban planning in this context, especially in\r\nlight of the absence of an elected local government. Lessons from Karonga can\r\ninform the development of effective DRR mainstreaming tools in countries reliant\r\non external support.\r\nKeywords disaster risk / hazards / urban planning / vulnerability', 'Mtafu Zeleza Manda (2014), Where there is no local government: addressing disaster risk reduction in a small town in Malawi.', 'Mtafu Zeleza Manda, Where there is no local government: addressing disaster risk reduction in a small town in Malawi(2014).', 'Mtafu Zeleza Manda (2014), Where there is no local government: addressing disaster risk reduction in a small town in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 26, 3),
(324, 'AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND FOOD SECURITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (SSA)', 'A.J.E. CHARMAN', '2016', 'Journals', '', '32502', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'In the period 1987-2003 the Malawi food system weakened. Domestic food production\r\ncollapsed nationally in 1992, 1994, and 2001, while serious local shortages occurred in 1995,\r\nand 1997. Crop failures have necessitated substantial commercial grain imports. Food aid has\r\nalso been justified to provide free access to food for the poorest households. From 1990-2003,\r\ncommercial cereal imports totalled 3,805,890 Mt, equivalent to 317,158 Mt annually (roughly\r\n20% of average production). Over the same time frame, total donor food aid (cereals)\r\namounted to 1,413,850 Mt, while non-cereal aid measured 122,230 Mt. The trend shows a\r\ngrowing reliance on food importation and aid.\r\nChapter 2 of this report looks at food supply. The adoption of structural adjustment reforms\r\nfrom the mid 1980s weakened the government’s capacity to support local production. But\r\ndespite the investment constraints, since 1990 per capita availability of food has shown\r\nevidence of a slight improvement, rising from 1,933.4 calories / per capita per day in 1990 to\r\n2,167.9 calories / per capita per day in 2001. This change, although highly variable, is\r\nattributable to an increase in availability of vegetable products through domestic production\r\n(notably root and tuber crops) and maize available through food aid and imports.\r\nThe increased domestic production has assured an annual maize equivalent of Mt 2,697,042,\r\nequal to 224.42 kg/per person annually. At the level of production attained over the previous\r\n5 seasons, this would provide 2,121.23 K.cals per person per day or 93.827% of the\r\nrecommended daily calorie requirement. The fundamental food and nutrition problem in\r\nMalawi in reliable rainfall seasons, is therefore less a supply question, than a problem of\r\nuneven and unequal accessibility.\r\nMalawi remains with a significant structural production deficit in the daily calorie per capita\r\nsupply of wheat, vegetable oils, meat, animal fats and milk. It is reliant on imports to supply\r\nthese foods. Imports of wheat have risen steadily in volume and value over the period. The\r\nmain factor inhibiting increased imports is the weak domestic demand and poorly developed\r\nmarkets due to low economic growth and slow private sector investment.\r\nThe trend of food aid to Malawi shows a substantial increase in volume over the 1970s and\r\nearly 1980s. Since the early 1990s, food aid has intensified and diversified to encompass\r\nwelfare transfer programmes and supplementary feeding for the core poor.\r\nSmallholder production has been cyclically subject to drought impact. Production was\r\nreduced in 1991/92, 1993/94, 1994/95, 1996/7 and 1997/8. But despite these reversals, crop\r\nestimates over the study period show positive trends for maize, rice, millet and sorghum,\r\ngrain legumes, and groundnut production. The trend suggests that, given stable agroenvironmental\r\nconditions and investment in input requirements, a further positive\r\nimprovement (3.5%) in household Kcal/caput will result over the next few years. In this\r\nscenario, by 2005 Malawi will have attained the recommended average calorie requirements\r\n(2267 Kcal/caput). Our analysis shows that the composition of cereals and starch roots in total\r\nrequirements will undergo important changes: cereals will decrease to 55% of daily\r\nrequirements by 2009, whereas starchy roots and tubers will rise to 19% of daily\r\nrecommended requirements by 2009.', 'A.J.E. CHARMAN (2016), AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND FOOD SECURITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (SSA).', 'A.J.E. CHARMAN, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND FOOD SECURITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (SSA)(2016).', 'A.J.E. CHARMAN (2016), AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND FOOD SECURITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (SSA).', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 4, 26, 3),
(325, 'SAND IN THE ENGINE: THE TRAVAILS OF AN IRRIGATED RICE SCHEME IN BWANJE VALLEY, MALAWI', 'Gert Jan Veldwisch, Alex Bolding and Philippus Wester', '2014', 'Journals', '', '72897', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The establishment of the Bwanje Valley Irrigation Scheme (BVIS) in Malawi is a striking example of\r\ninformed amnesia in development assistance. Despite the lessons learned earlier concerning a process\r\napproach to participatory irrigation development in Africa, in the case of BVIS outside interveners\r\ndesigned an irrigation system and parachuted it into Bwanje Valley as a black-boxed technology. Using a\r\nsociotechnical approach, this article analyses the travails of this irrigation scheme, showing that the\r\nconventional irrigation factory mindset is ill suited for creating durable water-networks. Achieving\r\ntangible improvements in rural livelihoods is better served by the interactive prototyping of water-networks\r\nin situ, ensuring that new irrigation schemes are embedded in existing landscapes and complementary to\r\nexisting livelihood strategies rather than supplanting them.', 'Gert Jan Veldwisch, Alex Bolding and Philippus Wester (2014), SAND IN THE ENGINE: THE TRAVAILS OF AN IRRIGATED RICE SCHEME IN BWANJE VALLEY, MALAWI.', 'Gert Jan Veldwisch, Alex Bolding and Philippus Wester, SAND IN THE ENGINE: THE TRAVAILS OF AN IRRIGATED RICE SCHEME IN BWANJE VALLEY, MALAWI(2014).', 'Gert Jan Veldwisch, Alex Bolding and Philippus Wester (2014), SAND IN THE ENGINE: THE TRAVAILS OF AN IRRIGATED RICE SCHEME IN BWANJE VALLEY, MALAWI.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 25, 3),
(326, 'Comparative analysis of material flows in low input carp and poultry farming: an overview of concepts and methodology', 'Mark Prein', '2007', 'Journals', '', '81226', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'An overview is given of existing approaches and applications to account for the flow of\r\nmaterials within and in association with low input farming of fish and livestock, notably\r\nof carp and poultry. Statistical methods describe or quantify the effect of environmental\r\nand management factors on fish growth and yield, and the interactions between these\r\nvariables. Other methods are bioresource-flow accounting (“resource-flow diagrams”),\r\nenergy and nutrient flow budgeting, mass balance modelling and dynamic simulation\r\nmodeling. Some of these tools were specifically designated to assess sustainability,\r\nnotably of integrated agriculture-aquaculture farming systems, others to enable a wide\r\nrange of system-analytical functions and purposes.', 'Mark Prein (2007), Comparative analysis of material flows in low input carp and poultry farming: an overview of concepts and methodology.', 'Mark Prein, Comparative analysis of material flows in low input carp and poultry farming: an overview of concepts and methodology(2007).', 'Mark Prein (2007), Comparative analysis of material flows in low input carp and poultry farming: an overview of concepts and methodology.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 6, 29, 3),
(327, 'The Effects of NAIVS on Private Sector Fertilizer and Seed Supply Chains in Tanzania', 'David Mather, Betty Waized, Daniel Ndyetabula, Anna Temu, and Isaac Minde', '2016', 'Journals', '', '43487', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The recent wave of targeted subsidy programs in Africa have arguably been\r\nmore attentive to minimizing ‘crowding out’ of existing smallholder demand for commercial\r\nfertilizer to thereby improve program efficiency in raising smallholder total fertilizer use,\r\nrelative to untargeted, universal subsidy schemes. To our knowledge, there are no studies\r\nthat have assessed the extent to which a truly ‘smart’ fertilizer subsidy program has achieved\r\ngoals associated with ‘jump-starting’ the sustainable development of a market-driven\r\nagricultural input distribution system: (1) to improve smallholder access to inorganic\r\nfertilizer and improved maize/rice seed; (2) to provide a rapid, sustained and predictable\r\nincrease in smallholder farmers’ effective demand for inorganic fertilizer and improved\r\nmaize/rice seed so as to promote longer-term investment by the private sector fertilizer/seed\r\nsupply chains. We use a range of data sources to assess the extent to which Tanzania’s\r\nNational Agricultural Input Voucher Scheme program has achieved these goals. We find that\r\nNAIVS did lead to significant increases in use of inorganic fertilizer in maize/rice production\r\nfrom 2008/09 to 2012/13 and that most subsidy recipients had not previously used fertilizer\r\non these crops. We also find evidence of infrastructural investments made by agro-dealers\r\nand distributors during this time period, which key informants say were due in part to the\r\nincreased demand from NAIVS. Finally, we find a significant increase over time in the\r\namount of agricultural inputs given to agro-dealers by distributors on credit; an indicator that\r\nrepeated transactions between them appear to have reduced transaction costs of exchange.', 'David Mather, Betty Waized, Daniel Ndyetabula, Anna Temu, and Isaac Minde (2016), The Effects of NAIVS on Private Sector Fertilizer and Seed Supply Chains in Tanzania.', 'David Mather, Betty Waized, Daniel Ndyetabula, Anna Temu, and Isaac Minde, The Effects of NAIVS on Private Sector Fertilizer and Seed Supply Chains in Tanzania(2016).', 'David Mather, Betty Waized, Daniel Ndyetabula, Anna Temu, and Isaac Minde (2016), The Effects of NAIVS on Private Sector Fertilizer and Seed Supply Chains in Tanzania.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 31, 3),
(328, 'Actual and Potential Weather and Climate Information Needs for Development Planning in Malawi: Results of a Future Climate for Africa Pilot Case Study', 'Katharine Vincent, Andrew J. Dougill, Jami Dixon, Lindsay C. Stringer, Tracy Cull, David D. Mkwambisi and Diana Chanika', '2014', 'Corporate Reports', '', '38040', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The Future Climate For Africa (FCFA) programme will build on and further the successes of the Climate\r\nScience Research Partnership by turning attention explicitly towards improving “advancing scientific\r\nknowledge, understanding and prediction of African climate variability and change on 5 to 40 year\r\ntimescales, together with support for better integration of science into longer-term decision making,\r\nleading to improved climate risk management and the protection of lives and livelihoods”1. To provide\r\ninputs into the direction of climate science and ensure its better use in informing decision-making,\r\nunderstanding the varied needs and priorities of target decision-makers is critical. Recognising this,\r\nand in order to better target the nature of the FCFA programme, the Department for International\r\nDevelopment (DFID) through the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN)\r\ncommissioned four pilot case studies in different African countries to elicit the current and potential\r\nfuture use of weather and climate information.\r\nThe report presents the findings from one of the pilot case studies in Malawi, led by Kulima Integrated\r\nDevelopment Solutions and the University of Leeds in 2014. It identifies climate-related information\r\nneeds and decision-making priorities to inform decision-making for climate-resilient development in\r\nMalawi. Our focus is on social protection systems, food security and disaster risk management. These\r\ncross-cutting sectors meet FCFA’s needs to demonstrate complementarity with existing DFID\r\nprogrammes and were also selected based on our assessment of the greatest opportunities incountry.\r\nFindings from this case study will both inform the FCFA programme and contribute towards\r\naddressing the already-recognised gap between the development of climate science and its effective\r\ncommunication for use in decision-making.', 'Katharine Vincent, Andrew J. Dougill, Jami Dixon, Lindsay C. Stringer, Tracy Cull, David D. Mkwambisi and Diana Chanika (2014), Actual and Potential Weather and Climate Information Needs for Development Planning in Malawi: Results of a Future Climate for Africa Pilot Case Study.', 'Katharine Vincent, Andrew J. Dougill, Jami Dixon, Lindsay C. Stringer, Tracy Cull, David D. Mkwambisi and Diana Chanika, Actual and Potential Weather and Climate Information Needs for Development Planning in Malawi: Results of a Future Climate for Africa Pilot Case Study(2014).', 'Katharine Vincent, Andrew J. Dougill, Jami Dixon, Lindsay C. Stringer, Tracy Cull, David D. Mkwambisi and Diana Chanika (2014), Actual and Potential Weather and Climate Information Needs for Development Planning in Malawi: Results of a Future Climate for Africa Pilot Case Study.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 41, 3),
(329, 'Smallholder agricultural commercialization for income growth and poverty alleviation in southern Africa: A review', 'Shadreck Zhou, Isaac J. Minde and Bruce Mtigwe', '2013', 'Journals', '', '52881', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This review paper explores the concept of smallholder agricultural commercialization highlighting\r\ncases from Southern Africa. With most of southern Africa’s rural poor primarily depending on\r\nagriculture for livelihoods, shifting production from current subsistence towards market orientation\r\n(commercializing) can significantly increase the income and welfare of small farmers (smallholders) as\r\nwell as contribute to economic growth and poverty alleviation. Smallholders face many environmental\r\nand individual constraints to commercialize. However, the changing environment driven by growing\r\npopulation, urbanization, income, global interconnectedness, policy reforms, technology, food industry\r\nrestructuring and climate change presents opportunities for smallholder market participation. Efforts\r\nmade in the region produced varying degrees of success depending on contexts and strategies, but\r\ncollaborative efforts have been the most successful. While some negative effects can emerge, the\r\nexpected income-mediated positive results at household and societal level are greater. The key\r\ncomponents of commercialization are its drivers, determinants, processes, strategies, indicators and\r\neffects - which can be synthesized into a conceptual model useful in planning, implementation and\r\nreview of commercialization programs. Future research needs to comprehensively define and measure\r\ncommercialization and develop models which stimulate multi-stakeholder support for smallholders,\r\njoint investments, attitude change and entrepreneurship to succeed in smallholder commercialization.\r\nKey words: Agricultural commercialization, smallholder, income growth, poverty alleviation, southern Africa.', 'Shadreck Zhou, Isaac J. Minde and Bruce Mtigwe (2013), Smallholder agricultural commercialization for income growth and poverty alleviation in southern Africa: A review.', 'Shadreck Zhou, Isaac J. Minde and Bruce Mtigwe, Smallholder agricultural commercialization for income growth and poverty alleviation in southern Africa: A review(2013).', 'Shadreck Zhou, Isaac J. Minde and Bruce Mtigwe (2013), Smallholder agricultural commercialization for income growth and poverty alleviation in southern Africa: A review.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 20, 3),
(330, 'INFORMING FOOD SECURITY DECISIONS IN AFRICA: ~~J~ ~ .~ 1988 EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS AND POLICY DIALOGUE', 'Michael T. Weber and John M. Staatz,', '1988', 'Public Reports', '', '26167', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Discussions of economic and agricultural development in Africa have focused heavily\r\nin recent years on structural adjustment-i.e., basic policy changes aimed at allowing\r\ninternational and domestic markets to play a greater role in coordinating national\r\neconomic activities. Often these structural adjustments and accompanying polices aimed\r\nat improving economic performance have been based on several implicit assumptions\r\nabout how African food systems operate. Yet for many countries, there has been little\r\nempirical information to test these assumptions. Hence, designing policies too often\r\nbecomes an exercise in planning without facts.\r\nThis paper argues that not only is there a need to base food security and structural\r\nadjustment polices more firmly on empirical information, but that the process by which\r\nthe information is obtained is as important as the information itself. Agricultural\r\neconomists and other social scientists can and increasingly should design policy research\r\nin Africa in ways that simultaneously increase effective demand for empirical\r\ninformation as an input into the ongoing policy process and augment African capacity\r\ncontinually to inform policy deliberations. We illustrate the payoffs to such an approach\r\nby drawing on selected experience in several African countries (Weber).', 'Michael T. Weber and John M. Staatz, (1988), INFORMING FOOD SECURITY DECISIONS IN AFRICA: ~~J~ ~ .~ 1988 EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS AND POLICY DIALOGUE.', 'Michael T. Weber and John M. Staatz,, INFORMING FOOD SECURITY DECISIONS IN AFRICA: ~~J~ ~ .~ 1988 EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS AND POLICY DIALOGUE(1988).', 'Michael T. Weber and John M. Staatz, (1988), INFORMING FOOD SECURITY DECISIONS IN AFRICA: ~~J~ ~ .~ 1988 EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS AND POLICY DIALOGUE.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(331, 'Links Between Nonfarm Income and Farm Investment in African Households: Adding the Capital Market Perspective', 'Thomas Reardon, Eric Crawford, and Valerie Kelly', '1994', 'Journals', '', '28669', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Farm household surveys in the 1970s and 1980s showed that nonfarm activities\r\nprovide an important share of household income, contrasting with the conventional\r\nimage of rural African households as deriving their food entitlement almost\r\nexclusively from the land (e.g., Matlon; Collier and Lal; Low; Reardon et al.;\r\nHaggblade et al.). Much of this literature on nonfarm income has concentrated on (1)\r\nquantifying the share of nonfarm in total income, (2) identifying the factors driving\r\nhouseholds to diversify outside of agriculture, and (3) examining the equity and food\r\nsecurity implications.\r\nThese studies have shown the range of roles played by nonfarm activities in\r\nthe household economy. Nonfarm activities can be an important source of cash\r\nincome which can potentially improve farm productivity if it is used to finance farm\r\ninput purchase or longer-term capital investments. Nonfarm activities can also\r\nprovide income during periods other than harvest time; help reduce the variance of\r\noverall household income in cases of imperfect covariance between farm and nonfarm\r\nincome; and help mitigate risk and improve food security by allowing the household\r\nto buy food in cases of food production shortfall, thus smoothing income\r\ninterannually. If opportunities to earn nonfarm income are weak where agriculture is\r\nweak, income from migration and other activities not dependent on agriculture will be\r\nespecially important to finance farm investments or to compensate for poor harvests.', 'Thomas Reardon, Eric Crawford, and Valerie Kelly (1994), Links Between Nonfarm Income and Farm Investment in African Households: Adding the Capital Market Perspective.', 'Thomas Reardon, Eric Crawford, and Valerie Kelly, Links Between Nonfarm Income and Farm Investment in African Households: Adding the Capital Market Perspective(1994).', 'Thomas Reardon, Eric Crawford, and Valerie Kelly (1994), Links Between Nonfarm Income and Farm Investment in African Households: Adding the Capital Market Perspective.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 29, 3),
(332, 'Impact pathway analysis: an approach to strengthening the impact orientation of agricultural research', 'Andreas Springer-Heinze, Frank Hartwich, J. Simon Henderson, Douglas Horton and Isaac Minde', '2003', 'Journals', '', '58957', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The current practice of impact evaluation in agricultural research organizations in Eastern\r\nand Central Africa often entails isolated quantitative studies that are not linked to research\r\nmanagement. We propose a theory-based, qualitative approach to strengthen the capacity of\r\nresearch organizations to reflect upon the process of agricultural innovation and to manage\r\nprograms so as to obtain greater development impact. Impact pathway analysis provides a\r\nholistic view of the change processes that can be linked to a research program. The design of\r\nan impact pathway is kept open for revision, and is expected to evolve over time as knowledge\r\nis gained about agricultural innovation processes. Impact pathway analysis can accommodate\r\nthe views of different stakeholders and it can incorporate information drawn from a variety of\r\nsources and methods.\r\nKeywords: Impact assessment; Pathway analysis; Agricultural research; East Africa', 'Andreas Springer-Heinze, Frank Hartwich, J. Simon Henderson, Douglas Horton and Isaac Minde (2003), Impact pathway analysis: an approach to strengthening the impact orientation of agricultural research.', 'Andreas Springer-Heinze, Frank Hartwich, J. Simon Henderson, Douglas Horton and Isaac Minde, Impact pathway analysis: an approach to strengthening the impact orientation of agricultural research(2003).', 'Andreas Springer-Heinze, Frank Hartwich, J. Simon Henderson, Douglas Horton and Isaac Minde (2003), Impact pathway analysis: an approach to strengthening the impact orientation of agricultural research.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 33, 3);
INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(333, 'Review of Research and Policies for Climate Change Adaptation in the Agriculture Sector in Southern Africa', 'Paul Mapfumo, Abdulai Jalloh and Sepo Hachigonta', '2014', 'Journals', '', '30947', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'There is a growing and critical need for decision-makers\r\nat different levels in Africa, from local (community) to\r\nnational and sub-regional scales, to develop matching\r\nresponse strategies and policies in order to reduce\r\nvulnerability and foster resilient livelihood systems on\r\na sustainable basis. This document presents the main\r\nfindings of a critical review conducted to examine the\r\ncurrent evidence of research and policies on climate\r\nchange adaptation in the agricultural sector in Southern\r\nAfrica.\r\nThe review was commissioned under the AfricaInteract\r\nproject, funded by the International Development\r\nResearch Centre (IDRC) and coordinated by the West\r\nand Central African Council for Agricultural Research and\r\nDevelopment (CORAF/WECARD). With a specific focus on\r\nMalawi, South Africa and Zimbabwe, the desktop review\r\nwas guided by three main objectives: i) to synthesise\r\nthe major findings from agricultural research on climate\r\nchange adaptation conducted in Southern Africa; ii) to\r\nidentify research and policy gaps on climate change\r\nadaptation with a specific focus on Southern Africa’s\r\nagricultural sector; and iii) to identify key stakeholders\r\nand opportunities for climate change adaptation for the\r\nagricultural sector in Southern Africa. For the purposes of\r\nthe study, agriculture was defined broadly to include not\r\nonly crops and livestock, but also forestry and fisheries\r\nsystems. Information was primarily drawn from available\r\nbut limited refereed journal articles, official government\r\ndocuments and grey literature from reports and websites\r\nof diverse organisations practically addressing or actively\r\nengaged in debate on climate change issues in the\r\nSouthern African region.', 'Paul Mapfumo, Abdulai Jalloh and Sepo Hachigonta (2014), Review of Research and Policies for Climate Change Adaptation in the Agriculture Sector in Southern Africa.', 'Paul Mapfumo, Abdulai Jalloh and Sepo Hachigonta, Review of Research and Policies for Climate Change Adaptation in the Agriculture Sector in Southern Africa(2014).', 'Paul Mapfumo, Abdulai Jalloh and Sepo Hachigonta (2014), Review of Research and Policies for Climate Change Adaptation in the Agriculture Sector in Southern Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 37, 3),
(335, 'Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction in Malawi: Past Performance and Recent Trends', 'Ephraim W. Chirwa, Ian Kumwenda, Charles Jumbe, Pius Chilonda and Isaac Minde', '2008', 'Journals', '', '86586', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper reviews the link between agricultural growth and poverty reduction in Malawi. The\r\ncontribution of the agriculture sector in Malawi has been fairly stable over time, accounting for\r\nmore than one-third of gross domestic product. However, the performance has been mixed in terms\r\nof growth rates, with more growth witnessed in the 1960s and 1970s and erratic growth rates in\r\nsubsequent periods. The analysis also shows no significant link between the growth in the agricultural\r\nsector and indicators of poverty such as malnutrition rates and poverty head count ratio. The\r\ndisappointing performance of the agriculture sector can be attributed to many factors including\r\ndeclining farm productivity, rain-fed nature of cultivation and associated exogenous shocks, thin\r\nagricultural markets, policy reversals and associated uncertainties, and declining public investments\r\nin the agricultural sector. In order to revive the agricultural sector, the study recommends policies\r\ntowards greater commercialization, revitalization of extension services and increased investments\r\nin marketing systems, rural infrastructure and irrigation development.', 'Ephraim W. Chirwa, Ian Kumwenda, Charles Jumbe, Pius Chilonda and Isaac Minde (2008), Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction in Malawi: Past Performance and Recent Trends.', 'Ephraim W. Chirwa, Ian Kumwenda, Charles Jumbe, Pius Chilonda and Isaac Minde, Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction in Malawi: Past Performance and Recent Trends(2008).', 'Ephraim W. Chirwa, Ian Kumwenda, Charles Jumbe, Pius Chilonda and Isaac Minde (2008), Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction in Malawi: Past Performance and Recent Trends.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 32, 3),
(336, 'Agriculture and food security in Lesotho: Government sponsored block farming programme in the Berea, Leribe and Maseru Districts', 'Tšepiso A. Rantšo & Maitumeleng Seboka', '2019', 'Journals', '', '27454', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This research paper attempts to investigate the contribution of block\r\nfarming to assuring food security in households of block farmers. The study used\r\nboth secondary and primary sources of information. The secondary data was collected\r\nfrom government documents, electronic resources as well as books. The\r\nprimary data was obtained from farmers participating in both maize and wheat\r\nblock farming in the selected areas. In addition, qualitative information was collected\r\nfrom government official responsible for block farming project. The results of\r\nthe study are analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The Lesotho government\r\nhas implemented different agricultural programmes to increase production in agriculture\r\nsince colonialism. Although many colonial rural development strategies in\r\nLesotho focused more on preventing and controlling soil erosion, there were some\r\nagricultural development projects implemented in some parts of the country. The\r\nagricultural rural development programmes implemented in Lesotho since colonialism\r\nwere meant to reduce poverty and improve the living standards of people.\r\nAnd block farming is one of such agricultural development projects. Block farming is not a new agricultural rural development project in Lesotho. Block farming project\r\nwas introduced under Senqu River Valley Integrated Rural Development Project in\r\nthe 1970s. The idea was to increase food production among Basotho farmers. This\r\nagricultural initiative was revived in the New Millennium. The government of\r\nLesotho entered into sharecropping with subsistence farmers through block farming\r\nprogramme. The purpose of government was to reduce poverty by increasing\r\nagricultural food production in the country.\r\nSubjects: Development Studies; Regional Development; Rural Development\r\nKeywords: Agriculture; block farming; food security; poverty; rural development', 'Tšepiso A. Rantšo & Maitumeleng Seboka (2019), Agriculture and food security in Lesotho: Government sponsored block farming programme in the Berea, Leribe and Maseru Districts.', 'Tšepiso A. Rantšo & Maitumeleng Seboka, Agriculture and food security in Lesotho: Government sponsored block farming programme in the Berea, Leribe and Maseru Districts(2019).', 'Tšepiso A. Rantšo & Maitumeleng Seboka (2019), Agriculture and food security in Lesotho: Government sponsored block farming programme in the Berea, Leribe and Maseru Districts.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 25, 3),
(337, 'Mapping Vulnerability to Climate Change in Malawi: Spatial and Social Differentiation in the Shire River Basin', 'Jeanne Yekeleya Coulibaly, Cheikh Mbow, Gudeta Weldesemayat Sileshi, Tracy Beedy, Godfrey Kundhlande, John Musau', '2015', 'Journals', '', '54076', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This article analyses vulnerability to climate related shocks across five districts in the shire river\r\nbasin of Malawi. The analysis employs an indicator approach that integrates biophysical and socio-\r\neconomic indices. Principal component statistical analysis was used to calculate an index for\r\nadaptive capacity, sensitivity and exposure to climate impact for each of the five districts. These\r\nindices were aggregated to develop a vulnerability index differentiated also by gender for the\r\nsurveyed districts. The results showed that Chikwawa, Machinga and Blantyre appear to be more\r\nvulnerable to climate related shocks compared with Mwanza and Zomba. Women in Chikwawa are\r\nalso found to be the most susceptible to the climate hazards impacts. To reduce vulnerability to\r\nclimate impact, the study suggests that the national adaptation strategies adopted by the government\r\nshould be mainstreamed into specific local adaptation actions that can be accessible and\r\nadopted by the community. Specific emphasis should be given to the improvement of women’s\r\nwelfare through better access to productive assets and resources.\r\nKeywords\r\nClimate Change, Vulnerability, Principal Component Analysis, Malawi, Shire River Basin', 'Jeanne Yekeleya Coulibaly, Cheikh Mbow, Gudeta Weldesemayat Sileshi, Tracy Beedy, Godfrey Kundhlande, John Musau (2015), Mapping Vulnerability to Climate Change in Malawi: Spatial and Social Differentiation in the Shire River Basin.', 'Jeanne Yekeleya Coulibaly, Cheikh Mbow, Gudeta Weldesemayat Sileshi, Tracy Beedy, Godfrey Kundhlande, John Musau, Mapping Vulnerability to Climate Change in Malawi: Spatial and Social Differentiation in the Shire River Basin(2015).', 'Jeanne Yekeleya Coulibaly, Cheikh Mbow, Gudeta Weldesemayat Sileshi, Tracy Beedy, Godfrey Kundhlande, John Musau (2015), Mapping Vulnerability to Climate Change in Malawi: Spatial and Social Differentiation in the Shire River Basin.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 5, 13, 3),
(338, 'Audience Segmentation as a Social-Marketing Tool in Health Promotion: Use of the Risk Perception Attitude Framework in HIV Prevention in Malawi', 'Rajiv N. Rimal, Jane Brown, Glory Mkandawire,  Lisa Folda, Kirsten Bo¨se, and Alisha H. Creel, ', '2009', 'Journals', '', '74208', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Objectives. We sought to determine whether individuals’ risk perceptions and\r\nefficacy beliefs could be used to meaningfully segment audiences to assist\r\ninterventions that seek to change HIV-related behaviors.\r\nMethods. A household-level survey of individuals (N=968) was conducted in 4\r\ndistricts in Malawi. On the basis of responses about perceptions of risk and\r\nbeliefs about personal efficacy, we used cluster analysis to create 4 groups\r\nwithin the risk perception attitude framework: responsive (high risk, strong\r\nefficacy), avoidance (high risk, weak efficacy), proactive (low risk, strong\r\nefficacy), and indifference (low risk, weak efficacy). We ran analysis of covariance\r\nmodels (controlling for known predictors) to determine how membership in the\r\nrisk perception attitude framework groups would affect knowledge about HIV,\r\nHIV-testing uptake, and condom use.\r\nResults. A significant association was found between membership in 1 or\r\nmore of the 4 risk perception attitude framework groups and the 3 study\r\nvariables of interest: knowledge about HIV (F8, 956=20.77; P<.001), HIV testing\r\nuptake (F8, 952=10.91; P<.001), and condom use (F8, 885=29.59; P<.001).\r\nConclusions. The risk perception attitude framework can serve as a theoretically\r\nsound audience segmentation technique that can be used to determine\r\nwhether messages should augment perceptions of risk, beliefs about personal\r\nefficacy, or both. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:2224–2229. doi:10.2105/AJPH.\r\n2008.155234)', 'Rajiv N. Rimal, Jane Brown, Glory Mkandawire,  Lisa Folda, Kirsten Bo¨se, and Alisha H. Creel,  (2009), Audience Segmentation as a Social-Marketing Tool in Health Promotion: Use of the Risk Perception Attitude Framework in HIV Prevention in Malawi.', 'Rajiv N. Rimal, Jane Brown, Glory Mkandawire,  Lisa Folda, Kirsten Bo¨se, and Alisha H. Creel, , Audience Segmentation as a Social-Marketing Tool in Health Promotion: Use of the Risk Perception Attitude Framework in HIV Prevention in Malawi(2009).', 'Rajiv N. Rimal, Jane Brown, Glory Mkandawire,  Lisa Folda, Kirsten Bo¨se, and Alisha H. Creel,  (2009), Audience Segmentation as a Social-Marketing Tool in Health Promotion: Use of the Risk Perception Attitude Framework in HIV Prevention in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 34, 3),
(339, 'An Investigation into the Effective and Ethical Interviewing of Suspected Sex Offenders', 'Emily Hurren', '2006', 'Corporate Reports', '', '83887', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Sex offences are both frequent and traumatic (Crime and Misconduct Commission, 2003). For example, a study by the National Institute of Justice in the United States found that for a sample of 8000 women and 8000 men, 17.6% women and 3% men had experienced rape sometime during their lifetime, and that of these rape victims, 21.6% of females and 48% of males had been raped before the age of 12 years (Tjaden &Thoennes, 2006). Additionally, these authors found that amongst the adult rape victims, 32% of women and 16% of men were injured during the rape, and a total of 33% of women and 25% of men required counseling from a mental health professional following the rape (Tjaden &Thoennes, 2006). In another National Institute of Justice Study, Ashcroft, Daniels, and Hart (2003) found that in a sample of 4,023 male and female children aged between 12 and 17 years, 8.1% had been sexually assaulted. Ashcroft et al. (2003) also determined that sexual assault increased the prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) amongst these children by a factor of four to five fold compared with those who were not sexually assaulted.', 'Emily Hurren (2006), An Investigation into the Effective and Ethical Interviewing of Suspected Sex Offenders.', 'Emily Hurren, An Investigation into the Effective and Ethical Interviewing of Suspected Sex Offenders(2006).', 'Emily Hurren (2006), An Investigation into the Effective and Ethical Interviewing of Suspected Sex Offenders.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 37, 3),
(340, 'Application of the Nutrition Functional Diversity indicator to assess food system contributions to dietary diversity and sustainable diets of Malawian households', 'Brian G Luckett, Fabrice AJ DeClerck, Jessica Fanzo, Adrienne R Mundorf and Donald Rose', '2015', 'Journals', '', '50889', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Objective: Dietary diversity is associated with nutrient adequacy and positive\r\nhealth outcomes but indicators to measure diversity have focused primarily on\r\nconsumption, rather than sustainable provisioning of food. The Nutritional\r\nFunctional Diversity score was developed by ecologists to describe the\r\ncontribution of biodiversity to sustainable diets. We have employed this tool to\r\nestimate the relative contribution of home production and market purchases in\r\nproviding nutritional diversity to agricultural households in Malawi and examine\r\nhow food system provisioning varies by time, space and socio-economic\r\nconditions.\r\nDesign: A secondary analysis of nationally representative household consumption\r\ndata to test the applicability of the Nutritional Functional Diversity score.\r\nSetting: The data were collected between 2010 and 2011 across the country of\r\nMalawi.\r\nSubjects: Households (n 11 814) from predominantly rural areas of Malawi.\r\nResults: Nutritional Functional Diversity varied demographically, geographically\r\nand temporally. Nationally, purchased foods contributed more to household\r\nnutritional diversity than home produced foods (mean score =17·5 and 7·8,\r\nrespectively). Households further from roads and population centres had lower\r\noverall diversity (P <0·01) and accessed relatively more of their diversity from\r\nhome production than households closer to market centres (P<0·01). Nutritional\r\ndiversity was lowest during the growing season when farmers plant and tend\r\ncrops (P <0·01).\r\nConclusions: The present analysis demonstrates that the Nutritional Functional\r\nDiversity score is an effective indicator for identifying populations with low\r\nnutritional diversity and the relative roles that markets, agricultural extension and\r\nhome production play in achieving nutritional diversity. This information may be\r\nused by policy makers to plan agricultural and market-based interventions that\r\nsupport sustainable diets and local food systems.', 'Brian G Luckett, Fabrice AJ DeClerck, Jessica Fanzo, Adrienne R Mundorf and Donald Rose (2015), Application of the Nutrition Functional Diversity indicator to assess food system contributions to dietary diversity and sustainable diets of Malawian households.', 'Brian G Luckett, Fabrice AJ DeClerck, Jessica Fanzo, Adrienne R Mundorf and Donald Rose, Application of the Nutrition Functional Diversity indicator to assess food system contributions to dietary diversity and sustainable diets of Malawian households(2015).', 'Brian G Luckett, Fabrice AJ DeClerck, Jessica Fanzo, Adrienne R Mundorf and Donald Rose (2015), Application of the Nutrition Functional Diversity indicator to assess food system contributions to dietary diversity and sustainable diets of Malawian households.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 34, 3),
(341, 'Preliminary study on the spread of aquaculture technologies between farmers in Southern Malawi', 'Jodie Desiree Baker', '2003', 'Journals', '', '39833', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Over the past few years of Malawi has experienced\r\na shortage of food due to various reasons including\r\ndrought, excessive rains, and poor macro-economic\r\npolicy procedures. Integrated agriculture and aquaculture\r\n(IAA) is said to improve farm resilience to\r\ndrought and farm diversification resulting in increased\r\nwhole-farm productivity, household income,\r\nhousehold food security and nutritional status of under-\r\nfive children (Jamu et aL, 2002). Hence, the Malawi\r\nDepartment of Fisheries in collaboration with\r\nthe Japanese International Cooperation Agency\r\n(JICA), and the World Fish Center, is encouraging\r\nfarmers adopt fish farming through IAA participatory\r\nresearch and extension program.\r\nWhile the benefits of IAA are manifold, Tshiunza et\r\na!. (2002) notes that \"one way of determining the\r\nsuccess of an innovation is to assess the level and rate\r\nof its adoption as well as the rate at which such an\r\ninnovation spreads among the target population!\r\narea\". It should be noted however, that in the early\r\nstages of the spread of an innovation, extension workers\r\nplay a crucial role. On the other hand, extension\r\nservices may be more expensive than transmission of\r\na technology through farmer-to-farmer model.', 'Jodie Desiree Baker (2003), Preliminary study on the spread of aquaculture technologies between farmers in Southern Malawi.', 'Jodie Desiree Baker, Preliminary study on the spread of aquaculture technologies between farmers in Southern Malawi(2003).', 'Jodie Desiree Baker (2003), Preliminary study on the spread of aquaculture technologies between farmers in Southern Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 17, 46, 3),
(342, 'Evaluating the effects of fertilizer subsidy programmes on vulnerable farmers in Kenya', 'ROBERT Odhiambo Ochola  and NIE Fengying', '2015', 'Journals', '', '58109', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The National Accelerated Agricultural Inputs Access Programme (NAAIAP) established in 2006 was\r\nenvisioned as a safety net programme that would address the problem of food insecurity and poverty\r\namong poor farmers. This study using cross-sectional data obtained from 200 farmers employs\r\nMultinomial Logistic analysis and data from the 2009/2010 agricultural season to estimate the subsidy\r\neffects of the NAAIAP program on poor and vulnerable farmers of Tana River Sub-County. To control for\r\nerrors of inclusion and exclusion the study focused on those farmers who had actually received\r\nvouchers. Observations point to predominantly aging male farmers with primary level of education and\r\nwhose main source of income is farming earning them an average of $1 a day. These farmers owning on\r\naverage seven acres, lack titles to their pieces of land of which only half was utilized for production,\r\nhad not accessed financial services despite such services being within reach; a factor that could be\r\nattributed to their lack of collateral and low levels of realized annual incomes from sales through\r\nroadside markets and general information asymmetries. Model results show that returns on\r\ninvestments to various income categories from use of fertilizer is sensitive to residual effects of\r\nprevious fertilizer application, timing or use of fertilizer during the right season, and communal financial\r\nsupport structures such as group saving. These findings therefore avail deeper insight to policy makers\r\nand provide valuable information which has implications on policy, design, targeting and programme\r\nimplementation.\r\nKey words: Subsidy, fertilizer, National Accelerated Agricultural Inputs Access Programme (NAAIAP),\r\nsmallholder, Kenya.', 'ROBERT Odhiambo Ochola  and NIE Fengying (2015), Evaluating the effects of fertilizer subsidy programmes on vulnerable farmers in Kenya.', 'ROBERT Odhiambo Ochola  and NIE Fengying, Evaluating the effects of fertilizer subsidy programmes on vulnerable farmers in Kenya(2015).', 'ROBERT Odhiambo Ochola  and NIE Fengying (2015), Evaluating the effects of fertilizer subsidy programmes on vulnerable farmers in Kenya.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 28, 3),
(343, 'Climate variability, adaptation strategies and food security in Malawi', 'Solomon Asfaw, Nancy McCarthy, Leslie Lipper, Aslihan Arslan, Andrea Cattaneo and Mutie Kachulu', '2014', 'Journals', '', '90495', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper assesses farmers’ incentives and conditioning factors that hinder or promote adaptation strategies and evaluates its impact on crop productivity by utilizing household level data collected in 2011 from nationally representative sample households in Malawi. We distinguish between (i) exposure to climatic disruptions, (ii) bio-physical sensitivity to such disruptions, (iii) household adaptive capacity in terms of farmers’ ability to prepare and adjust to the resulting stress, and, finally, (iv) system-level adaptive capacity that serve as enabling factors for household-level adaptation. We employ a multivariate probit (MVP) and instrumental variable technique to model farming practice selection decisions and their yield impact estimates. We find that exposure to delayed onset of rainfall and greater climate variability as represented by the coefficient of variation of rainfall and temperature is positively associated with the choice of risk-reducing agricultural practices such as tree planting, legume intercropping, and soil and water conservation (SWC); however, it reduces the use of inputs (such as inorganic fertilizer) whose risk reduction benefits are uncertain. Biophysical sensitivity of plots increases the likelihood of choice of tree planting and SWC. In terms of household adaptive capacity, we find that wealthier households are more likely to adopt both modern and sustainable land management (SLM) inputs; and are more likely to adopt SLM inputs on plots under more secure tenure. In terms of system-level adaptive capacity, results show the key role of rural institutions, social capital and supply-side constraints in governing selection decisions for all practices considered, but particularly for tree planting and both organic and inorganic fertilizer. Finally for productivity, we find that on average use of both modern and SLM practices have positive and statistically significant impact on productivity of maize. For SLM practices that also respond to exposure and sensitivity, these results provide direct evidence of their potential to aide households in adapting to further climate change. Results presented have implications for understanding and overcoming barriers to selection for each practice, distinguishing structural aspects such as exposure and sensitivity from potential interventions at the household or systemic levels linked to adaptive capacity.\r\nJEL codes: Q01, Q12, Q16, Q18\r\nKey words: Climate change, adaptation, impact, Malawi', 'Solomon Asfaw, Nancy McCarthy, Leslie Lipper, Aslihan Arslan, Andrea Cattaneo and Mutie Kachulu (2014), Climate variability, adaptation strategies and food security in Malawi.', 'Solomon Asfaw, Nancy McCarthy, Leslie Lipper, Aslihan Arslan, Andrea Cattaneo and Mutie Kachulu, Climate variability, adaptation strategies and food security in Malawi(2014).', 'Solomon Asfaw, Nancy McCarthy, Leslie Lipper, Aslihan Arslan, Andrea Cattaneo and Mutie Kachulu (2014), Climate variability, adaptation strategies and food security in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 29, 3),
(344, 'CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN A MALAWIAN VILLAGE: 2003/04 TO 2008/09', 'Tsutomu TAKANE', '2011', 'Journals', '', '22340', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Using comparable household data collected in a Malawian village in 2003/04\r\nand 2008/09, this paper assesses the effects of the Agricultural Input Subsidy Program on\r\nhousehold food security and examines change and continuity in household livelihood situations.\r\nThe subsidy program contributed to the increased use of fertilizer and improved maize\r\nyields and food security in both rich and poor households. These improvements, however, did\r\nnot lead to changes in income portfolios or asset bases among the poor, and the disparities\r\nbetween rich and poor households also remained unchanged.\r\nKey Words: Malawi; Food security; Livelihood; Subsidy; Maize.', 'Tsutomu TAKANE (2011), CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN A MALAWIAN VILLAGE: 2003/04 TO 2008/09.', 'Tsutomu TAKANE, CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN A MALAWIAN VILLAGE: 2003/04 TO 2008/09(2011).', 'Tsutomu TAKANE (2011), CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN A MALAWIAN VILLAGE: 2003/04 TO 2008/09.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 28, 3),
(345, 'CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY: A FRAMEWORK DOCUMENT', 'FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROME', '2008', 'Corporate Reports', '', '69747', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Until recently, most assessments of the impact of climate change on the food and agriculture\r\nsector have focused on the implications for production and global supply of food, with less\r\nconsideration of other components of the food chain. This paper takes a broader view and\r\nexplores the multiple effects that global warming and climate change could have on food\r\nsystems and food security. It also suggests strategies for mitigating and adapting to climate\r\nchange in several key policy domains of importance for food security.', 'FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROME (2008), CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY: A FRAMEWORK DOCUMENT.', 'FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROME, CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY: A FRAMEWORK DOCUMENT(2008).', 'FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROME (2008), CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY: A FRAMEWORK DOCUMENT.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 40, 3),
(346, 'Banking Instability and Deposit Insurance: The Role of Moral Hazard', 'Harold Ngalawa, Fulbert Tchana Tchana and Nicola Viegi', '2016', 'Journals', '', '30355', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of moral hazard on the\r\neffectiveness of deposit insurance in achieving banking stability. If moral hazard explains\r\nbanking instability arising from the adoption of deposit insurance, then deposit insurance\r\nwill be associated with bank insolvency more than with bank runs. To test the hypothesis, we\r\ndevelop a new empirical framework distinguishing between banking instability initiated by\r\npanic withdrawals of deposits, and banking instability initiated by the insolvency problem\r\nof banks. Using a dataset covering 118 countries over the period 1980-2004, we find that\r\ndeposit insurance per se has no significant effect either on bank insolvency or on bank\r\nruns. However, interacting deposit insurance with credit to the private sector, we observe\r\na positive and significant effect on bank insolvency and bank runs, suggesting that moral\r\nhazard outweighs the positive effect of deposit insurance on banking stability.\r\nJEL classification codes: G21, G28, E44\r\nKey words: banking crises, deposit insurance, moral hazard', 'Harold Ngalawa, Fulbert Tchana Tchana and Nicola Viegi (2016), Banking Instability and Deposit Insurance: The Role of Moral Hazard.', 'Harold Ngalawa, Fulbert Tchana Tchana and Nicola Viegi, Banking Instability and Deposit Insurance: The Role of Moral Hazard(2016).', 'Harold Ngalawa, Fulbert Tchana Tchana and Nicola Viegi (2016), Banking Instability and Deposit Insurance: The Role of Moral Hazard.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 33, 3),
(347, 'RURAL CO-OPERATIVE RESILIENCE: THE CASE OF MALAWI', 'Alexander BORDA-RODRIGUEZ and Sara VICARI', '2013', 'Corporate Reports', '', '17600', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Underexplored and barely known, the Malawian co-operative movement has experienced serious\r\nchallenges since its inception in 1946. Rural co-operatives in the country have endured crises and\r\nyet they are thriving in adverse circumstances. In this article we asked to what extent and in what\r\nways rural Malawian co-operatives are resilient social and economic organisations? In the absence\r\nof a consolidated body of literature on ‘co-operative resilience’ we address this question by 1)\r\nreviewing the existing literature on co-operatives and identifying key factors that appear to be\r\nconducive to resilience and 2) by analysing extensive field data on four of the biggest co-operatives\r\nUnions in Malawi and establishing how they have coped with challenges. The field-based data and\r\nour literature findings shed new insights into the nature of resilience. Co-operative resilience is a\r\nlong term processes, one based on reflexivity and interactions between members, leaders and\r\nnational and international organisations. Resilient strategies developed by rural Malawian cooperatives\r\nare also outlined and explored.\r\nKey words: Co-operatives, resilience, reflexivity, Malawi, co-operative unions, adaptive capacities', 'Alexander BORDA-RODRIGUEZ and Sara VICARI (2013), RURAL CO-OPERATIVE RESILIENCE: THE CASE OF MALAWI.', 'Alexander BORDA-RODRIGUEZ and Sara VICARI, RURAL CO-OPERATIVE RESILIENCE: THE CASE OF MALAWI(2013).', 'Alexander BORDA-RODRIGUEZ and Sara VICARI (2013), RURAL CO-OPERATIVE RESILIENCE: THE CASE OF MALAWI.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 18, 53, 3),
(348, 'The Invisibilisation of Female Farmers from Agricultural Policies and Interventions: The case of the Malawi Farm Inputs Subsidy Programme (FISP)', 'Betty Asante Pamela Chinyamunyamu', '2014', 'Dissertations', '', '77529', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Female farmers in Malawi and many other African countries remain subordinate to and more food insecure than their male counterparts. It is paradoxical that this status quo has persisted in spite of two significant factors: their high and increasing involvement in food and agricultural production, and policy commitments at both national and international levels to address gender inequalities in the agricultural sector. Using the case study of the Malawi Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP), this research critically engages with these issues to explain why agricultural policies have not been successful in addressing gender inequalities in the sector. It argues that in spite of feminisation of agriculture, development policies in Malawi still largely consider men as ‘the farmers’ and therefore neglect female farmers and the complexity of gender relations. Consequently, the government’s response to food insecurity is compromised by a cyclical process embedded in the policy making cycle that facilitates, re-enforces and perpetuates the subordination of female farmers – the Female Subordination Cycle.\r\nThis research is situated at the intersection of food security, agricultural policy and gender and development literature – fields that are inter-connected but inadequately speak to each other. It therefore brings to the fore connections across these fields that are critical for understanding and consequently addressing the dual and inter-connected challenges of female subordination and food insecurity. Through a detailed examination of how the food security status of FHHs (both de jure and de facto) has been affected by the FISP, it contributes to a de-invisibilisation of female farmers from agricultural policies and interventions.\r\nThe research takes a pragmatic approach and employs mixed research methods. It is grounded in extensive fieldwork involving a large number of participants (over 540). A gender-aware approach to selection of participants is undertaken in that although female farmers are the main and primary research participants, male farmers are also consulted through focus group discussions.', 'Betty Asante Pamela Chinyamunyamu (2014), The Invisibilisation of Female Farmers from Agricultural Policies and Interventions: The case of the Malawi Farm Inputs Subsidy Programme (FISP).', 'Betty Asante Pamela Chinyamunyamu, The Invisibilisation of Female Farmers from Agricultural Policies and Interventions: The case of the Malawi Farm Inputs Subsidy Programme (FISP)(2014).', 'Betty Asante Pamela Chinyamunyamu (2014), The Invisibilisation of Female Farmers from Agricultural Policies and Interventions: The case of the Malawi Farm Inputs Subsidy Programme (FISP).', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 40, 3),
(349, 'Barriers to aquaculture development as a pathway to poverty alleviation and food security', 'Malcolm Beveridge, Michael Phillips, Patrick Dugan and Randy Brummet', '2010', 'Journals', '', '60599', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The importance of aquaculture production in developing countries is reviewed\r\nbriefly. Two sets of barriers to realizing the potential of aquaculture to alleviate\r\npoverty and improve food security and nutrition are identified: those directly\r\nattributable to aquaculture development policies and those arising from a lack of\r\npolicy coherence for development (PCD). The latter applies to a wide range of\r\nsectors, the most important from an aquaculture perspective being energy,\r\nenvironment, agriculture and food production, and trade and sanitary standards.\r\nLack of PCD is apparent at many levels: within development cooperation policies,\r\nbetween aid and non-aid policies within a single donor and between donors, and\r\ndonor-partner coherence to achieve shared development objectives.\r\nWe conclude that development agencies can play a greater role in fostering the\r\nemergence of aquaculture as a means of alleviating poverty and improving food\r\nsecurity and nutrition. This requires broadening the focus beyond poor producers to\r\ninclude small and medium aquaculture enterprises, adopting a value chain\r\nperspective on aquaculture development that fosters a “whole industry” approach\r\nthat delivers key human development goals, and pursuing greater internal coherence\r\nwithin and between development policies. We also propose that development agencies\r\npromote mechanisms and interventions that redress policy imbalances by raising\r\nawareness among policy makers and through more integrated approaches to\r\ndevelopment assistance.', 'Malcolm Beveridge, Michael Phillips, Patrick Dugan and Randy Brummet (2010), Barriers to aquaculture development as a pathway to poverty alleviation and food security.', 'Malcolm Beveridge, Michael Phillips, Patrick Dugan and Randy Brummet, Barriers to aquaculture development as a pathway to poverty alleviation and food security(2010).', 'Malcolm Beveridge, Michael Phillips, Patrick Dugan and Randy Brummet (2010), Barriers to aquaculture development as a pathway to poverty alleviation and food security.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 25, 3),
(350, 'How can agricultural interventions enhance contribution to food security and SDG 2.1?', 'Livia Bizikova, Stefan Jungcurt, Kieran McDougal and Stephen Tyler ', '2020', 'Journals', '', '79162', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and specifically SDG 2, commit the international community to\r\nachieve zero hunger by 2030 through a renewed focus on agricultural development for food security and\r\nnutrition. This paper presents a systematic review of published evidence of contributions by agricultural sector\r\ninterventions to food security, including indicators and success factors.\r\nOur literature screening yielded a sample of 66 publications with 73 single or multiple intervention evaluations.\r\nOf these, 38 (52%) used a direct food security indicator to measure food security impacts, and the rest used\r\na proxy indicator. Of the 73 evaluations, 49 (67%) resulted in positive impacts on food security, 17 (23%)\r\nproduced no measurable impacts and 7 (10%) led to negative impacts. Interventions studied included input\r\nsubsidies, extension services and value chain enhancements, delivered either alone or together, and sometimes\r\nwith specific complementary pro-poor features. Studies showed positive, neutral or even negative food security\r\noutcomes across all intervention types, suggesting that program design features may be more important than the\r\ntype of intervention in determining impact on food security. Positive food security outcomes were shown to be\r\nlinked to multiple complementary interventions, targeted pro-poor support features, responsiveness to local food\r\nsecurity issues, community engagement and collaboration with local and regional institutions. We suggest\r\nmethods for improving monitoring, evaluation and learning related to the food security impacts of agriculture\r\nsector interventions in order to contribute to SDG 2.1.', 'Livia Bizikova, Stefan Jungcurt, Kieran McDougal and Stephen Tyler  (2020), How can agricultural interventions enhance contribution to food security and SDG 2.1?.', 'Livia Bizikova, Stefan Jungcurt, Kieran McDougal and Stephen Tyler , How can agricultural interventions enhance contribution to food security and SDG 2.1?(2020).', 'Livia Bizikova, Stefan Jungcurt, Kieran McDougal and Stephen Tyler  (2020), How can agricultural interventions enhance contribution to food security and SDG 2.1?.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 33, 3),
(351, 'Shaping Agricultural Innovation Systems Responsive to Food Insecurity and Climate Change', 'Sally Brooks and Michael Loevinsohn', '2011', 'Corporate Reports', '', '88714', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Climate change and variability present new challenges for agriculture; particularly for\r\nsmallholder farmers who continue to be the mainstay of food production in developing\r\ncountries. Its effects, while widespread, will be locally specific and socially differentiated,\r\nexacerbating existing vulnerabilities and uncertainties. In such situations, the innovations\r\nand adaptive strategies of communities living in conditions of rapid change can provide\r\nvaluable lessons for those seeking to shape agricultural innovation systems responsive\r\nto food insecurity and climate change.\r\nThis paper draws lessons from selected country experiences of adaptation and\r\ninnovation in pursuit of food security goals. It presents three case studies of systems of\r\ninnovation operating in contrasting socio-economic, geographical and agro-ecological\r\ncontexts and facing different challenges. In Southeast Asian post-Green Revolution rice\r\ncultivation we trace innovations responding to unintended consequences of rapid\r\ntechnological change. In India we focus on attempts to recover degraded semi-arid lands\r\nand the degraded livelihoods, lands and lives bypassed by the Green Revolution in a\r\nrapidly developing now middle income economy and a functioning democracy; in\r\nSouthern Africa we explore responses to similar social and environmental challenges to\r\nthose in the Indian context, but in low income economies with less developed institutions\r\nand democratic practice. We review each case in terms of four features of innovation\r\nsystems more likely to build, sustain and/or enhance food security in situations of rapid\r\nchange and uncertainty: a) recognition of the multi-functional nature of agriculture and\r\nthe opportunity to realize multiple benefits; (b) access to diversity as the basis for\r\nflexibility and resilience; (c) concern for enhancing the capacity of decision makers at all\r\nlevels; and (d) perseverance and continuity of effort aimed at securing well-being for\r\nthose who depend on agriculture and its outputs. Finally we draw implications of this\r\nanalysis for policy makers and other stakeholders in agricultural innovation systems.', 'Sally Brooks and Michael Loevinsohn (2011), Shaping Agricultural Innovation Systems Responsive to Food Insecurity and Climate Change.', 'Sally Brooks and Michael Loevinsohn, Shaping Agricultural Innovation Systems Responsive to Food Insecurity and Climate Change(2011).', 'Sally Brooks and Michael Loevinsohn (2011), Shaping Agricultural Innovation Systems Responsive to Food Insecurity and Climate Change.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 19, 59, 3),
(352, 'Climate forecasts in disaster management: Red Cross flood operations in West Africa, 2008', 'Lisette Martine Braman, Maarten Krispijn van Aalst, Simon J. Mason, Pablo Suarez, Youcef Ait-Chellouche and Arame Tall', '2013', 'Journals', '', '53377', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'In 2008, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) used a\r\nseasonal forecast for West Africa for the first time to implement an Early Warning, Early Action\r\nstrategy for enhanced flood preparedness and response. Interviews with disaster managers suggest\r\nthat this approach improved their capacity and response. Relief supplies reached flood victims\r\nwithin days, as opposed to weeks in previous years, thereby preventing further loss of life, illness,\r\nand setbacks to livelihoods, as well as augmenting the efficiency of resource use. This case\r\ndemonstrates the potential benefits to be realised from the use of medium-to-long-range forecasts\r\nin disaster management, especially in the context of potential increases in extreme weather\r\nand climate-related events due to climate variability and change. However, harnessing the full\r\npotential of these forecasts will require continued effort and collaboration among disaster managers,\r\nclimate service providers, and major humanitarian donors.\r\nKeywords: climate, disaster, early warning, flood, preparedness, seasonal forecast', 'Lisette Martine Braman, Maarten Krispijn van Aalst, Simon J. Mason, Pablo Suarez, Youcef Ait-Chellouche and Arame Tall (2013), Climate forecasts in disaster management: Red Cross flood operations in West Africa, 2008.', 'Lisette Martine Braman, Maarten Krispijn van Aalst, Simon J. Mason, Pablo Suarez, Youcef Ait-Chellouche and Arame Tall, Climate forecasts in disaster management: Red Cross flood operations in West Africa, 2008(2013).', 'Lisette Martine Braman, Maarten Krispijn van Aalst, Simon J. Mason, Pablo Suarez, Youcef Ait-Chellouche and Arame Tall (2013), Climate forecasts in disaster management: Red Cross flood operations in West Africa, 2008.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 41, 3),
(353, 'Can African Feet Divorce Western Shoes? The Case of ‘Ubuntu’ and Democratic Good Governance in Malawi', 'RICHARD TAMBULASI AND HAPPY KAYUNI', '2005', 'Journals', '', '22217', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The paper points out that the concept of ‘ubuntu’, despite variations in interpretations is manifested in modern African societies. Being an African concept in orientation, some African public officers perceive it to be all encompassing and its pursuance is viewed as an empowerment to pay less attention to the ‘Western’ derived principles of democracy and good governance. Taking Malawi as a case study, the paper argues that when public officers undermine the values and principles of ‘ubuntu’ (as was the case with the government led by the Malawi Congress Party) the government becomes tyrannical and oppressive. On the other hand, pursuing ‘ubuntu’ divorced of the principles of democracy and good governance (as is the case with the current government led by the United Democratic Front), the government is prone to serious unfavourable consequences. The paper suggests that both, ‘ubuntu’ and principles of democratic good governance are compatible and complementary.\r\nKeywords: ubuntu, Malawi, good governance, handouts', 'RICHARD TAMBULASI AND HAPPY KAYUNI (2005), Can African Feet Divorce Western Shoes? The Case of ‘Ubuntu’ and Democratic Good Governance in Malawi.', 'RICHARD TAMBULASI AND HAPPY KAYUNI, Can African Feet Divorce Western Shoes? The Case of ‘Ubuntu’ and Democratic Good Governance in Malawi(2005).', 'RICHARD TAMBULASI AND HAPPY KAYUNI (2005), Can African Feet Divorce Western Shoes? The Case of ‘Ubuntu’ and Democratic Good Governance in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 22, 3),
(354, 'Understanding vulnerability in southern Africa: comparative findings using a multiple-stressor approach in South Africa and Malawi', 'Marisa Casale  Scott Drimie  Timothy Quinlan  Gina Ziervogel', '2009', 'Journals', '', '86612', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Within southern Africa, many households are\r\nfacing increasing pressures as they deal with multiple challenges\r\nsuch as low employment, high levels of disease,\r\nenvironmental resources under pressure and changing political\r\nlandscapes. To respond to the needs of different individuals\r\nand households, it is important to define the nature of\r\ntheir vulnerability. An increasing amount of theoretical and\r\nempirical work on the concept of ‘vulnerability’ has led to a\r\nrange of definitions, indicators and measurement tools, which\r\nhave come to characterise this field of study. As a result, there\r\nis no one general consensus. This paper presents the results\r\nfrom the latest in a series of applied studies conducted since\r\n2004 by a network of scientists working in southern Africa,\r\naimed at refining the definition and application of the concept\r\nof vulnerability. The study employed a recently developed\r\nmultiple-stressor model to guide the collection and analysis\r\nof data from three sites in South Africa and Malawi. In this\r\npaper, we identify and explore five key ‘symptoms’ of vulnerability\r\nemerging from our multi-country data and reflect\r\non the usefulness of the model employed.', 'Marisa Casale  Scott Drimie  Timothy Quinlan  Gina Ziervogel (2009), Understanding vulnerability in southern Africa: comparative findings using a multiple-stressor approach in South Africa and Malawi.', 'Marisa Casale  Scott Drimie  Timothy Quinlan  Gina Ziervogel, Understanding vulnerability in southern Africa: comparative findings using a multiple-stressor approach in South Africa and Malawi(2009).', 'Marisa Casale  Scott Drimie  Timothy Quinlan  Gina Ziervogel (2009), Understanding vulnerability in southern Africa: comparative findings using a multiple-stressor approach in South Africa and Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 20, 3),
(355, 'A CLOSER LOOK AT HUNGER AND UNDERNUTRITION IN MALAWI', 'Jill Bernstein and Doris Wiesmann', '2019', 'Public Reports', '', '35184', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Despite facing many challenges, Malawi has made notable progress since 2000 in reducing its overall hunger and undernutrition levels as measured by the Global Hunger Index. This report gives a brief overview of Malawi’s economic situation, describes its hunger and undernutrition status, reviews the types of programs that have been shown to affect food and nutrition security, and highlights existing policies and policy recommendations aimed at achieving further progress.\r\nMalawi is a small, land-locked country with an area of just under 120,000 square kilometers, or 46,000 square miles. Of this area, approximately 20 percent is covered by water, including the massive Lake Malawi, which lies along the country’s eastern border (World Atlas 2017). Malawi is divided into three regions: the least-populated Northern region; the Central region, home to the capital, Lilongwe; and the Southern region. The country is peaceful, and its government is relatively democratic and stable (World Bank 2018).\r\nThe most recent official poverty statistics for Malawi show that as of 2010, 71.4 of the population lived in poverty, only marginally lower than in 2004 when the poverty rate was 72.8 percent (World Bank 2019).1 World Bank projections suggest that this rate inched down slightly to 69.2 percent by 2017 (World Bank 2017). Malawi’s GDP per capita as of 2017 was just $338 in current US dollars. This is the second-lowest GDP per capita of all countries with available data; only Burundi is lower. Since 2010, GDP per capita has grown at an average annual rate of just 1.2 percent (World Bank 2019).', 'Jill Bernstein and Doris Wiesmann (2019), A CLOSER LOOK AT HUNGER AND UNDERNUTRITION IN MALAWI.', 'Jill Bernstein and Doris Wiesmann, A CLOSER LOOK AT HUNGER AND UNDERNUTRITION IN MALAWI(2019).', 'Jill Bernstein and Doris Wiesmann (2019), A CLOSER LOOK AT HUNGER AND UNDERNUTRITION IN MALAWI.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3);
INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(356, 'Value Chain Analysis of Traditional Vegetables from Malawi and Mozambique', 'Takemore Chagomoka, Victor Afari-Sefa and Raul Pitoroc', '2014', 'Journals', '', '71554', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Several studies have shown that traditional vegetables have high market potential and contribute substantially to household incomes and nutrition. Until recently however, the scientific and donor community often give less attention to research on traditional vegetable crop value chains. The resurgence of traditional vegetables’ importance in human nutrition is accompanied by a need to understand the interactions among various actors in their value chain to determine ways to add value to produce and improve marketing efficiency. Based on a multistage cross-sectional survey of 240 respondents in Malawi and Mozambique, this study employed participatory evaluation and market research to identify potential outlets and target crops, and define value chain processes, including choice of market outlets and mode of farmer-buyer linkages. Traditional vegetable sales contributed about 35% and 30% of smallholders’ income in Malawi and Mozambique respectively. Linkages between value chain actors were found to be weak; mostly based on spot market transactions, except for those between retailers and supermarkets, which were based on relationship marketing.\r\nKeywords: African traditional vegetables, commodity value chains, human nutrition, marketing efficiency, SWOT analysis, value chain mapping.', 'Takemore Chagomoka, Victor Afari-Sefa and Raul Pitoroc (2014), Value Chain Analysis of Traditional Vegetables from Malawi and Mozambique.', 'Takemore Chagomoka, Victor Afari-Sefa and Raul Pitoroc, Value Chain Analysis of Traditional Vegetables from Malawi and Mozambique(2014).', 'Takemore Chagomoka, Victor Afari-Sefa and Raul Pitoroc (2014), Value Chain Analysis of Traditional Vegetables from Malawi and Mozambique.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 31, 3),
(357, 'Challenges for agricultural education and training (AET) institutions in preparing growing student populations for productive careers in the agri-food system', 'Isaac Minde, Stephanus Terblanche, Bernard Bashaasha, Ignacio Casper Madakadze, Jason Snyder and Anthony Mugisha', '2015', 'Journals', '', '93232', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Purpose – Agricultural education and training (AET) institutions will play a strategic role in helping to\r\nprepare Africa’s rapidly growing youth populations for productive careers in agriculture and related\r\nagri-businesses. The purpose of this paper is to examine the magnitude of skills and youth employment\r\nneeds emanating from high-population growth rates. It then explores how agricultural education\r\ninstitutions are responding to these challenges in four different countries at different levels of food\r\nsystem development: South Africa tier 1, Tanzania in tier 2 and Malawi and Uganda in tier 3.\r\nDesign/methodology/approach – Demographic and school enrollment data provide information on\r\nthemagnitude of jobmarket entrants at different levels of education while Living StandardsMeasurement\r\nStudies in the respective countries provide a snapshot of current skill requirements in different segments\r\nof the agri-food system. In order to evaluate AET responses, the authors have conducted country-level\r\nreviews of AET systems as well as in-depth assessments at key tertiary AET institutions in each of the\r\nfour case study countries.\r\nFindings – Growth rates in primary school enrollments are high in sub-Saharan Africa. At the same\r\ntime, because of budgetary constraints, transition rates decline rapidly – about 40 percent from\r\nprimary to secondary and 7 percent from secondary to tertiary. As a result, substantial numbers of\r\nprimary and secondary school graduates seek jobs.\r\nResearch limitations/implications – The case study countries are limited to four. Had more\r\nfinancial resources and time been available, researchers could have spread further afield and in so\r\ndoing increasing the precision of the results.\r\nOriginality/value – Estimation of the number of primary and secondary school leavers seeking\r\nemployment because of failure to proceed to the next level of education. Estimation of the level of\r\neducation shares in the various components of the agri-food system.\r\nKeywords Africa, Youth employment, Agricultural education and training,\r\nAgriculture in primary and secondary education\r\nPaper type Research paper', 'Isaac Minde, Stephanus Terblanche, Bernard Bashaasha, Ignacio Casper Madakadze, Jason Snyder and Anthony Mugisha (2015), Challenges for agricultural education and training (AET) institutions in preparing growing student populations for productive careers in the agri-food system.', 'Isaac Minde, Stephanus Terblanche, Bernard Bashaasha, Ignacio Casper Madakadze, Jason Snyder and Anthony Mugisha, Challenges for agricultural education and training (AET) institutions in preparing growing student populations for productive careers in the agri-food system(2015).', 'Isaac Minde, Stephanus Terblanche, Bernard Bashaasha, Ignacio Casper Madakadze, Jason Snyder and Anthony Mugisha (2015), Challenges for agricultural education and training (AET) institutions in preparing growing student populations for productive careers in the agri-food system.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 22, 3),
(358, 'Changes in growing-season rainfall characteristics and downscaled scenarios of change over southern Africa: implications for growing maize', 'Mark Tadross, Pablo Suarez, Alex Lotsch, Sepo Hachigonta, Marshall Mdoka, Leonard Unganai, Filipe Lucio, Donald Kamdonyo, and Maurice Muchinda', 'Unknown', 'Corporate Reports', '', '52588', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Global climate change is a detectable and attributable phenomenon,\r\nyet its manifestation at the regional scale, especially within the\r\nrainfall record, can be difficult to characterize due to the high degree\r\nof variability. At the same time, an understanding of historical change\r\nis essential in order to provide context for climate change projections,\r\nas well as a credible basis for adaptation. Over southern Africa this\r\ntask is complicated by particularly erratic rainfall, the presence of\r\nmultidecadal trends, and limited data with sparse spatial coverage.\r\nFurthermore, climate models suggest that competing responses (such\r\nas increasing numbers of dry days, coupled with increases in rainfall\r\nintensity), working at different timescales, will serve to additionally\r\nmask any signals in the time-averaged total rainfall.\r\nIdeally, the changes in the secondary attributes can then be compared\r\nwith equivalent attributes from downscaled climate scenarios to\r\nassess agreement and contribute to confidence in projected downscaled\r\ndata. However, downscaled scenarios may suffer from varied\r\nbiases and limitations due to their methodological approach, e.g.\r\nrainfall parameterisations within RCMs and neglected land-climate\r\ninteractions within empirically derived scenarios. These limitations\r\nmay lead to inconsistencies between different sources of information.\r\nThe comparisons described earlier, based on secondary attributes and\r\nsub-seasonal timescales, facilitate highlighting areas of weakness in\r\neach downscaling, which may not be readily manifest in the more\r\ncommonly used time-averaged products.\r\nThese issues are explored using data from southern Africa;\r\nstation observations of daily rainfall, dynamical scenarios from 2\r\nregional climate models and empirical scenarios from 6 general circulation\r\nmodels. The observations are analysed for detectable trends in\r\nthe start, end, and duration of the rainfall season, as well as number\r\nof dry days, length of dry spells and measures of rainfall intensity\r\nduring critical periods for agriculture. Correlations with the Southern\r\nOscillation Index (SOI) and Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) are used\r\nto infer how large-scale climate variability affects these attributes\r\nof rainfall and highlight where (and when) trends may contribute\r\nto more frequent crossings of critical thresholds. Trends are also\r\ncompared with and discussed in relation to changes projected in the\r\ndownscaled scenarios, highlighting inconsistencies, which may be\r\ndue to systematic biases in each methodology. The implications for\r\nagricultural adaptation are examined and discussed. The paper suggests\r\nthat when building scenarios of climate change, a wide range of\r\nmodels and methodologies should be interrogated and their interpretation\r\nrelies heavily on understanding the methods and underlying\r\nphysical processes. Furthermore, such processes act across political\r\nboundaries and collaboration across institutions, as highlighted here,\r\nis needed to confidently make regional assessments.', 'Mark Tadross, Pablo Suarez, Alex Lotsch, Sepo Hachigonta, Marshall Mdoka, Leonard Unganai, Filipe Lucio, Donald Kamdonyo, and Maurice Muchinda (Unknown), Changes in growing-season rainfall characteristics and downscaled scenarios of change over southern Africa: implications for growing maize.', 'Mark Tadross, Pablo Suarez, Alex Lotsch, Sepo Hachigonta, Marshall Mdoka, Leonard Unganai, Filipe Lucio, Donald Kamdonyo, and Maurice Muchinda, Changes in growing-season rainfall characteristics and downscaled scenarios of change over southern Africa: implications for growing maize(Unknown).', 'Mark Tadross, Pablo Suarez, Alex Lotsch, Sepo Hachigonta, Marshall Mdoka, Leonard Unganai, Filipe Lucio, Donald Kamdonyo, and Maurice Muchinda (Unknown), Changes in growing-season rainfall characteristics and downscaled scenarios of change over southern Africa: implications for growing maize.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 19, 46, 3),
(359, 'Integrated Soil Fertility Management in Central Africa: Experiences of the Consortium for Improving Agriculturebased Livelihoods in Central Africa (CIALCA)', 'Bernard Vanlauwe, Pieter Pypers, Eliud Birachi, Martha Nyagaya, Boudy van Schagen, Jeroen Huising, Emily Ouma, Guy Blomme, and Piet van Asten', 'Unknown', 'Public Reports', '', '40442', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Agricultural intensification is a necessity in the densely populated areas of sub-Saharan Africa and\r\ncertainly so in the Great Lakes region of Central Africa, the operational domain of the Consortium for\r\nImproving Agriculture-based Livelihoods in Central Africa (CIALCA). The integrated soil fertility\r\nmanagement (ISFM) paradigm has been accepted by the research and development community,\r\nincluding the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa, as a viable set of principles to foster agricultural\r\nintensification. In this paper we first describe the production environment of CIALCA’s mandate areas\r\nand its impact on livelihood characteristics and constraints on enhanced productivity. We then develop\r\nthe definition of ISFM and evaluate its relation with eco-efficiency principles. ISFM components are\r\nillustrated with data from various cropping systems in the mandate areas and specific reference is\r\nmade to issues of dissemination and the creation of an enabling environment for the uptake of ISFM\r\ntechnologies. We found that ISFM principles are relevant for increasing system productivity within the\r\nGreat Lakes region but that unfavorable conditions for their uptake are a major impediment to their\r\npotential impact. CIALCA and future initiatives should simultaneously invest in the development and\r\nevaluation of ISFM practices and the creation of an environment that favors their uptake.', 'Bernard Vanlauwe, Pieter Pypers, Eliud Birachi, Martha Nyagaya, Boudy van Schagen, Jeroen Huising, Emily Ouma, Guy Blomme, and Piet van Asten (Unknown), Integrated Soil Fertility Management in Central Africa: Experiences of the Consortium for Improving Agriculturebased Livelihoods in Central Africa (CIALCA).', 'Bernard Vanlauwe, Pieter Pypers, Eliud Birachi, Martha Nyagaya, Boudy van Schagen, Jeroen Huising, Emily Ouma, Guy Blomme, and Piet van Asten, Integrated Soil Fertility Management in Central Africa: Experiences of the Consortium for Improving Agriculturebased Livelihoods in Central Africa (CIALCA)(Unknown).', 'Bernard Vanlauwe, Pieter Pypers, Eliud Birachi, Martha Nyagaya, Boudy van Schagen, Jeroen Huising, Emily Ouma, Guy Blomme, and Piet van Asten (Unknown), Integrated Soil Fertility Management in Central Africa: Experiences of the Consortium for Improving Agriculturebased Livelihoods in Central Africa (CIALCA).', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(360, 'Food price spikes and strategic interactions between the public and private sectors: Market failures or governance failures?', 'T.S. Jayne and David Tschirley', '2010', 'Corporate Reports', '', '64828', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'When food prices shoot over import parity, this often leads to social and political unrest\r\nand even the toppling of governments. If markets behaved efficiently and in the absence\r\nof trade barriers, food prices should not exceed the price in world markets plus the cost of\r\nimporting it to domestic markets (i.e., import parity). However, food prices routinely soar\r\nabove import parity in several countries of East and Southern Africa, causing widespread\r\nhunger and asset depletion among the poor.\r\nPolicy makers have two good reasons for seeking to understand why domestic food\r\nprices sometimes exceed import parity: first, to develop strategies to protect the welfare of\r\nthe urban and rural poor in response to national food production shortfalls, and second, to\r\npromote political and social stability. This study is motivated by the need to avoid such food\r\ncrises, to understand why they occur with such regularity in the region, and to consider\r\npolicy options for avoiding them in the future.\r\nAt the heart of this issue are the interactions between governments and traders in food\r\nmarkets. Traditional development economics typically analyses the performance of food\r\nmarkets as the impact of shifting demand and supply functions. This approach can be\r\nusefully complemented by an investigation of the strategic interactions between public and\r\nprivate marketing actors and how their behaviour responds to one another. We conclude\r\nthat a better understanding of these strategic interactions is necessary to put in place\r\nappropriate strategies for ensuring that domestic food prices do not exceed import parity\r\nand thus reduce the potential for extreme upside price shocks.\r\nThe following section explores the political economy interactions between the state and\r\nprivate sector in grain markets. We then lay out a theory that explains how government\r\nreliance on discretionary trade policy instruments leads to strategic interactions that\r\ncan precipitate food crises. We then examine the details of two specific cases from the\r\nrecent 2008/09 year in which domestic food prices greatly exceeded import parity prices\r\nfor extended periods: (1) the case of Kenya from late 2008 into August 2009; and (2)\r\nthe case of Malawi from late 2008 to April 2009. The concluding section summarizes the\r\nmain findings, considers the potential effectiveness of alterative policy responses under\r\nconsideration to ensure against upside food price risk.', 'T.S. Jayne and David Tschirley (2010), Food price spikes and strategic interactions between the public and private sectors: Market failures or governance failures?.', 'T.S. Jayne and David Tschirley, Food price spikes and strategic interactions between the public and private sectors: Market failures or governance failures?(2010).', 'T.S. Jayne and David Tschirley (2010), Food price spikes and strategic interactions between the public and private sectors: Market failures or governance failures?.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 22, 54, 3),
(361, 'Seeds and Subsidies: The Political Economy of Input Programmes in Malawi', 'Blessings Chinsinga', '2011', 'Journals', '', '36042', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This article provides a critical account of the cereal seed systems in Malawi, in both a historical and\r\ncontemporary context, with particular reference to the three input support programmes implemented since the\r\nlate 1990s to date. The centrality of the question of food security in the country’s electoral politics in a postliberalisation\r\ncontext has created a seed industry dominated by multinational seed companies, who offer\r\nfarmers a narrow range of products, mainly hybrid maize, and in which alternative cereal seed systems, such as\r\nmillet and sorghum are at the verge of extinction. The interests of seed companies, donors and government\r\nhave, for different reasons, thus coincided to create a seed industry which has a narrow product portfolio and\r\ndistributes benefits to only a very small proportion of the population. The dominant players in Malawi’s ‘Green\r\nRevolution Alliance’ shape the major policy directions, not always for the benefit of smallholder farmers.', 'Blessings Chinsinga (2011), Seeds and Subsidies: The Political Economy of Input Programmes in Malawi.', 'Blessings Chinsinga, Seeds and Subsidies: The Political Economy of Input Programmes in Malawi(2011).', 'Blessings Chinsinga (2011), Seeds and Subsidies: The Political Economy of Input Programmes in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 23, 3),
(362, 'Climate change and variability in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review of current and future trends and impacts on agriculture and food security', 'Julius H. Kotir', '2010', 'Journals', '', '30183', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Sub-Saharan Africa has been portrayed as the most vulnerable region to the\r\nimpacts of global climate change because of its reliance on agriculture which is highly\r\nsensitive to weather and climate variables such as temperature, precipitation, and light and\r\nextreme events and low capacity for adaptation. This article reviews evidence on the scope\r\nand nature of the climate change challenge; and assesses the impact of climate change on\r\nagriculture and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. From the review, it is apparent that\r\nthe climate in Africa is already exhibiting significant changes, evident by changes in\r\naverage temperature, change in amount of rainfall and patterns and the prevalence of\r\nfrequency and intensity of weather extremes. The review also revealed that although\r\nuncertainties exist with regards to the magnitude of impacts, climate will negatively affect\r\nagricultural production in Sub-Saharan Africa. Specifically, as result of current and\r\nexpected climate change, the area suitable for agriculture, the length of growing seasons\r\nand yield potential, particularly along the margins of semi-arid and arid areas, are expected\r\nto decrease. These impacts will affect all components of food security: food availability,\r\nfood accessibility, food utilisation and food stability and hence increase the risk of hunger\r\nin the region. The review thus confirms the general consensus that Sub-Saharan Africa is\r\nthe most vulnerable region to climate change. It suggests that, policymakers and development\r\nagencies should focus on formulating and implementing policies and programmes\r\nthat promote farm level adaptation strategies currently being practiced by farmers across\r\nthe region.\r\nKeywords Climate change  Agriculture  Food security  Sub-Saharan', 'Julius H. Kotir (2010), Climate change and variability in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review of current and future trends and impacts on agriculture and food security.', 'Julius H. Kotir, Climate change and variability in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review of current and future trends and impacts on agriculture and food security(2010).', 'Julius H. Kotir (2010), Climate change and variability in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review of current and future trends and impacts on agriculture and food security.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 17, 3),
(363, 'Constituting Agricultural and Food Policy in Malawi: The Role of the State and International Donors in the Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP)', 'Peter Rock Nkhoma', '2016', 'Dissertations', '', '55661', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Numerous studies have been undertaken on the political economy of agricultural policies in\r\ndeveloping countries. These studies have explained agricultural policies in terms of urban bias, economic\r\nreforms, and domestic politics. Recently, the emphasis has been on explanations that reference the\r\nexistence of a rational-legal and patronage element within the African state. Such explanations tend to\r\nunderplay the extent to which agricultural policies are devised in a context of power asymmetries between\r\nthe state and international donors or financial institutions. In the Malawian context specifically, limited\r\nattention has been paid to the possibility that policies are a negotiated outcome of interactions informed\r\nby competing objectives at the state-donor interface. Accordingly, the proposed study will attempt to fill\r\nthis existing gap in the literature.\r\nMalawi is currently at the center of policy debates regarding the state’s capacity to launch a\r\nuniquely African Green Revolution within a marketized and capitalist configuration. Such debates mark\r\nthe continued underinvestment in agriculture on the African continent. The Malawi case, therefore,\r\nprovides a unique opportunity to explore the extent to which state level efforts are either confounded or\r\nenabled by donors and international financial institutions. The specific successes and failures of the\r\nMalawi case speak to the question of how other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa might successfully\r\naddress food production and food security issues.\r\nThis dissertation will explore the overarching question of the role of the state and international\r\ndonors in shaping agricultural and food security policies using Malawi’s farm input subsidy program as a\r\ncase study. The main research methods to explore this question are qualitative, including interviews with\r\nvarious development stakeholders (government ministries, international development agencies,\r\nresearchers from policy research and academic institutions, and civil society organizations) associated with agriculture and food policy making, and textual analysis of publications associated with them. The\r\nresearch specifically targets key experts in the area of agriculture and food security.\r\nThe findings indicate that policies have been greatly influenced by the competing ideologies of\r\nthe state and donors, with each recognizing the problem but differing on the approach and modalities for\r\nsolving food insecurity in Malawi. To this extent, there has been considerable inconsistency in policies\r\nwith obvious negative outcomes. More recently, there has been an aligning of policy positions towards\r\nthe use of social welfare programs and commercialization in addressing food insecurity. This alignment\r\nrelates to policy positions on both the FISP and the configuration of the wider agricultural sector as a\r\nwhole, as manifest in the National Agricultural Policy, for example. The role of domestic politics vs.\r\ndonors in policy processes has been in flux due to changes in the political and economic environment and\r\nconfiguration at specific junctures.\r\nThe study also finds that evidence has been important in informing policy making, more\r\nimportantly, finance has had significant impact in attenuating the influence of domestic politics, so that\r\nthe recently proposed and implemented reforms to FISP, although connected to considerable\r\nsociopolitical pressure from various quarters, have been largely precipitated by a serious fiscal crisis on\r\nthe part of the government. To this extent, the state has assumed a pragmatic approach to policy making\r\ni.e., one that is cognizant of the limitations imposed by both finance and Malawi’s very harsh,\r\nchallenging, and complex context.', 'Peter Rock Nkhoma (2016), Constituting Agricultural and Food Policy in Malawi: The Role of the State and International Donors in the Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP).', 'Peter Rock Nkhoma, Constituting Agricultural and Food Policy in Malawi: The Role of the State and International Donors in the Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP)(2016).', 'Peter Rock Nkhoma (2016), Constituting Agricultural and Food Policy in Malawi: The Role of the State and International Donors in the Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP).', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 46, 3),
(364, 'Determinants and spatiotemporal dimensions of crop diversification in Malawi', 'Henry Kankwamba, Mariam ATJ Mapila and Karl Pauw', '2012', 'Public Reports', '', '39055', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Both micro- and macroeconomic evidence suggest that the promotion of agricultural diversification in agriculture-based developing countries makes sense. At the microeconomic level increased agricultural diversification promotes nutrition and raises household incomes, while allowing farmers to adapt to the challenges posed by climate change. At the macroeconomic level agricultural diversification contributes to overall economic diversification, industrialization, and growth, as well as economic resilience in face of external economic shocks. This study is specifically concerned with crop diversification in the agricultural sector. Using Malawi as a case study, we analyze the recent patterns and determinants of crop diversification in order to better understand how policies impact on diversification or how they can be better formulated or implemented to effectively promote diversification. Malawi is an interesting case study for several reasons. It is one of the poorest nations in the world and relies heavily on agriculture for food security and economic growth. This suggests policies that contribute to a more vibrant and diversified agricultural sector would bring about socioeconomic gains. At present, however, the agricultural sector is highly undiversified, with maize and tobacco being the dominant staple and export crops respectively. Despite this, the government has since the 2005/06 cropping season implemented the Farm Input Subsidy Program aimed primarily at increasing maize productivity and output. Data from two nationally representative household surveys, which covers cropping seasons in 2004/05 and 2010/11, will shed light on whether this major intervention has had a positive or negative impact on crop diversification, either through freeing up farm land for other crops (due to higher maize yields obtained) or through crowding out other crops. In fact, we find that although crop diversification has deteriorated nationally and regionally, beneficiaries of the subsidy program have indeed become more diversified. This possibly points at an increase in maize cultivation among non-beneficiary households so that they may become eligible for the subsidy. We conclude that while various policies in Malawi all encourage agricultural diversification in broad terms, there is a lack of strategic thinking around how exactly it will be achieved, and more importantly, how crop diversification could be promoted among different types of farmers with the aim of contributing to economic growth, risk reduction, and nutrition security.\r\nKeywords: Crop diversification; agricultural commercialization; Malawi', 'Henry Kankwamba, Mariam ATJ Mapila and Karl Pauw (2012), Determinants and spatiotemporal dimensions of crop diversification in Malawi.', 'Henry Kankwamba, Mariam ATJ Mapila and Karl Pauw, Determinants and spatiotemporal dimensions of crop diversification in Malawi(2012).', 'Henry Kankwamba, Mariam ATJ Mapila and Karl Pauw (2012), Determinants and spatiotemporal dimensions of crop diversification in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(365, 'Crude oil price shocks and macroeconomic performance in Africa’s oil-producing countries', 'Adeleke Omolade, Harold Ngalawa and Adebayo Kutu', '2019', 'Journals', '', '11321', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The study investigates the influence of crude oil price shocks on the\r\nmacroeconomic performance of Africa’s oil-producing countries. Eight major net oil\r\nproducers, namely, Algeria, Nigeria, Egypt, Angola, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and\r\nCongo Republic are included in the study. Sudan is excluded due to data constraints.\r\nThe study covers the period between 1980 and 2016, which represents the periods\r\nwith the most boom and bust movements in crude oil prices. The Hamilton Index\r\n(1996) which uses the net oil price increase is applied. The study compares the price\r\nof oil in each quarter with the maximum value observed during the preceding four\r\nquarters. This is used to derive sharp increases and declines in oil prices to capture\r\noil price shocks. A Panel Structural Vector Auto-Regression model is adopted for\r\nanalysis. The results show that the reaction of output to sharp increases and\r\ndeclines in oil prices differ. It is also observed that structural inflation accompanies\r\nsharp declines in oil prices more than monetary inflation, since both outputs and\r\ninvestment decline significantly.\r\nSubjects: Economics; Environmental Economics; Industry & Industrial Studies\r\nKeywords: Hamilton Index; crude oil price shocks; output performance', 'Adeleke Omolade, Harold Ngalawa and Adebayo Kutu (2019), Crude oil price shocks and macroeconomic performance in Africa’s oil-producing countries.', 'Adeleke Omolade, Harold Ngalawa and Adebayo Kutu, Crude oil price shocks and macroeconomic performance in Africa’s oil-producing countries(2019).', 'Adeleke Omolade, Harold Ngalawa and Adebayo Kutu (2019), Crude oil price shocks and macroeconomic performance in Africa’s oil-producing countries.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 24, 3),
(366, 'Evolution and impacts of groundnut research and development in Malawi: An ex-post analysis', 'Takuji W. Tsusaka, Harry W. Msere, Moses Siambi, Kizito Mazvimavi and Patrick Okori', '2015', 'Journals', '', '80443', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Groundnut is currently the second income earner for smallholder farmers in Malawi, and an inexpensive source of balanced protein. Owing to the continued crop improvement research and extension efforts, production has risen by more than 15 times in the past two decades. Despite the dramatic growth, no impact assessment has ever been conducted to date. This study aims to assess the economic impacts of investments in groundnut research and development (R&D) in Malawi, covering the period 1982-2013. Relevant information on investments and changes in outputs was gathered from a range of sources including a smallholder household survey and secondary data provided by international and national agricultural research programmes, and non-governmental organisations. The economic surplus approach (the PEDPIS method and the Akino-Hayami method) was employed to compute the internal rate of return (IRR) and the net present value (NPV). It was found that the IRR for the base scenario was 22%, higher than the opportunity cost of capital being 11%, indicating that the investment was competitive as well as profitable. The NPV ranged from USD 204 million to USD 206 million, depending on the calculation method. With sensitivity analyses, the NPV remained positive and the IRR stayed above 11% in all scenarios except when the research and extension costs were raised by 50%. The IRR compares well among impacts of crop research in sub-Saharan Africa. The result implies the need for policy formulation towards long term commitment to developing improved seeds, reinforcement of the seed systems, and enhancement of extension services to smallholders.\r\nKey words: Groundnut, economic surplus, Akino-Hayami, internal rate of return, net present value, Malawi.', 'Takuji W. Tsusaka, Harry W. Msere, Moses Siambi, Kizito Mazvimavi and Patrick Okori (2015), Evolution and impacts of groundnut research and development in Malawi: An ex-post analysis.', 'Takuji W. Tsusaka, Harry W. Msere, Moses Siambi, Kizito Mazvimavi and Patrick Okori, Evolution and impacts of groundnut research and development in Malawi: An ex-post analysis(2015).', 'Takuji W. Tsusaka, Harry W. Msere, Moses Siambi, Kizito Mazvimavi and Patrick Okori (2015), Evolution and impacts of groundnut research and development in Malawi: An ex-post analysis.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 33, 3),
(367, 'Decentralized Beneficiary Targeting in Large-Scale Development Programs Insights from the Malawi Farm Input Subsidy Program', 'Talip Kilic Edward Whitney Paul Winters', '2013', 'Public Reports', '', '10499', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper contributes to the long-standing debate on\r\nthe merits of decentralized beneficiary targeting in the\r\nadministration of development programs, focusing on\r\nthe large-scale Malawi Farm Input Subsidy Program.\r\nNationally-representative household survey data are\r\nused to systematically analyze the decentralized targeting\r\nperformance of the program during the 2009–2010\r\nagricultural season. The analysis begins with a standard\r\ntargeting assessment based on the rates of program\r\nparticipation and the benefit amounts among the\r\neligible and non-eligible populations, and provides\r\ndecompositions of the national targeting performance\r\ninto the inter-district, intra-district inter-community,\r\nand intra-district intra-community components. This\r\napproach identifies the relative contributions of targeting\r\nat each level. The results show that the Farm Input Subsidy Program is not poverty targeted and that the\r\nnational government, districts, and communities are\r\nnearly uniform in their failure to target the poor, with\r\nany minimal targeting (or mis-targeting) overwhelmingly\r\nmaterializing at the community level. The findings are\r\nrobust to the choice of the eligibility indicator and the\r\ndecomposition method. The multivariate analysis of\r\nhousehold program participation reinforces these results\r\nand reveals that the relatively well-off, rather than the\r\npoor or the wealthiest, and the locally well-connected\r\nhave a higher likelihood of program participation and,\r\non average, receive a greater number of input coupons.\r\nSince a key program objective is to increase food security\r\nand income among resource-poor farmers, the lack of\r\ntargeting is a concern and should underlie considerations\r\nof alternative targeting approaches that, in part or\r\ncompletely, rely on proxy means tests at the local level.', 'Talip Kilic Edward Whitney Paul Winters (2013), Decentralized Beneficiary Targeting in Large-Scale Development Programs Insights from the Malawi Farm Input Subsidy Program.', 'Talip Kilic Edward Whitney Paul Winters, Decentralized Beneficiary Targeting in Large-Scale Development Programs Insights from the Malawi Farm Input Subsidy Program(2013).', 'Talip Kilic Edward Whitney Paul Winters (2013), Decentralized Beneficiary Targeting in Large-Scale Development Programs Insights from the Malawi Farm Input Subsidy Program.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 5, 15, 3),
(369, 'Fish WorldFish Centre. Impact of the Development and Dissemination of Integrated Aquaculture–Agriculture Technologies in Malawi', 'M.M. DEY, P. KAMBEWA, M. PREIN, D. JAMU, F.J. PARAGUAS, D.E. PEMSL AND R.M. BRIONES', '2007', 'Journals', '', '28348', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Fish is an important part of the nutrition of Malawians, providing essential\r\nprotein and micronutrients. However, due to declining catches from\r\nthe lakes and a doubling of the population since the 1970s, per capita\r\nannual fish consumption decreased from 14 kg in the 1970s to 4.2 kg in\r\n2005, with a corresponding increase in fish prices. This has further worsened\r\nfood insecurity, especially of the rural population in a country (Fig.\r\n7.1) where an estimated 66% of the population does not consume the\r\nminimum daily energy requirement (Jamu and Chimatiro, 2004).\r\nThe Fisheries Department of Malawi designated aquaculture to play a\r\ncomplementary role to the capture fisheries sub-sector (ICLARM and\r\nGTZ, 1991). Aquaculture increases fish supply and therefore releases the\r\npressure on capture fisheries. Various projects focusing on introducing\r\nsmall-scale fish farming to rural farmers were implemented from the\r\n1970s to the mid-1990s by the United Nations Development Programme,\r\nthe Oxford Committee for Famine Relief (OXFAM), the United Nations\r\nChildren’s Fund, Landell Mills Associates/European Economic\r\nCommunity, Official Development Aid and the German Agency for\r\nTechnical Cooperation (GTZ) (ICLARM and GTZ, 1991). In essence, these\r\ninitiatives upgraded the national extension and research infrastructure,\r\nconducted capacity-building activities of Fisheries Department staff, and\r\nimplemented farmer training and technology support activities. However,\r\nthe extended technology ‘packages’ required considerable investments\r\non the side of the farmer, which they could not afford without\r\nproject support (Banda, 1987; Brummett and Noble, 1995a,b).', 'M.M. DEY, P. KAMBEWA, M. PREIN, D. JAMU, F.J. PARAGUAS, D.E. PEMSL AND R.M. BRIONES (2007), Fish WorldFish Centre. Impact of the Development and Dissemination of Integrated Aquaculture–Agriculture Technologies in Malawi.', 'M.M. DEY, P. KAMBEWA, M. PREIN, D. JAMU, F.J. PARAGUAS, D.E. PEMSL AND R.M. BRIONES, Fish WorldFish Centre. Impact of the Development and Dissemination of Integrated Aquaculture–Agriculture Technologies in Malawi(2007).', 'M.M. DEY, P. KAMBEWA, M. PREIN, D. JAMU, F.J. PARAGUAS, D.E. PEMSL AND R.M. BRIONES (2007), Fish WorldFish Centre. Impact of the Development and Dissemination of Integrated Aquaculture–Agriculture Technologies in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 38, 3),
(370, 'The impact of food aid on food markets and food security in Malawi', 'Paul Jere', '2007', 'Public Reports', '', '69245', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'In 2006 the Regional Network for Equity in Health in east and southern Africa (EQUINET)\r\nand the Health Systems Research Unit of Medical Research Council (MRC), South Africa\r\ncommissioned a series of country case studies on existing food security and nutrition\r\nprogrammes in the region that demonstrate good practice in health systems promotion of\r\nfood sovereignty and equity. This report outlines one of the case studies.\r\nMalawi’s greatest developmental challenges over the past 10 years have been its high levels\r\nof poverty, recurring food insecurity and widespread malnutrition. All three of these social\r\nphenomena are interlinked because poorer households cannot buy sufficient food for their\r\nneeds, cannot get a suitable income from their own agricultural production, and suffer from\r\nmalnutrition as a result. In response to the crisis, levels of global food aid to Malawi have\r\nincreased and food aid has become a key way to address food insecurity and malnutrition in\r\nthe country.', 'Paul Jere (2007), The impact of food aid on food markets and food security in Malawi.', 'Paul Jere, The impact of food aid on food markets and food security in Malawi(2007).', 'Paul Jere (2007), The impact of food aid on food markets and food security in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(371, 'AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF FOOD AID ON FOOD SECURITY: THE CASE OF NGABU AREA IN MALAWI', 'ANELE MADZIAKAPITA', '2008', 'Dissertations', '', '68753', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The focus of the study is the evaluation of the impact of food aid on food\r\nsecurity in the area of Ngabu in the southern part of Malawi. Because of\r\nconstant droughts and floods, food distribution has taken place in Ngabu\r\nalmost every year. According to Dhaka (2005:ii), the people’s harvest over\r\nthe past five years has never been enough and they therefore rely on\r\nfood aid, hence the choice of the Ngabu area for study.\r\nThis chapter discusses the background to the problem that has prompted\r\nthe study and focuses on its importance, relevance and objectives. It\r\nbriefly explains the research methodology and gives a chapter outline.', 'ANELE MADZIAKAPITA (2008), AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF FOOD AID ON FOOD SECURITY: THE CASE OF NGABU AREA IN MALAWI.', 'ANELE MADZIAKAPITA, AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF FOOD AID ON FOOD SECURITY: THE CASE OF NGABU AREA IN MALAWI(2008).', 'ANELE MADZIAKAPITA (2008), AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF FOOD AID ON FOOD SECURITY: THE CASE OF NGABU AREA IN MALAWI.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 29, 3),
(372, 'Competition issues in the Tobacco Industry of Malawi', 'Prepared for UNCTAD Secretariat By Ephraim W. Chirwa, Consultant', '2011', 'Public Reports', '', '94079', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The tobacco industry plays a major role in the Malawi economy. Tobacco is the main cash\r\ncrop and the main foreign exchange earner in the economy. Tobacco exports account for\r\nmore than 60 percent of export earnings. The main type of tobacco grown in Malawi is burley\r\nwhich in 2010 accounted for 94 percent of total tobacco production. Other types of tobacco\r\ngrown in Malawi are northern division dark fired, flue-cured, southern division dark fired,\r\nsun-air and oriental tobacco. Prior to liberalisation in 1992, burley tobacco was only\r\ncultivated by large scale estate owners while smallholder farmers were only allowed to grow\r\nfire-cured, air-cured and oriental tobacco. Since liberalisation, the smallholder sector has\r\ndominated burley cultivation producing about 98 percent in 2009 from 63 percent in 2006.\r\nThere are several stakeholders in the tobacco industry at various stages of the value chain\r\ninterfacing with the regulatory institutions and other service providers. The institutional\r\narrangements in the industry and the structure of the industry have implications for the\r\npromotion of competitive behaviour.\r\nThe main objective of this study is to analyse the context, the structure and functioning of the\r\ntobacco sector in terms of competition at various stages of the tobacco value chain. Some of\r\nthe issues highlighted in the study include the structure of the tobacco industry, the nature of\r\nthe competitive process, the institutional and regulatory framework and capacity issues in the\r\nregulatory institutions. The main limitation of the study is the lack of data at firm level that\r\nwould have enabled a multivariate analysis of the relationships between market structure,\r\nconduct and performance at various stages of the tobacco value chain. This lack of data partly\r\nreflects the capacity constraints and weaknesses in the regulatory regime in the tobacco sector.', 'Prepared for UNCTAD Secretariat By Ephraim W. Chirwa, Consultant (2011), Competition issues in the Tobacco Industry of Malawi.', 'Prepared for UNCTAD Secretariat By Ephraim W. Chirwa, Consultant, Competition issues in the Tobacco Industry of Malawi(2011).', 'Prepared for UNCTAD Secretariat By Ephraim W. Chirwa, Consultant (2011), Competition issues in the Tobacco Industry of Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(373, 'RISK, RISK MANAGEMENT AND VULNERABILITY TO POVERTY AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL IN MALAWI', 'DONALD MAKOKA', '2007', 'Dissertations', '', '11044', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Vulnerability to poverty in Malawi is highly associated with risk. Households face\r\nmultiple shocks, most of which threaten their livelihoods and impact negatively on their\r\nwelfare. The main objective of this investigation is to undertake an operational risk and\r\nvulnerability assessment at household level. Given the lack of panel data in Malawi for\r\nan ideal vulnerability assessment, the methodology of Christiaensen and Subbarao (2004)\r\nwill be adopted using a two-period cross sectional data coupled with rainfall data. The\r\nfirst set of data comes from the 2004 Malawi Second Integrated Household Survey\r\n(IHS2) while the second set is primary data collected through a follow-up of the same\r\nhouseholds in 2006. This work is expected to come up with a better understanding of the\r\nrole of risk in influencing vulnerability to poverty among households in Malawi', 'DONALD MAKOKA (2007), RISK, RISK MANAGEMENT AND VULNERABILITY TO POVERTY AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL IN MALAWI.', 'DONALD MAKOKA, RISK, RISK MANAGEMENT AND VULNERABILITY TO POVERTY AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL IN MALAWI(2007).', 'DONALD MAKOKA (2007), RISK, RISK MANAGEMENT AND VULNERABILITY TO POVERTY AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL IN MALAWI.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 35, 3),
(374, 'Technology in critical institutionalism, the agency of the Seguia Khrichfa in reconfiguring irrigation institutions', 'S. van der Kooij, M. Zwarteveen, M. Kuper', '2013', 'Public Reports', '', '89585', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'In this paper we want to highlight the important role technology plays in co-mediating institutions, opening up some courses of action and closing off others. We argue that the development of critical institutionalism requires recognition of the technological dimensions of institutions as the technology also shapes what institutions are, and what they can do. We show this by presenting a case study of a community managed irrigation system, the Seguia Khrichfa in Morocco. This is an ideal case to unravel the complexities in which technologies act. Human practises, and institutions, are interwoven with the canal they interact with, entwined in a shared history of co-defining each other. Through the water it carries, it links water users to each other (in a certain order, some more privileged than others). The canal does not restrict its network to a geographical area. At critical moments it links up to international discourses, agricultural policies and political relations.', 'S. van der Kooij, M. Zwarteveen, M. Kuper (2013), Technology in critical institutionalism, the agency of the Seguia Khrichfa in reconfiguring irrigation institutions.', 'S. van der Kooij, M. Zwarteveen, M. Kuper, Technology in critical institutionalism, the agency of the Seguia Khrichfa in reconfiguring irrigation institutions(2013).', 'S. van der Kooij, M. Zwarteveen, M. Kuper (2013), Technology in critical institutionalism, the agency of the Seguia Khrichfa in reconfiguring irrigation institutions.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3),
(375, 'RETHINKING AGRICULTURAL INPUT SUBSIDY PROGRAMMES IN A CHANGING WORLD', 'Andrew Dorward', '2009', 'Public Reports', '', '23577', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Recent years have seen a resurgent interest in large scale input subsidies, and\r\nparticularly fertilizer subsidies, in agricultural development and food security policies in\r\nAfrica. Very high global grain prices in the first part of 2008 appeared to make such\r\nsubsidies even more attractive, but this was complicated by even more dramatic rises in\r\nfertilizer prices. While global grain and fertiliser prices have subsequently fallen back, high\r\ngrain prices have persisted in many domestic markets, and future food and fertiliser prices\r\nare very uncertain.\r\nThis paper considers the roles of input subsidy programmes in poor rural economies in\r\nAfrica in these difficult times. The paper begins with a brief review of historical changes in\r\nexperience with and views of input subsidies, and of the factors behind resurgent interest\r\nin input subsidy programmes, particularly with a new generation of so called ‘smart\r\nsubsidies’. We then consider how the features of smart subsidies may demand a\r\nrethinking of economic analysis of the benefits of subsidies in different contexts. This\r\nprovides the foundation for a conceptual framework for considering the key issues\r\naffecting the performance of subsidy programmes. This framework is then applied to\r\ndiscussion of recent experience of specific input subsidy programmes.\r\nThe final part of the paper considers how current grain and fertiliser prices, and\r\nuncertainty regarding future prices, impacts on subsidy programmes, and asks what roles\r\ninput subsidy programmes may have under different price regimes in different contexts in\r\nthe future, and what critical factors will determine their performance.', 'Andrew Dorward (2009), RETHINKING AGRICULTURAL INPUT SUBSIDY PROGRAMMES IN A CHANGING WORLD.', 'Andrew Dorward, RETHINKING AGRICULTURAL INPUT SUBSIDY PROGRAMMES IN A CHANGING WORLD(2009).', 'Andrew Dorward (2009), RETHINKING AGRICULTURAL INPUT SUBSIDY PROGRAMMES IN A CHANGING WORLD.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 0, 0, 3);
INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(376, 'If women hold up half the sky, how much of the world’s food do they produce?', 'Cheryl Doss', '2010', 'Journals', '', '64098', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper explores, conceptually and empirically, the question of how much\r\nfood is produced by women. Data for labour inputs and agricultural output are used to\r\nassess women’s contribution to food and agricultural production. The study also assesses\r\ngender differences in productivity. The paper finds that a precise measure of women’s\r\ncontribution to food production is impossible to establish. In general women do not\r\nproduce food separately from men and it is impossible to disaggregate men and women’s\r\ncontributions either in terms of labor supplied or in terms of output produced. Ultimately\r\nthe precise contribution women make to food production is irrelevant. It is enough to\r\nrecognize that women are important to agriculture and agriculture is important to women.\r\nThere is evidence that shows that women farm as productively as men do, when they have\r\naccess to the same resources. But they often do not have access to the improved\r\ntechnologies, credit, land and other resources. Additional data is needed to understand\r\nbetter women’s roles and constraints in agriculture so as to appropriately design\r\ninterventions that target women.\r\nKey words: Women, gender, labor, food production, agriculture, productivity, data, time\r\nuse.', 'Cheryl Doss (2010), If women hold up half the sky, how much of the world’s food do they produce?.', 'Cheryl Doss, If women hold up half the sky, how much of the world’s food do they produce?(2010).', 'Cheryl Doss (2010), If women hold up half the sky, how much of the world’s food do they produce?.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 17, 32, 3),
(377, 'Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa: Current Issues and Empirical Evidence from Malawi, Zambia, and Kenya', 'Isaac Minde, T.S. Jayne, Eric Crawford, Joshua Ariga, and Jones Govereh', '2008', 'Public Reports', '', '99577', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'It is generally agreed that increasing agricultural productivity is critical to stimulating the rate of\r\neconomic growth in Africa. There are many important and often complementary determinants of\r\nagricultural productivity. In this paper, we focus on fertilizer and improved seed, without\r\nintending to imply that they are the only or most significant productivity determinants. Other key\r\nfactors are adequate water availability, labor, crop choice, etc. Promoting the use of fertilizer and\r\nimproved seed involves addressing the supply and demand constraints that keep usage rates low,\r\nespecially among smallholder farmers. Such inputs must be available, affordable, and\r\nprofitable—for suppliers and farmers alike—without creating untenable financial risks.\r\nAgricultural research, input market development, and direct promotion of input use through\r\nprovision of credit and subsidized distribution are used to improve access to improved inputs and\r\nthe incentive to use them.\r\nRecently, the role of input subsidies in stimulating growth and addressing food security and\r\npoverty alleviation objectives has re-emerged as an important agricultural policy debate. Sharp\r\nincreases in world food and fertilizer prices in 2007 and 2008 have created a sense of urgency in\r\nmeeting productivity and social welfare goals, and have put fertilizer promotion programs and\r\nfertilizer subsidies high on the list of options for government and donor responses to the crisis.', 'Isaac Minde, T.S. Jayne, Eric Crawford, Joshua Ariga, and Jones Govereh (2008), Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa: Current Issues and Empirical Evidence from Malawi, Zambia, and Kenya.', 'Isaac Minde, T.S. Jayne, Eric Crawford, Joshua Ariga, and Jones Govereh, Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa: Current Issues and Empirical Evidence from Malawi, Zambia, and Kenya(2008).', 'Isaac Minde, T.S. Jayne, Eric Crawford, Joshua Ariga, and Jones Govereh (2008), Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa: Current Issues and Empirical Evidence from Malawi, Zambia, and Kenya.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 4, 19, 3),
(378, 'Drought insurance for agricultural development and food security in dryland areas', 'Peter B. R. Hazell & Ulrich Hess', '2010', 'Journals', '', '54244', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper reviews the potential role for and\r\nexperience with index based insurance for managing\r\ndrought risks in agriculture and rural areas in the dry areas\r\nof developing countries. It argues that while index\r\ninsurance is not a panacea for risk management, it could\r\nmake important, market-based contributions in catalyzing\r\nsustainable safety nets and promoting agricultural growth.\r\nAnd though the private sector should be the main supplier,\r\nthere are still important enabling and facilitating roles that\r\nneed to be played by the public sector.\r\nKeywords Drought management . Agricultural risk\r\nmanagement . Disaster risk management . Index insurance .\r\nDry areas . Agricultural insurance . Food security', 'Peter B. R. Hazell & Ulrich Hess (2010), Drought insurance for agricultural development and food security in dryland areas.', 'Peter B. R. Hazell & Ulrich Hess, Drought insurance for agricultural development and food security in dryland areas(2010).', 'Peter B. R. Hazell & Ulrich Hess (2010), Drought insurance for agricultural development and food security in dryland areas.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 26, 3),
(379, 'Jatropha curcas: Sowing local seeds of success in Malawi? In response to Achten et al. (2010)', 'J.C. Dyer, L.C. Stringer, A.J. Dougill', '2012', 'Journals', '', '71064', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Jatropha curcas (Jatropha) may overcome some of the negative points inherent in popular biofuel-focused\r\ndebates, including those on food insecurity and environmental degradation concerns. In this short\r\nresponse, we assess the views expressed by Achten et al. (2010) in light of recent case study-based\r\nresearch in Malawi that identifies and analyses the current context and potential for rural development\r\nof both local-level community-led and larger-scale private sector Jatropha projects in Malawi.\r\nAlthough large-scale cultivation of Jatropha is at risk of economic loss resultant from knowledge gaps\r\nand unpredictable yields, our research shows that small-scale initiatives do have the potential to\r\ncontribute positively to rural livelihoods. Sales of seeds or production of Jatropha oil for stoves, engines,\r\nsoap and paraffin can result in reduced household expenditure or increased incomes. In order for these\r\nbenefits to be realised and up-scaled, further institutional support in terms of knowledge and technical\r\nprovision is vital, and must be communicated through established and context-specific, locally-appropriate\r\nchannels. While the biofuel debate remains global, we assert that actions should be focused at the\r\nlocal level in order to realise developmental, sustainability and climate change mitigation benefits across\r\na range of scales.', 'J.C. Dyer, L.C. Stringer, A.J. Dougill (2012), Jatropha curcas: Sowing local seeds of success in Malawi? In response to Achten et al. (2010).', 'J.C. Dyer, L.C. Stringer, A.J. Dougill, Jatropha curcas: Sowing local seeds of success in Malawi? In response to Achten et al. (2010)(2012).', 'J.C. Dyer, L.C. Stringer, A.J. Dougill (2012), Jatropha curcas: Sowing local seeds of success in Malawi? In response to Achten et al. (2010).', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 25, 3),
(380, 'DYNAMICS OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN BRICS COUNTRIES', 'Adebayo Augustine Kutu and Harold Ngalawa', '2016', 'Journals', '', '70437', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper investigates the long run and short run dynamics between industrial production and factors affecting production in the Emerging Market Economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). Using the Chudik and Pesaran (2013) P-ARDL model and monthly data from 1994:01 – 2013:12, the study finds evidence of a cointegrating relationship between industrial production and selected variables. It is further observed that capital, labour, per capita income and exports have a positive long run impact on industrial production in the BRICS. A currency appreciation (an increase in the exchange rate), however, has a negative impact on industrial production. In the short run, it is found that imports, exports, exchange rates, labour, capital and per capita income significantly affect industrial production.\r\nKeywords: Dynamics of Industrial Production, BRICS countries, P-ARDL', 'Adebayo Augustine Kutu and Harold Ngalawa (2016), DYNAMICS OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN BRICS COUNTRIES.', 'Adebayo Augustine Kutu and Harold Ngalawa, DYNAMICS OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN BRICS COUNTRIES(2016).', 'Adebayo Augustine Kutu and Harold Ngalawa (2016), DYNAMICS OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN BRICS COUNTRIES.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 31, 3),
(381, 'The Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Malawi: Implications for Agricultural Policy', 'Tsitsi Makombe, Paul Lewin, and Monica Fisher', '2010', 'Journals', '', '14230', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Achieving food security is high on the agenda of the Malawi government. Notably, Malawi’s Growth\r\nand Development Strategy (MGDS) recognizes that food security is a prerequisite for sustained\r\neconomic growth and poverty reduction. However, a good understanding of the determinants of food\r\ninsecurity is required to inform and guide the design and execution of effective and well-targeted\r\npolicy interventions. A recent study by Lewin and Fisher (2010) addressed this issue by examining\r\nhow socio-economic characteristics of households, local conditions, and current agricultural policies\r\ninfluence the likelihood that a farm household in rural Malawi is food insecure. This policy brief\r\nhighlights key findings of the study.', 'Tsitsi Makombe, Paul Lewin, and Monica Fisher (2010), The Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Malawi: Implications for Agricultural Policy.', 'Tsitsi Makombe, Paul Lewin, and Monica Fisher, The Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Malawi: Implications for Agricultural Policy(2010).', 'Tsitsi Makombe, Paul Lewin, and Monica Fisher (2010), The Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Malawi: Implications for Agricultural Policy.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 31, 3),
(382, 'Curse or Cure? The Relationship Between Food Aid and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Cases of Mozambique and Kenya', 'Landi Ehlers', '2019', 'Journals', '', '67093', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Hunger is one of the greatest problems facing the global population. The reality is a situation of desperation, tragically in the midst of global, aggregate surplus. Global food production is increasing at a higher rate than global population growth, yet the number of people suffering from chronic hunger is rising. This seemingly contradictory fact is a consequence of severe food insecurity. Donors provide food aid to food insecure states as an ostensible act of humanitarianism. However, critics argue that food aid donations hold ulterior motives, which are favourable to donors, but condemn food insecure recipients to their desperate circumstances. This debate, calling into question the motivations and effectiveness of food aid, remains unsettled in the literature as well as in practice. The world can no longer risk the implementation of possibly ineffective or detrimental measures in response to food insecurity. This study investigates the purported relationship between food aid and food security. It considers the different arguments within this debate and ultimately determines how valid these arguments are in a Sub-Saharan African context, specifically in the cases of Kenya and Mozambique. The Human Security approach, the Capabilities Approach, as well as Theories of Dependency are deployed as analytical tools according to which a framework of analysis is constructed and applied to both case studies. Along with insight gained from interviewed experts, this study is able to conclude that the relationship between food aid and food security in sub-Saharan Africa, specifically the cases of Kenya and Mozambique, is not directly relational. Positive arguments in the debate regarding food aid and food security are not valid in the cases of Kenya and Mozambique, while the negative arguments of dependency and underdevelopment are much more likely to be realised. Both countries receive predominantly emergency food aid, the alternative to which may often be destitution. It is thus neither helpful nor realistic to suggest that food aid provision should be halted due to its negative consequences. This study concludes that although the provision of emergency food aid seems a necessary evil, it should no longer be considered a method of sustainably increasing recipients’ food security. The findings of this study may assist in the development of more effective practices regarding food aid and food security. By addressing the root causes of food insecurity, and enabling food aid dependant countries to recognise their weaknesses, positive and sustainable development may be promoted, which may in turn improve food security and lower the necessity of, and dependency on, food aid.', 'Landi Ehlers (2019), Curse or Cure? The Relationship Between Food Aid and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Cases of Mozambique and Kenya.', 'Landi Ehlers, Curse or Cure? The Relationship Between Food Aid and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Cases of Mozambique and Kenya(2019).', 'Landi Ehlers (2019), Curse or Cure? The Relationship Between Food Aid and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Cases of Mozambique and Kenya.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 42, 3),
(383, 'Does Education Enhance Productivity in Smallholder Agriculture? Causal Evidence from Malawi.', 'Thomas Ferreira', 'Unknown', 'Dissertations', '', '83076', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Malawi is a low-income country where the majority of the population live and work in subsistence\r\nagriculture. In this setting, it is important to understand the effect of education – which is\r\ngenerally considered as a pathway out of poverty – on people’s livelihoods. The effect of education\r\non subsistence agricultural production has been estimated in many different settings but no studies\r\nhave dealt with the endogenous nature of education in the production process. This paper contributes\r\nto the literature by estimating the causal effect of education on subsistence agricultural productivity\r\nin Malawi. To estimate the causal effect of education in agricultural production, a two-stage least\r\nsquares approach is used, using the introduction of free primary education and the age of paternal\r\norphanhood as two instrumental variables (IV) for education. The causal effect of education on the\r\nearnings of the employed is also estimated to gain a deeper understanding of the role that education\r\nplays in rural Malawi. This paper finds that there are positive returns to education in agricultural\r\nproductivity, specifically in maize production and, the total value of all produce. Returns to education\r\nare higher in the earnings sector though. An interpretation of the results as a local average\r\ntreatment effect suggests free primary education attracted students with lower returns to education\r\nwhile paternal orphanhood caused students with higher returns to exit school.', 'Thomas Ferreira (Unknown), Does Education Enhance Productivity in Smallholder Agriculture? Causal Evidence from Malawi..', 'Thomas Ferreira, Does Education Enhance Productivity in Smallholder Agriculture? Causal Evidence from Malawi.(Unknown).', 'Thomas Ferreira (Unknown), Does Education Enhance Productivity in Smallholder Agriculture? Causal Evidence from Malawi..', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 37, 3),
(384, 'Agroecological practices supporting food production and reducing food insecurity in developing countries', 'Paracchini M.L., Justes E., Wezel A., Zingari P.C., Kahane R., Madsen S., Scopel E., Héraut A. Bhérer- Breton P., Buckley R., Colbert E., Kapalla D., Sorge M., Adu Asieduwaa G., Bezner Kerr R., Maes O', '2020', 'Public Reports', '', '60682', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This report represents the initial effort to structure existing knowledge about agroecology as farming and food\r\nsystem in support of the EC Knowledge Centre on Food and Nutrition Security\r\n(https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/global-food-nutrition-security_en). Scientific literature has been\r\nscreened on a selection of developing countries in which food and nutrition security and sustainable agriculture\r\nrepresent a focal sector for EU intervention (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cuba, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guatemala, Kenya, Lao\r\nPDR, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Nicaragua, Niger, Senegal, Tanzania, Togo, Zimbabwe). In total, 172 documents\r\nhave been synthesised, a country brief has been prepared for each investigated country, and some general\r\nconclusions have been drawn.\r\nOverall, the majority of analysed publications focuses on small scale, extensive farming systems that produce\r\nfood at subsistence levels and for sale on local markets. This includes smallholder farming producing staple\r\ncrops (millet, sorghum, yam, etc.) or vegetable gardening for local markets. The agroecological practices that\r\nare mostly studied are: agroforestry, intercropping (or mixed cropping), introduction of legumes in rotations, soil\r\nand water conservation practices (mulching, return of crop residues, zaï holes etc.), use of animal manure,\r\nbiocontrol methods to mitigate chemical pesticide use.\r\nAt least 50% of the analysed papers report a positive contribution of agroecological practices to food security,\r\nmostly due to improved yields and/or a better economic situation of producers. The improvement of soil quality\r\nis key to improve yields and consequently income and food security; this can be achieved using various practices\r\nincluding the use of residue mulch from tree leaves in agroforestry, as well as crop mixtures or intercropping\r\nand longer more diversified crop rotations. Moreover, higher on-farm crop species diversity often results in more\r\ndiversified diets. Diversified crop systems, including the introduction of agroforestry, improve household\r\nnutritional status and have positive links to better health conditions. On the other hand, the lack of access to\r\ninputs is an important limitation to the improvement of soil fertility (manure, mineral fertilizer, leaf litter, etc.),\r\nwhich remains a major hindrance for food security.\r\nThe agroecological cultivation of cash crops, post-harvest practices and crop-livestock integration were overall\r\nlacking in the scientific analyses, as well as the assessments of fully agroecological systems compared to\r\nindividual agroecological practices or groups of practices.\r\nThe report identifies three factors required for the substantial development of agroecology at the farm level:\r\nmore financial support from the government, greater scientific knowledge on novel agroecological practices,\r\nand a higher market value for agroecological products.', 'Paracchini M.L., Justes E., Wezel A., Zingari P.C., Kahane R., Madsen S., Scopel E., Héraut A. Bhérer- Breton P., Buckley R., Colbert E., Kapalla D., Sorge M., Adu Asieduwaa G., Bezner Kerr R., Maes O., Negre T. (2020), Agroecological practices supporting food production and reducing food insecurity in developing countries.', 'Paracchini M.L., Justes E., Wezel A., Zingari P.C., Kahane R., Madsen S., Scopel E., Héraut A. Bhérer- Breton P., Buckley R., Colbert E., Kapalla D., Sorge M., Adu Asieduwaa G., Bezner Kerr R., Maes O., Negre T., Agroecological practices supporting food production and reducing food insecurity in developing countries(2020).', 'Paracchini M.L., Justes E., Wezel A., Zingari P.C., Kahane R., Madsen S., Scopel E., Héraut A. Bhérer- Breton P., Buckley R., Colbert E., Kapalla D., Sorge M., Adu Asieduwaa G., Bezner Kerr R., Maes O., Negre T. (2020), Agroecological practices supporting food production and reducing food insecurity in developing countries.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 5, 23, 3),
(385, 'Exploring Corporate Social Responsibility and its Relationship with Corporate Performance in Malawi', 'Charles Mwatsika and Alfred Chitulu', '2016', 'Journals', '', '67989', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Corporate social responsibility (CSR) continues to be debated upon by scholars and business practitioners. The study assessed the prevalence of CSR in Malawi and its relationship with financial performance of firms. 100 respondents being officers, managers and directors of 40 firms from 10 private sector industries participated in the study in which they provided responses to a questionnaire on various aspect of CSR. Content analysis of data received reveal the prevalence of CSR programmes by organisations in Malawi with all the 40 firms surveyed involved in CSR initiatives. CSR activities are concentrated in the social and physical dimensions. The study found that CSR activities are more pronounced in health with 80 percent of firms involved, 72 percent in education, 64 percent in physical infrastructure development, 56 percent in environmental conservation and 32 percent in girl child and orphanage support. None of the surveyed firms focused on CSR activities in supply chain, customer and/or employee relations dimensions. The main reasons for engaging in CSR activities were to give back to the community with 93 percent of the surveyed firms and 86 percent considering CSR as part of a marketing strategy to gain publicity and build corporate image. The study further found that managers of firms surveyed perceived that there was no relationship between the CSR activities their firms engaged in and the firms’ financial performances despite a smaller percentage of respondents acknowledging the effect CSR activities had in increasing operating costs of their firms.\r\nKey words: Corporate Responsibility, Corporate Citizenship And Corporate Performance.', 'Charles Mwatsika and Alfred Chitulu (2016), Exploring Corporate Social Responsibility and its Relationship with Corporate Performance in Malawi.', 'Charles Mwatsika and Alfred Chitulu, Exploring Corporate Social Responsibility and its Relationship with Corporate Performance in Malawi(2016).', 'Charles Mwatsika and Alfred Chitulu (2016), Exploring Corporate Social Responsibility and its Relationship with Corporate Performance in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 40, 3),
(386, 'Extending social security in developing countries: a review of three main strategies', 'Einar Overbye', '2005', 'Journals', '', '53983', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The article discusses strategies to extend social security coverage\r\nin developing and newly industrialised countries. The three\r\nmajor options are to\r\nextend social insurance coverage\r\n, to rely\r\non\r\nmutuals or micro-insurance\r\nor to bring in\r\nsocial assistance\r\nin one form or another. Social insurance usually covers small\r\npopulation segments. Insiders are seldom willing to extend\r\ncoverage to poorer groups, as poorer groups are usually higherrisk\r\ngroups. Micro-insurance and mutual societies work primarily\r\namong people with similar risk profiles. Discretionary\r\nsocial assistance targets poorer groups, but is open to\r\npatronage and misuse. However, some social assistance\r\ndesigns are less open to misuse than others. Demogrants, i.e.\r\nbenefits given to people in vulnerable social categories, are\r\neasy to administer and difficult to misuse. Whether or not a\r\ndeveloping country provides such benefits can be considered\r\nan indicator of the willingness of the ruling elite to alleviate\r\nhardship among ‘unproductive’ population groups.', 'Einar Overbye (2005), Extending social security in developing countries: a review of three main strategies.', 'Einar Overbye, Extending social security in developing countries: a review of three main strategies(2005).', 'Einar Overbye (2005), Extending social security in developing countries: a review of three main strategies.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 30, 3),
(387, 'Social Protection for Agricultural Growth in Africa', 'Stephen Devereux', '2009', 'Public Reports', '', '51269', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Various explanations have been advanced for the persistent\r\nunder‑performance of agriculture in many African\r\ncountries, where smallholder farming is still the dominant\r\nlivelihood activity and the main source of employment,\r\nfood and income. Some of the oldest arguments\r\nremain the most compelling. African farmers face harsh\r\nagro‑ecologies and erratic weather, characterised by\r\nlow soil fertility, recurrent droughts and/or floods,\r\nand increasingly unpredictable weather patterns associated\r\nwith climate change. Vulnerability to shocks is\r\ncompounded by infrastructure deficits (roads and transport\r\nnetworks, telecommunications, potable water and\r\nirrigation) that keep poor communities poor and vulnerable,\r\nas testified by the phenomenon observed during\r\nlivelihood crises of steep food price gradients from\r\nisolated rural villages to densely settled urban centres.\r\nAfrican farmers have also been inadequately protected\r\nagainst the forces of globalisation and adverse international\r\nterms of trade – for instance, Western farmers and\r\nmarkets are heavily protected in ways that African farmers\r\nand markets are not.\r\nFinally, African agriculture has been the subject of\r\nnumerous experiments – strategies, policies,\r\nprogrammes and projects – from ‘Integrated Rural\r\nDevelopment Programmes’ (IRDPs) in the 1960s to\r\n‘Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers’ (PRSPs) in the 1990s.\r\nPerhaps the most significant intervention of the last\r\nhalf‑century was agricultural liberalisation, promoted\r\nunder the ‘structural adjustment’ reform umbrella during\r\nthe 1980s and 1990s.', 'Stephen Devereux (2009), Social Protection for Agricultural Growth in Africa.', 'Stephen Devereux, Social Protection for Agricultural Growth in Africa(2009).', 'Stephen Devereux (2009), Social Protection for Agricultural Growth in Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 5, 19, 3),
(388, 'Seeds and Subsidies: The Political Economy of Input Programmes in Malawi', 'Blessings Chinsinga', '2010', 'Public Reports', '', '84432', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This FAC Working Paper is part of the first phase of a collaborative\r\nresearch project of the Science, Technology and\r\nInnovation (STI) Theme of the Future Agricultures\r\nConsortium (FAC). It was funded through a grant from\r\nthe UK Department for International Development\r\n(DFID). The project explored the political economy of\r\ncereal seed systems across five distinct country contexts\r\n– Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Ghana and Zimbabwe – during\r\n2009-10. The evolution of seed research and development\r\nprogrammes and processes has varied greatly\r\nacross these countries. In each case, a unique set of public\r\nand private actors and interests has been involved in\r\ndefining priorities in seed policy and implementing projects,\r\neach seeking to influence those agendas to their\r\nadvantage. Moreover, each country has a different reliance\r\non ‘modern’ hybrid (or sometimes biotech) varieties\r\nand associated R&D and supply systems and an independent\r\ninformal sector, involving networks of farmer\r\nexperimenters and seed bulkers and suppliers, with\r\nvarying degrees of capacity.\r\nAs calls for a ‘Uniquely African Green Revolution’ gain\r\nmomentum, the focus on seeds and seed systems is rising\r\nup the agricultural policy agenda. Much of the debate\r\nstresses the technological or market dimensions, with\r\nsubstantial investments being made in seed improvement\r\nand the development of both public and private\r\nsector delivery systems. But there is currently much less\r\nemphasis on the wider policy dimensions – and particularly\r\nthe political economy of policymaking in these\r\ndiverse agricultural contexts.\r\nExperience tells us it is these factors that often make\r\nor break even the best designed and most well intentioned\r\nintervention. And since investment in seed\r\nimprovement and supply was last emphasised as a major\r\npriority in agriculture (in the 1970s and 80s), contexts\r\nhave changed dramatically. The collapse of national\r\npublic sector breeding systems has been dramatic, and\r\nthis has only partially been compensated for by the selective\r\nentry of the private sector. Large multinational seed\r\nand agricultural supply companies are increasingly dominating\r\nthe global scene, and there are many claims made\r\nabout the promises of new technologies (notably transgenics)\r\ntransforming the seed sector through a technological\r\nrevolution. While informal breeding and seed\r\nsupply systems continue to exist, and indeed have been\r\nextensively supported through NGOs and other civil\r\nsociety groups, they are often under pressure, as drought,\r\ncorruption and conflict take their toll and economic\r\ntransformation and livelihood change continues apace,\r\nor they are ignored or excluded from policy circles.\r\nThe focus on cereal seed systems allowed this project\r\nto concentrate on a similar set of crops across the five\r\nstudy countries with a key influence on food security at\r\nhousehold and national levels. Given the political reverberations\r\nof the ‘food crisis’ of 2007-08, this enabled\r\ntimely analysis of the implications of the policy processes\r\nshaping the breeding, production, marketing and distribution\r\nof cereal seeds. As this FAC Working Paper shows,\r\nwhether grown for local subsistence or traded commercially,\r\nthe significance of cereal crops to national politics\r\n(and therefore arguments about food security and sovereignty),\r\ncommercial interests and local livelihoods is\r\nprofound.\r\nTo gain clear insights into the policy actors, networks,\r\ninterests and narratives at play, this project sought to\r\ntest the hypothesis that contrasting politics and different\r\nconfigurations of interests will affect the way cereal seed\r\nsystems operate and shape how a ‘New Green Revolution’\r\nwill ultimately play out. As such, the five country studies\r\nanalysed their respective national seed policy processes\r\nby asking:\r\n•• How do seed policies get created, and by whom?\r\n•• How do ideas about what makes a ‘good seed policy’\r\nchange over time?\r\n•• How are boundaries drawn around seed problems and\r\npolicy ‘storylines’ elaborated?\r\n••Whose voices are taken into account in the seed policy\r\nprocess? And whose are excluded?\r\n••What spaces exist for new ideas, actors and networks?\r\nHow can these be opened up?\r\nThe underlying implication in all these cases is that\r\npolitics matter and that by engaging critically with seed\r\npolicy processes, we can begin to define and then deliberate\r\namong different framings and interests to shift the\r\nfocus of the debate beyond the usual technical/market\r\nfix.\r\nJohn Thompson and Ian Scoones, Project Co-ordinators\r\n(August 2010)', 'Blessings Chinsinga (2010), Seeds and Subsidies: The Political Economy of Input Programmes in Malawi.', 'Blessings Chinsinga, Seeds and Subsidies: The Political Economy of Input Programmes in Malawi(2010).', 'Blessings Chinsinga (2010), Seeds and Subsidies: The Political Economy of Input Programmes in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 6, 22, 3),
(389, 'Factors Influencing Access to Agricultural Input Subsidy Coupons in Malawi', 'Ephraim W. Chirwa, Andrew Dorward and Mirriam Matita', '2011', 'Public Reports', '', '72693', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Since the 2005/06 agricultural season, the government\r\nof Malawi has been implementing a targeted agricultural\r\ninput subsidy programme through the provision of\r\nfertilizers and maize seeds to smallholder farmers at\r\nsubsidized prices. This paper analyses the factors that\r\ninfluence access to agricultural input subsidies in Malawi.\r\nThe results show that vulnerable households such as the\r\npoor and elderly-headed are less likely to receive fertilizer\r\ncoupons and receive less of the subsidized fertilizers.\r\nHouseholds with larger parcels of land and those who\r\nsell part of their produce (commercialized) are more likely\r\nto receive coupons and also tend to acquire more\r\nfertilizers. Use of open meetings in the allocation of\r\ncoupons tends to favour the poor and the poor receive\r\nmore fertilizer compared with other alternative ways of\r\nallocating coupons. We also find a positive relation\r\nbetween participation in other social safety nets and\r\naccess to subsidized fertilizer coupons, suggesting that\r\nhouseholds with multiple access to different types of\r\nsocial protection programmes are not excluded from the\r\ninput subsidy programme by virtue of benefiting from\r\nother social protection programmes.', 'Ephraim W. Chirwa, Andrew Dorward and Mirriam Matita (2011), Factors Influencing Access to Agricultural Input Subsidy Coupons in Malawi.', 'Ephraim W. Chirwa, Andrew Dorward and Mirriam Matita, Factors Influencing Access to Agricultural Input Subsidy Coupons in Malawi(2011).', 'Ephraim W. Chirwa, Andrew Dorward and Mirriam Matita (2011), Factors Influencing Access to Agricultural Input Subsidy Coupons in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 5, 25, 3),
(391, 'Climate Change and Agricultural Policy Processes in Malawi', 'Blessings Chinsinga,  Michael Chasukwa  and Lars Otto Naess', '2012', 'Public Reports', '', '60597', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper explores climate change – agriculture\r\ndebates in Malawi in view of the increasing interest and\r\nfunding pledges for the agricultural sector in a changing\r\nclimate. While there is increasing evidence of how climate\r\nchange may affect Malawian agricultural systems, and\r\na growing body of literature on possible response\r\nstrategies, less is known about how priorities are made,\r\nby whom and with what outcomes. This matters because\r\nclimate-related funding can be a major factor for how\r\nthe agricultural sector develops, in Malawi as in other\r\ncountries across Africa.\r\nThis paper is the first of its kind to analyse policy\r\ndiscussions on climate change and agriculture in the\r\ncountry. The primary focus is the national level, but some\r\nof the implications of national debates at sub-national\r\nlevels, and the questions they raise, are also discussed.\r\nThe paper shows how the climate change-agriculture\r\ndebate at national levels is largely framed as an issue of\r\nmanaging the additional risks on agricultural production\r\nsystems. The two dominant narratives in Malawi centre\r\non, first, the need to make agriculture robust in the face\r\nof climate change, and second, to consider agriculture\r\nas part of a broader development focus. Implications of\r\nthese narratives are discussed in the case of four\r\nstrategies, namely conservation agriculture, droughtresistant\r\nvarieties, agroforestry, and index-based weather\r\ninsurance.\r\nThe paper argues that key factors to understand policy\r\nprocesses and their outcomes in Malawi include the\r\nstruggle for leadership and coordination among key\r\ngovernment actors, the government’s attachment to the\r\nsubsidy programme, and donors’ strong influence on\r\nthe policy agenda as well as actual strategies. The paper\r\nshows that current debates create a situation with\r\nincoherent policy responses, reducing the likelihood of\r\nachieving policy goals for either agricultural development\r\nor climate change. Important challenges thus remain in\r\nintegration of policy goals across the two areas that work\r\nin synergy rather than undermine each other.', 'Blessings Chinsinga,  Michael Chasukwa  and Lars Otto Naess (2012), Climate Change and Agricultural Policy Processes in Malawi.', 'Blessings Chinsinga,  Michael Chasukwa  and Lars Otto Naess, Climate Change and Agricultural Policy Processes in Malawi(2012).', 'Blessings Chinsinga,  Michael Chasukwa  and Lars Otto Naess (2012), Climate Change and Agricultural Policy Processes in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 5, 21, 3),
(392, 'Factors Affecting the Performance of Agricultural Project from the Perspectives of Agriculture Extension Workers -A Case Study of Malawi -', 'Hawonga Tuchitechi and Misook Lee', '2018', 'Journals', '', '47406', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This study aims to identify the factors influencing the perofrmance of agricultural projects for small farmers in Malawi.\r\nThis cross-sectional study was conducted to discover the factors behind the slow performance of agricultural projects\r\nin alleviating poverty. The research was conducted in the Karonga and Phalombe Districts in the northern and southern\r\nparts of Malawi, respectively. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire survey administered\r\nto 82 agriculture extension workers, and a multiple regression analysis was conducted. The results indicated that\r\nfarmers’ socioeconomic factors, including high illiteracy and poverty rates, poor participation regarding project im -\r\nplementation, and high dependency syndrome, significantly affected the performance of agricultural projects. Within\r\nthe projects themselves, this study discovered that there was no consistent flow of funds. This greatly affected the\r\nschedule of project activities, thereby compromising performance. The study recommends that the government and\r\nall relevant stakeholders work jointly to alleviate poverty. It is especially important to ensure that smallholder farmers\r\nare equipped with self-help capabilities. In addition, it is critical to examine the issues of funding disbursement.\r\n이 연구의 목적은 빈곤 완화를 위한 농업프로젝트의 저조한 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하는 것이다. 연구대상\r\n지역은 말라위 북부 및 남부 지역의 Karonga 와 Phalombe 지역이며, 82명의 농촌지도사를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였\r\n다. 분석을 위한 변수는 농민의 사회경제적 요인, 정부 요인, 프로젝트 관리자 요인으로 구분하였으며, SPSS를 사용하여\r\n회귀분석을 시행하였다. 분석결과 농민의 사회경제적 요인에서는 농민의 문맹률, 높은 빈곤율, 프로젝트의 낮은 참여율,\r\n그리고 농민의 외부 의존 증후군이 저조한 농업 프로젝트의 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 프로젝트 자체\r\n요인으로는 지속적인 자금 흐름과 지원의 부재가 유효한 요인으로 나타났다. 따라서 효과적인 농업프로젝트의 성과달성을\r\n위해서는 정부와 이해 관계자들이 농민들에게 자조정신을 심어주어야 하며, 자금지원에 대하여 검토하여야 할 것이다.\r\n이를 통해 사업의 높은 성과는 직접적인 농민의 빈곤완화로 이어질 수 있을 것이다.\r\n주요어: 말라위, 농업프로젝트, 주민참여, 성과, 농촌개발', 'Hawonga Tuchitechi and Misook Lee (2018), Factors Affecting the Performance of Agricultural Project from the Perspectives of Agriculture Extension Workers -A Case Study of Malawi -.', 'Hawonga Tuchitechi and Misook Lee, Factors Affecting the Performance of Agricultural Project from the Perspectives of Agriculture Extension Workers -A Case Study of Malawi -(2018).', 'Hawonga Tuchitechi and Misook Lee (2018), Factors Affecting the Performance of Agricultural Project from the Perspectives of Agriculture Extension Workers -A Case Study of Malawi -.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 28, 3),
(393, 'Scaling up Agroforestry to Achieve Food Security and Environmental Protection among Smallholder Farmers in Malawi', 'T.L. Beedy, O.C. Ajayi, G.W. Sileshi, G. Kundhlande, G. Chiundu and A.J. Simons', '2013', 'Journals', '', '88185', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Malawi is a land-locked country in southern Africa. Three-fourths of Malawi’s 13 million people rely\r\non smallholder agriculture for their livelihoods. Increasing population, accelerating deforestation, poor soil and\r\nwater management, and increasing poverty and land degradation directly impact the food security and human\r\nhealth of millions of Malawians. Cropping systems which combine cereal crops, agroforestry and small doses of\r\ninorganic fertilizers produce food-crop yields greater than inorganic fertilizers alone on degraded soils, as well as\r\nrecuperating soil nutrients over a period of years. These agroforestry practices improve the livelihoods of farm\r\nfamilies, lower risks associated with fertilizer price increases and drought and at the same time improve biodiversity\r\nand nutrient and water cycling in the agro-ecosystem. The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) has a long\r\nhistory of agroforestry research and development in Malawi dating back to the 1980s. In 2007-2011, ICRAF\r\nimplemented the Malawi Agroforestry Food Security Project (AFSP) through inancial support from Irish Aid.\r\nICRAF’s task in AFSP was to build a strong partnership to reach 200,000 farming families in 11 districts. The\r\npurpose of AFSP was to combine tested agroforestry practices, effective partnership and informed policies to increase\r\nfood security and income, and improve livelihood opportunities for rural communities in Malawi, through\r\naccelerated adoption of fertilizer trees, fruit trees, fodder trees and fuel-wood trees. To accomplish these purposes,\r\nICRAF provided the farming communities with planting material (tree seeds and seedlings), and the knowledge\r\nof how to care for them and effectively combine them with food crops. The beneiciaries of the project saw increases\r\nin household food security and nutrition. However, dificulties were encountered in transporting tree\r\nseeds and seedlings across eleven districts in a timely fashion, and in managing the low of reporting and disbursements\r\nof funding among such a large group of collaborators. Several solutions were implemented which improved\r\nperformance in these areas, and which allowed the group to reach very near the targeted number of\r\nparticipants, and to plan for a second phase of the project.\r\nKeywords. Agroforestry, food security, Malawi, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), development partners,\r\nsoil degradation', 'T.L. Beedy, O.C. Ajayi, G.W. Sileshi, G. Kundhlande, G. Chiundu and A.J. Simons (2013), Scaling up Agroforestry to Achieve Food Security and Environmental Protection among Smallholder Farmers in Malawi.', 'T.L. Beedy, O.C. Ajayi, G.W. Sileshi, G. Kundhlande, G. Chiundu and A.J. Simons, Scaling up Agroforestry to Achieve Food Security and Environmental Protection among Smallholder Farmers in Malawi(2013).', 'T.L. Beedy, O.C. Ajayi, G.W. Sileshi, G. Kundhlande, G. Chiundu and A.J. Simons (2013), Scaling up Agroforestry to Achieve Food Security and Environmental Protection among Smallholder Farmers in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 27, 3),
(394, 'FARM-LEVEL ECONOMICS OF TOBACCO PRODUCTION IN MALAWI', 'Jeffrey Drope, Ph.D Donald Makoka, Ph.D Raphael Lencucha, Ph.D Adriana Appau', '2016', 'Public Reports', '', '52263', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The Centre for Agricultural Research and Development (CARD) of the Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR) is implementing a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded project entitled, Building Research and Capacity on the Economic Policy – Tobacco Control Nexus in Africa. The multi-country project is being implemented in Kenya, Malawi and Zambia and involves partnerships among CARD, the University of Zambia, the International Institute for Legislative Affairs (ILA-Kenya), the University of Ottawa (Canada), McGill University (Canada), and the American Cancer Society (USA). The primary objective of this project is to understand the political and economic factors that contribute to tobacco production and control. Tobacco is a unique crop. On the one hand decades of research has confirmed that tobacco consumption is entirely detrimental to human health, while on the other tobacco continues to be a lucrative economic commodity for some. From a policy perspective there is a global movement by governments to control the marketing, sale, price, packaging and other aspects of tobacco products while within the same governments there is often ambivalence to or outright dismissal of the health risk of tobacco consumption as officials privilege policies that support tobacco production. The policies that support tobacco production are often founded on the belief that tobacco is an important crop for economic development. Malawi is a country that has relied and continues to rely heavily on tobacco production. Malawi’s economic ties to tobacco production fall in two broad categories. The first pertains to the relationship between tobacco production and country-level economic factors such as foreign exchange earnings and direct and indirect economic effects of tobacco industry investment. The second category involves the relationship between tobacco production and the economic livelihoods of tobacco growers. It is this second category that is the focus of this report. There is a common narrative promoted by tobacco interests that tobacco control will result in economic hardship for farmers who rely on this crop. Governments of many tobacco-producing countries also continue to claim that tobacco control hurts farmers’ livelihoods. Despite the widely purported claim that tobacco farmers benefit economically from tobacco growing and are detrimentally affected by tobacco control at the national and international level, the empirical research to support this assertion is scarce. Empirical evidence systematically elucidating the nature of tobacco farmers’ individual-level livelihoods in Africa is scarce.', 'Jeffrey Drope, Ph.D Donald Makoka, Ph.D Raphael Lencucha, Ph.D Adriana Appau (2016), FARM-LEVEL ECONOMICS OF TOBACCO PRODUCTION IN MALAWI.', 'Jeffrey Drope, Ph.D Donald Makoka, Ph.D Raphael Lencucha, Ph.D Adriana Appau, FARM-LEVEL ECONOMICS OF TOBACCO PRODUCTION IN MALAWI(2016).', 'Jeffrey Drope, Ph.D Donald Makoka, Ph.D Raphael Lencucha, Ph.D Adriana Appau (2016), FARM-LEVEL ECONOMICS OF TOBACCO PRODUCTION IN MALAWI.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 3, 20, 3),
(395, 'Effects of Economic and Trade Policy Reforms on Food Security in Malawi', 'Ephraim W. Chirwa', '2004', 'Public Reports', '', '73744', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Since 1981 Malawi has implemented several economic and trade policy\r\nreforms under the structural adjustment programmes following an economic crisis\r\nbetween 1979 and 1980. Most of the policies targeted the agricultural sector including\r\nderegulation of agricultural marketing activities, removal of fertilizer subsidies,\r\ndevaluation of currency, liberalisation of agricultural prices and liberalisation of special\r\ncrop production. However, despite the long experience of economic reforms there is no\r\nevidence to suggest that household food security has improved during the period of\r\nreforms.', 'Ephraim W. Chirwa (2004), Effects of Economic and Trade Policy Reforms on Food Security in Malawi.', 'Ephraim W. Chirwa, Effects of Economic and Trade Policy Reforms on Food Security in Malawi(2004).', 'Ephraim W. Chirwa (2004), Effects of Economic and Trade Policy Reforms on Food Security in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 25, 3),
(396, 'Toward a Typology of Food Security in Developing Countries', 'Bingxin Yu, Liangzhi You and Shenggen Fan', '2010', 'Public Reports', '', '57168', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The recent global food and financial crises have reversed the last decade’s progress in reducing hunger and poverty. This paper conducts a factor and sequential typology analysis to identify groups of countries categorized according to five measures of food security—consumption, production, imports, distribution, and agricultural potential—by using indicators from 175 countries. The analysis first identifies five distinct food security groups, characterized by food intake, and then further splits these groups based on the various measures of food production, trade security, and agricultural potential. The results suggest that the general category of “developing countries” is extremely heterogeneous and is not particularly useful if the focus is on issues of food security. The results also indicate that different responses are needed by different types of food-insecure countries to address the food and financial crises.\r\nKey Words: food security, typology, agricultural potential, factor analysis', 'Bingxin Yu, Liangzhi You and Shenggen Fan (2010), Toward a Typology of Food Security in Developing Countries.', 'Bingxin Yu, Liangzhi You and Shenggen Fan, Toward a Typology of Food Security in Developing Countries(2010).', 'Bingxin Yu, Liangzhi You and Shenggen Fan (2010), Toward a Typology of Food Security in Developing Countries.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 2, 12, 3);
INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(397, 'Formal and Informal Social Protection in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Complex Welfare Mix to Achieve Poverty and Inequality Reduction', 'Rika Verpoorten and Gert Verschraegen', '2008', 'Public Reports', '', '88198', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'In the last years, social policy has been rediscovered and reappraised as a important tool to address\r\npoverty and social inequality in development contexts. After decades of structural adjustment policies\r\nand cutting back of national social programmes, international organizations such as the World Bank,\r\nthe ILO and UNDP increasingly recognize social protection as a main contributor to social cohesion\r\nand development. However, there are few studies that systematically analyse the link between formal\r\nand informal social protection mechanisms in developing countries and their contribution to the social\r\nprotection level of the population. In this article we analyse the interplay between formal and informal\r\nsocial protection institutions and their contribution to the shaping of the welfare mix of sub-Saharan\r\nAfrican countries. We look at the wide range of social protection mechanisms available in sub-Saharan\r\ncountries, namely formal social security arrangements, the provision of basic social goods and\r\ninformal, community- and family-based social protection mechanisms. In analysing their strengths and\r\nweaknesses, we assess how these different mechanisms can complement each other and can\r\ncontribute to the overall level of social protection of the population. Our analysis illustrates that,\r\nalthough each of the discussed mechanisms has its pitfalls, they largely complement each other and in\r\nthis way are able to protect the livelihoods of the major part of the population. Furthermore, we argue\r\nthat the sub-Saharan African welfare mix not only is characterized by the interplay between formal\r\nand informal mechanisms, but also by the interplay between different actors (e.g. the government,\r\ninternational organizations, NGO’s, communities, family, etc.). This intensive collaboration is needed to\r\nsafeguard the effectiveness and efficiency of the available social protection mechanisms. Only a\r\nfruitful interplay between these actors and different forms of social protection mechanisms can\r\neffectively change the miserable living conditions, by which people living in the South have to cope\r\ndaily.', 'Rika Verpoorten and Gert Verschraegen (2008), Formal and Informal Social Protection in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Complex Welfare Mix to Achieve Poverty and Inequality Reduction.', 'Rika Verpoorten and Gert Verschraegen, Formal and Informal Social Protection in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Complex Welfare Mix to Achieve Poverty and Inequality Reduction(2008).', 'Rika Verpoorten and Gert Verschraegen (2008), Formal and Informal Social Protection in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Complex Welfare Mix to Achieve Poverty and Inequality Reduction.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 20, 3),
(398, 'Income Diversification in enhancing food security among rural households in nigeria', 'Muhammad Sani Muhammad', '2015', 'Dissertations', '', '86390', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Muhammad Sani Muhammad (2015), Income Diversification in enhancing food security among rural households in nigeria.', 'Muhammad Sani Muhammad, Income Diversification in enhancing food security among rural households in nigeria(2015).', 'Muhammad Sani Muhammad (2015), Income Diversification in enhancing food security among rural households in nigeria.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 32, 3),
(399, 'Feed the Future Learning Agenda Literature Review: Improving Research and Development', 'USAID', '2013', 'Public Reports', '', '48037', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'There is a rich literature on partnerships in agricultural research, which has been extensively reviewed by Horton, Prain, and Thiele (2009). In the context of international agricultural research for development, Horton et al. define partnership as “a sustained multi-organizational relationship with mutually agreed objectives and an exchange or sharing of resources or knowledge for the purpose of generating research outputs (new knowledge or technology) or fostering innovation (use of new ideas or technology) for practical ends.” This definition embraces a wide diversity of partnerships that are often complex and multilateral. It is the working definition used in this review.\r\nThe basic rationale for research organizations to enter into partnership is to combine assets and skills in ways that create synergies and enhance the potential size and probability of impacts on the ground on food security, poverty reduction, and sustainability. Thiele et al. (2011) further characterize objectives of partnerships as to: learn and jointly innovate, broker innovations, improve coordination, reduce costs, and advocate policy changes. Successful partnerships build trust, enhance understanding, define roles, and engage in joint action (Thiele et al., 2011).\r\nThe need for and potential payoffs to partnerships have increased with the complexity of science, the growing multidisciplinarity of agricultural problems, the broader institutional landscape in which R&D organizations operate, the increasing number of developmental goals (enshrined in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)), and pressure from R&D funders to deliver wider impacts in more cost-effective ways (Anderson et al., 2013; Hall, 2012).\r\nEven just considering bilateral arrangements introduces a wide range of possible partnerships. In this review, a simple typology is used, consisting of (i) partnerships among public R&D organizations, (ii) public-private partnerships, (iii) partnerships with farmers and their organizations, and (iv) partnerships with NGOs. Even within a given type of partnership there is much potential diversity. Partnerships may be for funding of R&D; accessing scientific knowledge and tools; or delivering new technologies to farmers, especially resource-poor farmers. Further, since many partnerships are multilateral and involve several types of partners, the classification of partnerships for the review is subjective, based on what seems to be the dominant partnership type.', 'USAID (2013), Feed the Future Learning Agenda Literature Review: Improving Research and Development.', 'USAID, Feed the Future Learning Agenda Literature Review: Improving Research and Development(2013).', 'USAID (2013), Feed the Future Learning Agenda Literature Review: Improving Research and Development.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 23, 3),
(400, 'Modeling rain-fed maize vulnerability to droughts using the standardized precipitation index from satellite estimated rainfall-Southern Malawi case study', 'Harikishan Jayanthi, Gregory J. Husak, Chris Funk, Tamuka Magadzire and Adams Chavula', '2013', 'Journals', '', '45644', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'During 1990s, disaster risk reduction emerged as a novel, proactive approach to\r\nmanaging risks from natural hazards. The World Bank, USAlD, and other international\r\ndonor agencies began making efforts to mainstream disaster risk reduction in countries\r\nwhose population and economies were heavily dependent on rain-fed agriculture. This\r\napproach has more significance in light of the increasing climatic hazard patterns and the\r\nclimate scenarios projected for different hazard prone countries in the world. The Famine\r\nEarly Warning System Network (FEWS NET) has been monitoring the food security issues\r\nin the sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and in Haiti. FEWS NET monitors the rainfall and moisture\r\navailability conditions with the help of NOAA RFE2 data for deriving food security status\r\nin Africa. This paper highlights the efforts in using satellite estimated rainfall inputs to\r\ndevelop drought vulnerability models in the drought prone areas in Malawi. The satellite\r\nRFE2 based SPI corresponding to the critical tasseling and silking phases (in the months\r\nof January, February, and March) were statistically regressed with drought-induced yield\r\nlosses at the district level. The analysis has shown that the drought conditions in\r\nFebruary and early March lead to most damage to maize yields in this region. The\r\ndistrict-wise vulnerabilities to drought were up scaled to obtain a regional maize\r\nvulnerability model for southern Malawi. The results would help in establishing an early\r\nmonitoring mechanism for drought impact assessment, give the decision makers\r\nadditional time to assess seasonal outcomes, and identify potential food-related hazards\r\nin Malawi.', 'Harikishan Jayanthi, Gregory J. Husak, Chris Funk, Tamuka Magadzire and Adams Chavula (2013), Modeling rain-fed maize vulnerability to droughts using the standardized precipitation index from satellite estimated rainfall-Southern Malawi case study.', 'Harikishan Jayanthi, Gregory J. Husak, Chris Funk, Tamuka Magadzire and Adams Chavula, Modeling rain-fed maize vulnerability to droughts using the standardized precipitation index from satellite estimated rainfall-Southern Malawi case study(2013).', 'Harikishan Jayanthi, Gregory J. Husak, Chris Funk, Tamuka Magadzire and Adams Chavula (2013), Modeling rain-fed maize vulnerability to droughts using the standardized precipitation index from satellite estimated rainfall-Southern Malawi case study.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 36, 3),
(401, 'Agro-forestry as a tool to sustainable development in Babati district', 'Jessica Eklund', '2009', 'Dissertations', '', '88880', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '“Recognizing the rights of local people to their indigenous knowledge and traditional use of native plants and to\r\nbenefit from commercial development of this knowledge” (Leaky et al, 2006)\r\nIn Babati district, Tanzania, agro-forestry land use system has been traditionally used for\r\nhundreds of years. It is a multi layer system with trees and/or bushes integrated with crops.\r\nThat knowledge has been extended in the district through the land management programme,\r\nLAMP. It is said to be a “win-win” system with both economic and ecologic benefits. For a\r\nland use system to be sustainable, three spheres have to incorporate to reach a balanced\r\ndevelopment; the economic sphere, the ecologic sphere and the social sphere. To achieve\r\nsustainable development, one sphere can not develop without the others. This study aims to\r\nsee if agro-forestry in Babati district balances all three spheres, if it is a proper tool toward\r\nsustainable development. It is a qualitative case study with semi-structured interviews with\r\nfarmers in Babati and one interview in Sweden. The fieldwork in Babati where held under\r\ntwo weeks, based on interviews with farmers who practice agro-forestry and farmers who do\r\nnot, and their opinion about it. The result indicates that it employs a lot of people and that the\r\neconomy among farmers in the district has improved. Most farmers say their economy is more\r\nsecure, because it is a multipurpose system and most people can adopt the technologies\r\nbecause high costs or advanced technology are not required. Farmers benefit from the\r\necosystem services provided from agro-forestry, for example water catchment and decreased\r\nsoil erosion which also improves the environment. Soils regain their fertility and the land use\r\nbecomes more resilient when trees integrate with crops. Many farmers believe the equity\r\nbetween gender has improved and that condition for women improves when fuel wood can be\r\ngathered from trees on the farm instead of walking long distances to a forest. The conclusion\r\nis that agro-forestry in Babati district fulfill more or less all three sustainability spheres and is\r\na useful tool towards sustainable development, but has not yet reached full potential, there are\r\npossibilities for improvements and to scale up for greater benefits for all three spheres.', 'Jessica Eklund (2009), Agro-forestry as a tool to sustainable development in Babati district.', 'Jessica Eklund, Agro-forestry as a tool to sustainable development in Babati district(2009).', 'Jessica Eklund (2009), Agro-forestry as a tool to sustainable development in Babati district.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 14, 32, 3),
(402, 'Planning and costing agricultural adaptation to climate change in the small-scale maize production system of Malawi', 'George Matiya, Rodney Lunduka and Margaret Sikwese', '2011', 'Public Reports', '', '25195', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Malawi has recently experienced an increased incidence of climate change-related hazards.\r\nMore droughts and floods have occurred in the last decade (2000 - 2010) than in the past\r\nthree decades before (1970 - 2000). Agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors and\r\nconsequently has suffered from the negative impacts of climate change. As a result,\r\ncommunities, NGOs and the government of Malawi are adapting (adjusting to continue\r\nderiving benefits) to the changing conditions in order for Malawian farmers and their families\r\nto survive, since their livelihoods are dependent on agriculture.\r\nThis adaptation is inevitable and will add a cost to the national economy and households. To\r\nsuccessfully calculate this there is a need for proper planning and costing of adaptation\r\nstrategies at household, community and national level. Currently, the exact costs of\r\nadaptation are not yet known hence this study was undertaken to investigate what\r\nadaptation measures are currently available in the maize subsector in Chikhwawa District in\r\nthe Lower Shire Valley of Malawi and how much it will cost at household, community and\r\nnational level to continue to carry out such activities. The calculation is based on climate\r\nprojections that are likely to happen in Chikhwawa in the next 50 years.\r\nThe study revealed that communities are already coping with climate change through a\r\nnumber of strategies including: use of early and drought-resistant varieties, irrigation\r\nsystems, selling of assets, winter cropping and diversification. Regarding climate projections,\r\nit is expected that the temperatures in Chikhwawa will increase by 3oC by 2065, which will\r\ntranslate into having more days in a month with a mean temperature of above 32oC. It is also\r\nexpected that drier conditions will prevail in the future (2046 - 2065).\r\nIn terms of costs, Chikhwawa will require about US$55,034,932 (over five years) in the\r\nmaize subsector to adapt to climate change. The results of the study suggest that\r\ncommunities and government should start planning for the subsector bearing in mind the\r\nlikely scenarios. The study recommends that research into drought-resistant varieties,\r\ninvestment in extension and training, as well as investment in irrigation should be\r\nundertaken.', 'George Matiya, Rodney Lunduka and Margaret Sikwese (2011), Planning and costing agricultural adaptation to climate change in the small-scale maize production system of Malawi.', 'George Matiya, Rodney Lunduka and Margaret Sikwese, Planning and costing agricultural adaptation to climate change in the small-scale maize production system of Malawi(2011).', 'George Matiya, Rodney Lunduka and Margaret Sikwese (2011), Planning and costing agricultural adaptation to climate change in the small-scale maize production system of Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 5, 15, 3),
(403, 'Genomics and Breeding for Climate- Resilient Crops Vol. 2 Target Traits', 'Chittaranjan Kole', '2013', 'Books', '', '33253', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Climate change is expected to enormously affect life on the Earth. It will cause\r\ndrastic changes in the environment and ecology and thus will severely impact\r\nagriculture. Therefore, it poses a serious challenge for global food security. It is\r\nexpected to cause drastic changes in agroclimatic conditions including temperature,\r\nrainfall, soil nutrients and health, and incidence of pathogens and pests leading to\r\nstriking reduction in crop yields due to global warming, water scarcity, changes of\r\nrainfall patterns resulting in increasingly frequent drought and flood, and other\r\nextreme weather events. Plant pathogens and pests may also evolve quickly with\r\nmore virulent pathotypes and biotypes and so may extend their geographical spread\r\nleading to epidemics and severity due to climate change. Furthermore, elevated\r\nCO2 levels will also reduce the nutritional quality of most crops and some crops\r\nmay even become more toxic due to changes in the chemical composition of their\r\ntissues. Climate change will also cause elevation of greenhouse gas emission. The\r\nmost grave and still unknown concern, however, involves the critical effects that\r\ninteractions among various biotic and abiotic excesses or paucities will have on\r\ncrops and cropping systems making the task of feeding a world population of nine\r\nbillion by 2050 extremely challenging.\r\nSeveral eminent scientists from different parts of the world are planning to put\r\nsignificant effort into combating or mitigating the threat to food security due to\r\nclimate change. We organized an international workshop on Climate Change\r\nduring the 20th International Conference on the Status of Plant and Animal Genome\r\nResearch (PAG conference) held during January 2012 in San Diego, California and\r\nestablished the International Climate Resilient Crop Genomics Consortium\r\n(ICRCGC) with a membership of over 30 active scientists from over ten countries\r\n(http://www.climatechangegenomics.org). Recently, many more scientists have\r\nbecome interested in this critical topic and we organized a special international\r\nworkshop on Genomics and Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops for Future Food\r\nSecurity during the 6th International Crop Science Congress held during August\r\n6–10, 2012 in Bento Goncalves, Brazil followed by a brain-storming discussion\r\nto formulate the future strategies and work plans for combating climate change.\r\nWe recently organized another two workshops on this subject in January 2013 in San Diego, California during the 21st PAG conference. ICRCGC is now preparing a\r\nwhite paper for more serious and broad dialogs to initiate international and multidisciplinary\r\nefforts to combat climate change using genetic resources and advanced\r\ngenomics and breeding tools.\r\nThe central strategy of combating climate change will obviously involve the\r\ndevelopment of climate-resilient crop cultivars with broader genome plasticity\r\nallowing wider adaptability, broader genome elasticity with potential for high\r\nresponse to phenotypic, chemotypic, and molecular selection and above all durable\r\nand robust resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, genomics and breeding\r\nfor climate-resilient crops are relatively new fields of study and research and\r\ngiven the seriousness of the threats of climate change will obviously be included in\r\ncourse curricula in academic institutes and in frontier programs of agricultural\r\nresearch organizations at national and international levels. This topic is expected\r\nto be of increasing interest to policy-makers, social activists, and both public and\r\nprivate sector agencies supporting agricultural research. There are a few critical and\r\ncomprehensive reviews on this subject and a number of publications are also\r\navailable on the assessment of the impact of climate change on agriculture and\r\nsuggested strategies to circumvent the severe effects to ensure food security. These\r\ndeliberations are, however, scattered over the pages of newspapers, newsletters,\r\njournals, and web sites. Hence, a compilation of narratives on the concepts,\r\nstrategies, tools, and related issues was felt to be lacking and this was the guiding\r\nforce behind the inception of his two-volume work on Genomics and Breeding for\r\nClimate-Resilient Crops.', 'Chittaranjan Kole (2013), Genomics and Breeding for Climate- Resilient Crops Vol. 2 Target Traits.', 'Chittaranjan Kole, Genomics and Breeding for Climate- Resilient Crops Vol. 2 Target Traits(2013).', 'Chittaranjan Kole (2013), Genomics and Breeding for Climate- Resilient Crops Vol. 2 Target Traits.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 25, 60, 3),
(404, 'Fertilizer subsidies and how targeting conditions crowding in/out: An assessment of smallholder fertilizer demand in Tanzania', 'David Mather and Isaac Minde', '2016', 'Public Reports', '', '87230', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'scale fertilizer subsidy program in Tanzania with respect to its ability to meet its stated targeting criteria and the effect of subsidy receipt on both smallholder commercial fertilizer demand and total fertilizer use. We find that the majority of subsidy recipients met the targeting criteria in practice in regards to area cultivated to maize and that few of them had used inorganic fertilizer on maize or rice in the previous five years. However, we also find that depending on the year, between 25 to 37% of households receiving a fertilizer voucher did not use it, implying that these households did not gain the experience using fertilizer on maize or rice as envisioned by NAIVS. We find that receipt of one kilogram of subsidized fertilizer has a small (0.11 kg) but significant positive effect on smallholder commercial fertilizer demand. This implies that NAIVS is the only large-scale fertilizer subsidy program in Sub-Saharan African during the 2008-2014 period that managed to avoid ‘crowding-out’ of smallholder commercial fertilizer demand at a national level, on average. When we adjust the effect of household receipt of subsidized fertilizer on total smallholder fertilizer use (given that 25 to 37% of subsidized fertilizer was not actually used by intended recipients) the adjusted effect of an extra kilogram of subsidized fertilizer on total fertilizer use in 2012/13 (2008/09) was 0.827 kg (0.697 kg).\r\nKeywords: Africa, fertilizer subsidy, smallholder agriculture', 'David Mather and Isaac Minde (2016), Fertilizer subsidies and how targeting conditions crowding in/out: An assessment of smallholder fertilizer demand in Tanzania.', 'David Mather and Isaac Minde, Fertilizer subsidies and how targeting conditions crowding in/out: An assessment of smallholder fertilizer demand in Tanzania(2016).', 'David Mather and Isaac Minde (2016), Fertilizer subsidies and how targeting conditions crowding in/out: An assessment of smallholder fertilizer demand in Tanzania.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 10, 28, 3),
(405, 'Household Food Security in Malawi: Measurements, Determinants, and Policy Review', 'Pilirani Pankomera, Nazaire Houssou, and Manfred Zeller', '2009', 'Public Reports', '', '23823', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'committed to halving its number of chronically undernourished people by 2015. To achieve this\r\ngoal, the Malawian Government enacted a number of policies, such as free distribution of\r\nagricultural inputs and fertilizer subsidy programs. However, progresses toward reducing food\r\ninsecurity have been rather mixed. Food scarcity and hunger remain a challenge in the country\r\ndue to a combination of factors, including high population growth, small land size, substituting\r\ntobacco for maize production, recurring floods and drought, as well as poor targeting of\r\ndevelopment policies (Dorward et al., 2004; Harington, 2003; Quinn et al., 1990). Recent\r\nestimates suggest that 50 percent of the Malawian population runs out of food four to six months\r\nbefore harvest and 40 percent are unable to satisfy their basic calorific needs (UNDP, 2001).\r\nTherefore, this study assesses the determinants of food security and the local perceptions of\r\ntargeted food policies in Malawi. The research seeks to achieve the following objectives: i)\r\nidentify the determinants of household food security, ii) assess the performances of Starter Pack\r\nfor fighting food insecurity, and iii) review household perceptions on targeted food policies.', 'Pilirani Pankomera, Nazaire Houssou, and Manfred Zeller (2009), Household Food Security in Malawi: Measurements, Determinants, and Policy Review.', 'Pilirani Pankomera, Nazaire Houssou, and Manfred Zeller, Household Food Security in Malawi: Measurements, Determinants, and Policy Review(2009).', 'Pilirani Pankomera, Nazaire Houssou, and Manfred Zeller (2009), Household Food Security in Malawi: Measurements, Determinants, and Policy Review.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 6, 24, 3),
(406, 'How do small-holder farmers understand insurance, and how much do they want it? Evidence from Africa', 'Anthony Patt, Pablo Suarez , and Ulrich Hess', '2010', 'Journals', '', '73125', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Innovative micro-insurance schemes can be one tool to help African small-holder farmers cope with\r\nclimate variability and change. A critical challenge for implementing such risk transfer programs,\r\nhowever, is helping participants understand how insurance operates, and there is evidence that farmers\r\nwith a poor understanding of insurance are less likely to use it. One of the proposed tools to help farmers\r\nunderstand insurance is a simulation game, through which farmers can gain first-hand experience with a\r\nfunctioning insurance market. This paper reports on the results of experiments in Ethiopia and Malawi,\r\ninvestigating farmers’ understanding and the effectiveness of a role-playing game at improving that\r\nunderstanding. Our results suggest a generally poor understanding of basic insurance concepts, and are\r\nconsistent with past results in suggesting that better understanding correlates with greater willingness\r\nto purchase it. Our results also suggest that role-playing games may be an important tool for improving\r\nunderstanding, but that they do not necessarily out-perform more conventional training practices.', 'Anthony Patt, Pablo Suarez , and Ulrich Hess (2010), How do small-holder farmers understand insurance, and how much do they want it? Evidence from Africa.', 'Anthony Patt, Pablo Suarez , and Ulrich Hess, How do small-holder farmers understand insurance, and how much do they want it? Evidence from Africa(2010).', 'Anthony Patt, Pablo Suarez , and Ulrich Hess (2010), How do small-holder farmers understand insurance, and how much do they want it? Evidence from Africa.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 41, 3),
(407, 'Climate variability, adaptation strategies and food security in Malawi', 'Solomon Asfaw, Nancy McCarthy, Leslie Lipper, Aslihan Arslan, Andrea Cattaneo and Mutie Kachulu', '2014', 'Public Reports', '', '63785', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper assesses farmers’ incentives and conditioning factors that hinder or promote adaptation strategies and evaluates its impact on crop productivity by utilizing household level data collected in 2011 from nationally representative sample households in Malawi. We distinguish between (i) exposure to climatic disruptions, (ii) bio-physical sensitivity to such disruptions, (iii) household adaptive capacity in terms of farmers’ ability to prepare and adjust to the resulting stress, and, finally, (iv) system-level adaptive capacity that serve as enabling factors for household-level adaptation. We employ a multivariate probit (MVP) and instrumental variable technique to model farming practice selection decisions and their yield impact estimates. We find that exposure to delayed onset of rainfall and greater climate variability as represented by the coefficient of variation of rainfall and temperature is positively associated with the choice of risk-reducing agricultural practices such as tree planting, legume intercropping, and soil and water conservation (SWC); however, it reduces the use of inputs (such as inorganic fertilizer) whose risk reduction benefits are uncertain. Biophysical sensitivity of plots increases the likelihood of choice of tree planting and SWC. In terms of household adaptive capacity, we find that wealthier households are more likely to adopt both modern and sustainable land management (SLM) inputs; and are more likely to adopt SLM inputs on plots under more secure tenure. In terms of system-level adaptive capacity, results show the key role of rural institutions, social capital and supply-side constraints in governing selection decisions for all practices considered, but particularly for tree planting and both organic and inorganic fertilizer. Finally for productivity, we find that on average use of both modern and SLM practices have positive and statistically significant impact on productivity of maize. For SLM practices that also respond to exposure and sensitivity, these results provide direct evidence of their potential to aide households in adapting to further climate change. Results presented have implications for understanding and overcoming barriers to selection for each practice, distinguishing structural aspects such as exposure and sensitivity from potential interventions at the household or systemic levels linked to adaptive capacity.', 'Solomon Asfaw, Nancy McCarthy, Leslie Lipper, Aslihan Arslan, Andrea Cattaneo and Mutie Kachulu (2014), Climate variability, adaptation strategies and food security in Malawi.', 'Solomon Asfaw, Nancy McCarthy, Leslie Lipper, Aslihan Arslan, Andrea Cattaneo and Mutie Kachulu, Climate variability, adaptation strategies and food security in Malawi(2014).', 'Solomon Asfaw, Nancy McCarthy, Leslie Lipper, Aslihan Arslan, Andrea Cattaneo and Mutie Kachulu (2014), Climate variability, adaptation strategies and food security in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 3, 12, 3),
(409, 'Analysing Resilience for better targeting and action-Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis - II', 'FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO)', '2016', 'Public Reports', '', '18047', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This chapter introduces the concept of resilience in the economic\r\nenvironment, starting from the idea given by Béné (2013).\r\nIt goes through the relative big literature ending up with the\r\nmost recent concept of resilience given by the Resilience\r\nMeasurement Technical Working Group. Given the latent nature of resilience,\r\nthe concept of direct (or descriptive) and indirect (or inferential) measure,\r\ndeveloped recently by the RAP team, is introduced, as well\r\nas the innovation of RIMA-II in building a bridge\r\nbetween the direct and indirect measure.', 'FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO) (2016), Analysing Resilience for better targeting and action-Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis - II.', 'FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO), Analysing Resilience for better targeting and action-Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis - II(2016).', 'FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO) (2016), Analysing Resilience for better targeting and action-Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis - II.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 4, 18, 3),
(410, 'Improving the Measurement and Analysis of African Agricultural Productivity: Promoting Complementarities between Micro and Macro Data', 'Valerie Kelly, Jane Hopkins, Thomas Reardon, and Eric Crawford', '1995', 'Public Reports', '', '14980', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper is published by the Department of Agricultural Economics and the Department of\r\nEconomics, Michigan State University (MSU). Funding for this research was provided by the\r\nFood Security II Cooperative Agreement (AEP-5459-A-00-2041-00) between Michigan State\r\nUniversity and the United States Agency for International Development, through the Office of\r\nAgriculture and Food Security in the Economic Growth Center of the Global Bureau\r\n(G/EG/AFS). Supplemental funding for this research was also provided to the FS II Cooperative\r\nAgreement by the Africa Bureau, through the Food Security and Productivity Unit of the\r\nSustainable Development Division, Productive Sector, Growth and Environment\r\n(AFR/SD/PSGE/FSP).', 'Valerie Kelly, Jane Hopkins, Thomas Reardon, and Eric Crawford (1995), Improving the Measurement and Analysis of African Agricultural Productivity: Promoting Complementarities between Micro and Macro Data.', 'Valerie Kelly, Jane Hopkins, Thomas Reardon, and Eric Crawford, Improving the Measurement and Analysis of African Agricultural Productivity: Promoting Complementarities between Micro and Macro Data(1995).', 'Valerie Kelly, Jane Hopkins, Thomas Reardon, and Eric Crawford (1995), Improving the Measurement and Analysis of African Agricultural Productivity: Promoting Complementarities between Micro and Macro Data.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 4, 15, 3),
(411, 'The Political Economy of Adaptation through Crop Diversification in Malawi', 'Blessings Chinsinga, Ronald Mangani and Peter Mvula', '', 'Journals', '', '88217', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This article demonstrates the politics of the policy processes of adaptation using the case of crop\r\ndiversification. Competing narratives among different actors illustrate the complexity of practically\r\ntranslating crop diversification in practice. The context in which policy processes take place matter a great\r\ndeal since adaptation policies’ chance of success cannot be judged abstractly in their theoretical or technical\r\nattributes without considering the institutional, political and cultural context in which they are applied. This\r\ndraws attention to the fact that policy processes are less of a linear sequence but more of a political process,\r\nunderpinned by a complex mesh of interactions and ramifications between a wide range of stakeholders\r\nwho are driven and constrained by the competing interests and contexts in which they operate.', 'Blessings Chinsinga, Ronald Mangani and Peter Mvula (), The Political Economy of Adaptation through Crop Diversification in Malawi.', 'Blessings Chinsinga, Ronald Mangani and Peter Mvula, The Political Economy of Adaptation through Crop Diversification in Malawi().', 'Blessings Chinsinga, Ronald Mangani and Peter Mvula (), The Political Economy of Adaptation through Crop Diversification in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 31, 3),
(413, 'Deconstructing the Success Myth: A Case of the Malawi Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP)', 'Blessings Chinsinga', '2012', 'Public Reports', '', '41339', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This article critically analyses the FISP to interrogate the claims that it could be the model for the rest of Africa to emulate in a bid to revive the fledging agricultural sector after years of neglect. A critical analysis reveals that the FISP is a qualified and not an absolute success as propagated in the calls for it to serve as a model for implementing smart subsidy across the continent. It further shows how the FISP has been exploited in terms of design, implementation and management to achieve political dividends while guaranteeing food security since its launch in the 2005/06 growing season. The main argument of this article is that challenging the absolute success narrative of the FISP is critical because it would enable African countries to adapt it to the uniqueness of their domestic political, economic and social realities. The main issue is that policies’ chance of success cannot be judged on their theoretical or technical attributes without considering the institutional, political and cultural context in which they are applied.', 'Blessings Chinsinga (2012), Deconstructing the Success Myth: A Case of the Malawi Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP).', 'Blessings Chinsinga, Deconstructing the Success Myth: A Case of the Malawi Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP)(2012).', 'Blessings Chinsinga (2012), Deconstructing the Success Myth: A Case of the Malawi Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP).', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 4, 24, 3),
(414, 'Impact of Development and Dissemination of Integrated Aquaculture-Agriculture (IAA) Technologies in Malawi', 'M. M. Dey, P. Kambewa, M. Prein, D. Jamu, F. J. Paraguas, D. E. Pemsl and R. M. Briones', '2006', 'Journals', '', '12244', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Malawi is a small but densely populated country in Southern Africa. Fish is an important part of\r\nthe nutrition of Malawians, providing essential protein and micronutrients. However, per capita\r\nfish consumption has halved over the ten-year period between 1988 to 1998 due to over-fishing in\r\nthe lakes and doubling of the population since the 1970s, accompanied by an increase in the price\r\nof fish. This has worsened access to food insecurity, especially in rural areas, in a country where an\r\nestimated 66 per cent of the population consume less than the minimum daily calorie requirement.\r\nThis paper presents an ex-post impact assessment of the development and dissemination of smallscale\r\nintegrated aquaculture-agriculture technologies by The WorldFish Center and its national and\r\ninternational partners over more than 15 years in Malawi. The impact study measures the effects of\r\nthese outputs on the degree of integrated aquaculture-agriculture (IAA) technology adoption and\r\ndiffusion, the effects on farm income and health of household members, and the welfare effects of\r\nincreased fish supply on the Malawian economy.', 'M. M. Dey, P. Kambewa, M. Prein, D. Jamu, F. J. Paraguas, D. E. Pemsl and R. M. Briones (2006), Impact of Development and Dissemination of Integrated Aquaculture-Agriculture (IAA) Technologies in Malawi.', 'M. M. Dey, P. Kambewa, M. Prein, D. Jamu, F. J. Paraguas, D. E. Pemsl and R. M. Briones, Impact of Development and Dissemination of Integrated Aquaculture-Agriculture (IAA) Technologies in Malawi(2006).', 'M. M. Dey, P. Kambewa, M. Prein, D. Jamu, F. J. Paraguas, D. E. Pemsl and R. M. Briones (2006), Impact of Development and Dissemination of Integrated Aquaculture-Agriculture (IAA) Technologies in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 27, 3),
(415, 'THE FOOD SECURITY POLICY CONTEXT IN BRAZIL', 'Danuta Chmielewska Darana Souza', '2011', 'Public Reports', '', '66029', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Brazil currently offers an important conceptual framework for food and nutritional security,\r\nand a relevant context of related public policy and programming. Recently, moreover, the\r\ncountry included the right to food among the social rights stipulated in its constitution. These\r\nachievements are the result of a longstanding process of public intervention and broad social\r\nmobilisation that has involved a variety of stakeholders from the government and civil society.\r\nAs far as public programming is concerned, several actions that may reflect on food and\r\nnutritional conditions were taken in Brazil throughout the twentieth century, such as the\r\nminimum wage in 1940, supply programmes, school meals and dining halls for workers\r\nin the 1950s, and food supplement programmes in the 1970s (CONSEA, 2009).\r\nNevertheless, the recent mobilisation around the concepts of food and nutritional security\r\nstarted to acquire significant national scope mainly in the 1980s. Important initiatives from this\r\nperiod include the preparation of the document ‘Food Security–Proposal for a Policy to Fight\r\nHunger’ by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1985, which offered an important technical\r\ndiscussion; and the mobilisation of the civil society that led in 1986 to the first National Food\r\nand Nutrition Conference (CNAN), which played a significant political role (CONSEA, 2009).\r\nThe following decade also saw significant progress on ideas and activities in the areas of\r\nfood and nutritional security. In 1993, civil society conducted an important awareness raising\r\ncampaign called Citizenship Action against Hunger and Poverty and for Life. The campaign\r\nfostered substantial mobilisation about hunger in Brazilian society and led to the amassing\r\nof thousands of tons of food to be distributed to the needy.\r\nThen-President Itamar Franco gave backing to the matter within government. He declared\r\nhunger an absolute political priority and assumed responsibility for implementing a proposal\r\non a National Food Security Policy.', 'Danuta Chmielewska Darana Souza (2011), THE FOOD SECURITY POLICY CONTEXT IN BRAZIL.', 'Danuta Chmielewska Darana Souza, THE FOOD SECURITY POLICY CONTEXT IN BRAZIL(2011).', 'Danuta Chmielewska Darana Souza (2011), THE FOOD SECURITY POLICY CONTEXT IN BRAZIL.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 20, 3),
(416, 'Impact of Micro-Savings on Shock Coping Strategies in Rural Malawi', 'Jose Manuel Romero and Geetha Nagarajan', '2011', 'Public Reports', '', '14200', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The majority of rural Malawians depend on agriculture for their livelihoods and experience frequent droughts, floods, and other unexpected adverse events such as illness andprice fluctuations, referred to as shocks, that lead to income and asset loss. While there is an option of doing nothing in the wake of a shock, many also tend to use several coping strategies including informal insurance, savings, loans, receiving aid and remittances, reducing consumption, and liquidating assets to at least sustain their welfare levels prior to the shocks.\r\nIn this paper, we discuss the impact of improved access to micro-savings from formal financial institutions on the ability of rural households to manage shocks ex-post to their occurrence. We use a large panel data (interviewed in 2008 and again in 2010) gathered from 2,006 randomly selected households in Central Malawi on their use of financial services, shocks, and other household characteristics in an area that experienced the introduction of the Opportunity International Bank of Malawi (OIBM). OIBM is a savings- led bank that began its operation using a mobile bank – bank on wheels - in rural central Malawi in August of 2007 and in some respects tailored its savings products to households in rural areas.\r\nWe posit that improved access to formal savings services helps households cope with adverse shocks better, and by reducing their use of sub-optimal coping behaviors such as doing nothing, depleting productive assets, and reducing consumption levels. In other words, we expect that households with higher access to and use of formal micro-savings services would show higher ability to respond to adverse shocks, instead of doing nothing, and use better coping strategies than without it.\r\nSpecifically, we examine the following:\r\n Does improved access to and take- up of OIBM savings services help households reduce their use of sub-optimal coping behaviors?\r\n Do the impacts vary by the wealth status of the households and type of shocks experienced?\r\nFor this study, we define shocks as uncommon and mostly unexpected adverse events that strike a household without much warning. We consider common and fairly expected events such as births, weddings, school graduations, and events such as funerals, which are only unpredictable in terms of timing, to be life-cycle events and not shocks. Coping mechanisms are measures taken by households to help them restore their lives as best as possible to pre-shock welfare levels.', 'Jose Manuel Romero and Geetha Nagarajan (2011), Impact of Micro-Savings on Shock Coping Strategies in Rural Malawi.', 'Jose Manuel Romero and Geetha Nagarajan, Impact of Micro-Savings on Shock Coping Strategies in Rural Malawi(2011).', 'Jose Manuel Romero and Geetha Nagarajan (2011), Impact of Micro-Savings on Shock Coping Strategies in Rural Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 4, 18, 3),
(417, 'Irrigation management transfer in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of policy implementation across scales', 'Cesario Cambaza, Jaime Hoogesteger & Gert Jan Veldwisch', '2020', 'Journals', '', '78874', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This article explores how irrigation management transfer policies\r\nwere implemented in Mali, Mozambique, Malawi and Zimbabwe. In\r\nMali and Mozambique, where the irrigation bureaucracy controlled\r\none large irrigation system, state agencies retained control over\r\nirrigation management despite reduced state funding. In Malawi\r\nand Zimbabwe, where the state irrigation systems and the irrigation\r\nbureaucracy were smaller, users have taken over irrigation management,\r\nbut are having trouble sustaining irrigated agriculture. We\r\nshow how irrigation management transfer policies were shaped by\r\nthe interplay between international donors, macro-economic\r\ndynamics, national politics and the interactions with (and the nature\r\nof) irrigation infrastructure, bureaucracies and organized users.\r\n\r\nKEYWORDS\r\nWater policy; irrigation\r\nmanagement transfer; policy\r\nimplementation; water\r\npolitics; sub-Saharan Africa', 'Cesario Cambaza, Jaime Hoogesteger & Gert Jan Veldwisch (2020), Irrigation management transfer in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of policy implementation across scales.', 'Cesario Cambaza, Jaime Hoogesteger & Gert Jan Veldwisch, Irrigation management transfer in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of policy implementation across scales(2020).', 'Cesario Cambaza, Jaime Hoogesteger & Gert Jan Veldwisch (2020), Irrigation management transfer in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of policy implementation across scales.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 9, 26, 3),
(418, 'Adaptation and the poor: development, resilience and transition', 'ANNE JERNECK, LENNART OLSSON', '2008', 'Journals', '', '25033', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Risk minimization is no longer a sufficient survival strategy for poor people in livelihood systems increasingly exposed to\r\nfrequent extreme events. This calls for comprehensive adaptation to climate change. Within the climate change regime,\r\nadaptation is as central as mitigation but needs to be much more explicitly addressed at local, national and global\r\nlevels. There is also a need for policy renewal in other international regimes that are central to adaptation, such as\r\nenvironment, human rights, development and trade. Accordingly, this article addresses poverty-relevant adaptation\r\nthrough the medium of three discourses: development, resilience, and transition theory. Development, as a post-war\r\nproject of theories, strategies and policies, spells out the links between rich and poor countries and offers modernization\r\ntrajectories but few solutions for adaptation and sustainability transitions. Resilience, as an analytical framework\r\nemerging in ecology in the 1970s in reaction to ideas of equilibrium, depicts incremental changes and capacity to\r\npreserve systems within given frames but does not recognize that social change mainly implies transitions to renewed\r\nforms of production, consumption and distribution with new combinations of organization, institutions and technology.\r\nTransition theory focuses on profound multilevel changes in complex (sub)systems, thereby offering a powerful\r\nframework for theorizing empirical findings and promoting adaptation as a transition to sustainability.\r\nKeywords: adaptation; climate change; development; insurance; poverty alleviation; resilience; transition theory\r\nMinimiser les risques n’est plus une stratégie de survie suffisante pour les personnes pauvres dans des systèmes de\r\nsubsistance de plus en plus exposés a des événements extrêmes fréquents. Cela nécessite une adaptation au\r\nchangement climatique intégrale. Dans le régime du changement climatique l’adaptation est tout aussi centrale que\r\nl’atténuation mais a besoin d’être abordée de manière plus explicite aux niveaux local, national et mondial. Il y a aussi un\r\nbesoin de renouvellement des politiques dans d’autres régimes internationaux qui sont centrales à l’adaptation, y\r\ncompris l’environnement, les droits de l’homme, le développement et le commerce. Par conséquent cet article aborde\r\nl’adaptation des pauvres à travers trois types de discours: le développement, la résilience, la théorie des transitions. Le\r\ndéveloppement, en tant que projet de théories, stratégies et politiques de l’après-guerre, révèle les liens entre les pays\r\nriches et les pays pauvres et propose des trajectoires de modernisation, mais ne propose que peu de solutions de\r\ntransitions en adaptation et durabilité. La résilience, en tant que cadre analytique écologique qui a émergé dans les\r\nannées 70 en réponse aux idées sur l’équilibre, décrit les changements par étapes et la capacité de préservation des\r\nsystèmes à l’intérieur de cadres particuliers, mais ne reconnaît pas que le changement social implique surtout une\r\ntransition vers des formes renouvellées de production, de consommation et de distribution selon de nouveaux\r\ngroupements organisationnels, institutionnels et technologiques. La théorie des transitions se concentre sur le\r\nchangement multi-niveaux profond dans des (sous)systèmes complexes offrant de ce fait un cadre puissant pour établir\r\nles données concrètes dans un cadre théorique et promouvoir l’adaptation en tant que transition vers la durabilité.\r\nMots clés: adaptation; assurance; changement climatique; développement; lutte contre la pauvreté; résilience; théorie des\r\ntransitions', 'ANNE JERNECK, LENNART OLSSON (2008), Adaptation and the poor: development, resilience and transition.', 'ANNE JERNECK, LENNART OLSSON, Adaptation and the poor: development, resilience and transition(2008).', 'ANNE JERNECK, LENNART OLSSON (2008), Adaptation and the poor: development, resilience and transition.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 18, 40, 3);
INSERT INTO `books` (`ID`, `Name`, `Author`, `Year`, `Category`, `Cite`, `File`, `Date`, `Descreption`, `APA`, `Chicago`, `Cambridge`, `Cover`, `Org`, `downlaods_count`, `citations_count`, `likes`) VALUES
(419, 'A case study of the impact of irrigation on household food security in two villages in Chingale, Malawi', 'Edna Kalima', '2008', 'Dissertations', '', '72598', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This case study investigated the impact of irrigation on household food security at Ibu and Kalizinje villages in Chingale, Malawi. The aim of the study was to investigate whether irrigation improved household food security. The study was qualitative in nature. Fifty-eight farmers and three World Vision field staff participated in the study. Group discussions with participatory techniques and in-depth interviews were used to collect data. Data were analysed qualitatively using matrix/logical analysis. Irrigation improved irrigating farmers’ household food security through an increase in production and income levels. Irrigating farmers were better off in terms of crop production and income levels than non-irrigating farmers. Irrigating farmers planted irrigated maize two to three times a year, while non-irrigating farmers planted rain-fed maize only once a year. In terms of income levels, irrigating farmers produced more food than households required, and sold surpluses. Most irrigating farmers began cash cropping after the introduction of irrigation and also earned higher incomes, as irrigation enabled production of crops during lean periods and enabled them to sell surpluses at higher prices. Irrigation did not improve crop diversification. Non-irrigating farmers diversified crops more than irrigating farmers by planting groundnuts and sweet potatoes. Income from irrigating farmers did not increase dietary diversity and the acquisition of assets for irrigating farmers. Few farmers consumed a variety of foods and few acquired assets with the income derived from irrigation. Nevertheless, irrigation has the potential to smooth production cycles and provide food and income during seasons when food and income would be low. In addition, the study revealed the following as problems faced by farmers: constraining size of small diesel pumps, pump breakdown at Kalizinje, floods, pests and diseases, storage problems, lack of market places and poor roads, small land sizes, and expensive farm inputs.\r\nThe above findings indicate the need for encouraging irrigating farmers to diversify crops; accommodate more people in the irrigation projects; and form groups to work together in achieving goals. World Vision Malawi should also provide pesticide loans and train farmers in technical and managerial skills; water and land management; financial management; nutrition skills and food storage. Provision of irrigation equipment and input loans or training farmers in alternative techniques for example organic farming that requires no or low inputs; introduction of subsidy programmes on inputs so as to enable farmers to buy inputs at affordable prices; construction of market places and good roads by government and concerned stakeholders are also necessary.', 'Edna Kalima (2008), A case study of the impact of irrigation on household food security in two villages in Chingale, Malawi.', 'Edna Kalima, A case study of the impact of irrigation on household food security in two villages in Chingale, Malawi(2008).', 'Edna Kalima (2008), A case study of the impact of irrigation on household food security in two villages in Chingale, Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 32, 3),
(420, 'Maize and Food Security: The case of Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP) in Malawi', 'Aoi Kato', '2018', 'Dissertations', '', '13299', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Malawi has been under chronic food insecurity for decades, and the government has continued to implement various policy to addresses the severity of food in-security in the country. However, since its inception in 2005, Farm Input Sub-sidy Program (FISP) remain the dominant policy in the discourse around agri-culture and food security. However, there have been an ongoing competing debate on failure and success FISP, and as result too controversial to be a model to recommend for other African countries that seek to increase crop productiv-ity and reduce food insecurity in their attempt to tackle poverty. With a different approach from previous study on policy evaluation of the impact of FISP on food security in Malawi, this study adopted the ‘What’s the Problem Represent to be?’ (WPR) approach to reveal how the policymakers conceptualised the problem of food insecurity and the hidden variables that shape the representa-tion of the food insecurity in policy response. Data collection rely mostly on secondary sources and some level of primary data to sources were also adopted. The findings of the study is that in Malawi, the meaning of food security is avail-ability of maize, therefore FISP was designed to address maize availability only. In Malawi, “maize is life” and maize is connected to everything even to elections and politics on the one hand. On the other hand, maize is also malnutrition because the Malawian diet lack nutritional balance diet due to excessive con-sumption of maize among the poor farmers. The conclusion is that going by food security in Malawi context, FISP is not doing badly but if we want to assess FISP with the four pillar of food security, it is not a model that is useful for other African countries to emulate in addressing food insecurity without careful anal-ysis.', 'Aoi Kato (2018), Maize and Food Security: The case of Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP) in Malawi.', 'Aoi Kato, Maize and Food Security: The case of Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP) in Malawi(2018).', 'Aoi Kato (2018), Maize and Food Security: The case of Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP) in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 17, 26, 3),
(421, 'Farm Productivity and Technical Efficiency of Rural Malawian Households: Does Gender Make a Difference?', 'Krishna H. Koirala, Ashok K. Mishra, and Isaac Sitienei', '2015', 'Public Reports', '', '94369', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'There is a growing interest in investigating gender-based farm productivity and efficiency issues\r\nacross Africa. Maize is a staple food crop not only in Americas but also in sub-Saharan Africa.\r\nUsing the third Integrated Household Survey data from Malawi and stochastic frontier\r\nproduction function estimation approach, we estimate maize productivity and technical\r\nefficiency in Malawi for male-headed and female-headed households, separately. Result shows\r\nthat, contrary to expectations; technical efficiency is 15 percent higher for female-headed\r\nhouseholds compared to male-headed households.', 'Krishna H. Koirala, Ashok K. Mishra, and Isaac Sitienei (2015), Farm Productivity and Technical Efficiency of Rural Malawian Households: Does Gender Make a Difference?.', 'Krishna H. Koirala, Ashok K. Mishra, and Isaac Sitienei, Farm Productivity and Technical Efficiency of Rural Malawian Households: Does Gender Make a Difference?(2015).', 'Krishna H. Koirala, Ashok K. Mishra, and Isaac Sitienei (2015), Farm Productivity and Technical Efficiency of Rural Malawian Households: Does Gender Make a Difference?.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 25, 3),
(423, 'DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITY TO FOOD INSECURITY: A CASE STUDY OF SEMI-ARID DISTRICTS IN MALAWI', 'TASOKWA KAKOTA, DICKSON NYARIKI, DAVID MKWAMBISI and WAMBUI KOGI-MAKAU', '2015', 'Journals', '', '50236', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper looks at household vulnerability to food insecurity and its determinants in two\r\nsemi-arid districts in Malawi. A randomly selected sample of 200 households was interviewed. The\r\ndescriptive statistics revealed that female-headed households were more vulnerable to food insecurity\r\nthan male-headed households because of low access to resources for food production and purchases.\r\nA two-stage least squares regression analysis showed that amongst the main determinants of\r\nhousehold vulnerability were income, household size, land size and access to climate information.\r\nThe findings imply that policies should promote diversification of livelihoods and equal opportunities\r\nand rights to access resources. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.\r\nKeywords: food insecurity; Malawi; semi-arid districts; two-stage least squares; vulnerability', 'TASOKWA KAKOTA, DICKSON NYARIKI, DAVID MKWAMBISI and WAMBUI KOGI-MAKAU (2015), DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITY TO FOOD INSECURITY: A CASE STUDY OF SEMI-ARID DISTRICTS IN MALAWI.', 'TASOKWA KAKOTA, DICKSON NYARIKI, DAVID MKWAMBISI and WAMBUI KOGI-MAKAU, DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITY TO FOOD INSECURITY: A CASE STUDY OF SEMI-ARID DISTRICTS IN MALAWI(2015).', 'TASOKWA KAKOTA, DICKSON NYARIKI, DAVID MKWAMBISI and WAMBUI KOGI-MAKAU (2015), DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITY TO FOOD INSECURITY: A CASE STUDY OF SEMI-ARID DISTRICTS IN MALAWI.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 31, 3),
(424, 'Macro evaluation of program impacts and risks: The case of Malawi’s Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP)', 'Mathilde Douillet, Karl Pauw and James   Thurlow', '2012', 'Public Reports', '', '28212', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'While the Government of Malawi prepares to implement the ninth consecutive Farm Input Subsidy\r\nProgram (FISP), this paper takes stock of the literature and complements past evaluations by estimating\r\nthe general equilibrium effects of the program. The objective is to better understand the various positive\r\nand negative spillover effects of the program, including direct and indirect production or income effects in\r\nthe agricultural sector and beyond, government financing implications, and the impacts on Malawi’s\r\nforeign exchange position. We calibrate a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with a recently\r\ndeveloped but backdated 2003/04 social accounting matrix (SAM) for Malawi—this represents a\r\n“normal” year prior to the first introduction of FISP in 2005/06—to evaluate the program impacts, using\r\nthe broad design elements of the 2006/07 program as basis for the policy shock. Focusing on the maize\r\ncomponent of FISP, this entails providing around 150,000 metric tons (mt) of fertilizer at a heavily\r\nsubsidized rate (about 72 percent of the cost is subsidized) as well as modern maize seed varieties to just\r\nover half of Malawian smallholders. The resulting intensification of the maize production system raises\r\nmaize production in our model by 14 percent and maize yields by more than 30 percent. We also find\r\ncrop diversification increases as some land formerly under maize cultivation is reallocated to other crops\r\nfollowing the increased production of maize. While returns to factor of production rise rapidly, the\r\nprogram contributes little to growth and national poverty declines marginally (i.e., by less than three\r\npercentage points) when overall program effects (including price and financing implications) are taken\r\ninto account.\r\nWhile many analysts have remained positive about FISP despite its cost, the Malawian\r\ngovernment has in recent years faced a particular challenge of maintaining the program during what has\r\nproven to be one of the most challenging economic periods in the past two decades. Shortly after the\r\nfertilizer price shock in 2008/09, which caused program costs to skyrocket, a series of external shocks—\r\nmost notably a sharp decline in tobacco prices—placed tremendous pressure on the country’s balance of\r\npayments position. Government was able to contain program costs by maintaining a fixed exchange rate,\r\nbut the dwindling foreign exchange reserves eventually meant that policy position became untenable by\r\nearly 2012. The sharp devaluation that followed will have a dramatic effect on program costs in the\r\n2012/13 implementation period. Our analysis therefore also considers implications of external shocks\r\n(fuel, fertilizer, and tobacco prices) and the exchange rate regime on FISP costs and effectiveness. The\r\nsubstantial cost of the program has always meant the benefits of the program have been closely\r\nmonitored. Other socio-economic policies with similar objectives are also frequently offered as\r\nalternatives; hence, a final contribution of the paper is to consider the effects of targeted and universal\r\nsocial cash transfer programs. We find that while a cash transfer with a similar budget may be more\r\neffective at reducing poverty, it does not promote value addition and food production in the way that FISP\r\ndoes. Ideally, therefore, FISP and cash transfers should be been seen as complementary rather than\r\ncompeting, with the former targeting cash-constrained poor farmers with the potential to significantly\r\nincrease staple food production and the latter to the poorest labour constrained households with little or no\r\nland.\r\nKeywords: Agricultural input subsidies; general equilibrium models; Malawi; social cash transfers', 'Mathilde Douillet, Karl Pauw and James   Thurlow (2012), Macro evaluation of program impacts and risks: The case of Malawi’s Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP).', 'Mathilde Douillet, Karl Pauw and James   Thurlow, Macro evaluation of program impacts and risks: The case of Malawi’s Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP)(2012).', 'Mathilde Douillet, Karl Pauw and James   Thurlow (2012), Macro evaluation of program impacts and risks: The case of Malawi’s Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP).', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 5, 21, 3),
(425, 'Linking Food Security with Household’s Adaptive Capacity and Drought Risk: Implications for Sustainable Rural Development', 'Anu Susan Sam, Azhar Abbas, Subash Surendran Padmaja, Harald Kaechele Ranjit Kumar, and Klaus Müller', '2018', 'Journals', '', '18859', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'In spite of green revolution and rapid economic growth, India’s vast population\r\nstill suffers from hunger and poverty, especially in the rural areas. Moreover, drought\r\nadversely affects India’s economy by declining agricultural production and purchasing\r\npower. It also escalates rural unemployment which ultimately affects household food\r\nsecurity. Our study investigated the food security of drought prone rural households in a\r\nbroader context by linking the dimensions of food security with dimensions of climate\r\nchange vulnerability. We used the primary data of 157 drought prone rural households\r\nof Odisha state in India for analysis. This study employed polychoric principal component\r\nanalysis to construct an aggregate food security index. An ordered probit model was\r\nused to estimate the determinants of food security. The FSI showed that three-fourth of\r\nthe respondents were facing food security issues with varying degrees. The estimates of\r\nordered probit model indicated that joint family, education, migration and health insurance\r\nare key variables that determine food security, whereas drought adversely affected food\r\nsecurity of rural households. Overarching strategies are required to effectively address food security issues in the wake of increased drought risk. This study provides an insight for\r\npolicy makers in India and in similar south Asian countries who must consider food security\r\nin the light of drought.\r\nKeywords Availability · Access · Exposure · Sensitivity · Stability · Utility ·\r\nVulnerability', 'Anu Susan Sam, Azhar Abbas, Subash Surendran Padmaja, Harald Kaechele Ranjit Kumar, and Klaus Müller (2018), Linking Food Security with Household’s Adaptive Capacity and Drought Risk: Implications for Sustainable Rural Development.', 'Anu Susan Sam, Azhar Abbas, Subash Surendran Padmaja, Harald Kaechele Ranjit Kumar, and Klaus Müller, Linking Food Security with Household’s Adaptive Capacity and Drought Risk: Implications for Sustainable Rural Development(2018).', 'Anu Susan Sam, Azhar Abbas, Subash Surendran Padmaja, Harald Kaechele Ranjit Kumar, and Klaus Müller (2018), Linking Food Security with Household’s Adaptive Capacity and Drought Risk: Implications for Sustainable Rural Development.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 16, 48, 3),
(426, 'Do Fertiliser Subsidies Work for the poor?:Evidence and Challenges of Implementing the Fertiliser Support Programme in Zambia- The Case of Kalomo and Senanga Districts.', 'LUMBA SIYANGA', '2009', 'Dissertations', '', '65063', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This study examines the nature of the fertiliser subsidy being provided under the Fertiliser Support Programme (FSP) in Zambia. The study focuses on Kalomo and Senanga Districts to assess why despite the programme in place for seven years, food insecurity persists and how the nature of the subsidy has contributed. The study was carried out through primary data collection and the used of secondary data and contrasts the finding in Kalomo and Senanga. The data was obtained by administering five sets of research instruments: the Focus Group Discussions, questionnaire, the semi-structured interview, observation and document analysis. In total 170(93 males and 77females) respondents participated in the research. The findings suggest that the nature of the subsidy and the way the programme is organised and implemented has not really benefited the smallholder farmers in terms of increased maize productivity, income from the sales of maize and household food security. While the prices of maize have usually been low in Zambia, the prices of fertiliser have been high. This reduces the profitability of maize production. To most smallholders, maize production is main source of income, yet the fertiliser subsidy in its current form assumes that the smallholders will have the cash to pay for fertiliser subsidy, when income from maize is not always possible. The FSP is also implemented as a uniform policy in a varied setting as depicted in the contrasting differences between Kalomo district and Senanga district. This study concludes that nature of the fertiliser subsidy policy, how it is designed, defined and implemented has implications for impact in terms of increasing maize production, among smallholder farmers.\r\nRelevance to Development Studies\r\nThis study contributes to the sparse literature on the changing role of fertiliser subsidies in the developing countries. The study provides valuable information and knowledge on the short comings of the nature of the fertiliser subsidy being implementation under the FSP in Zambia. This study shows how the targeting criteria and implementation of a fertiliser subsidy programme affects the overall performance. This study provides policy-relevant information on a topical but largely ignored issue in current development debates.\r\nKeywords\r\nFertiliser Subsidies, Food Security, Smallholder Farmers Targeting,', 'LUMBA SIYANGA (2009), Do Fertiliser Subsidies Work for the poor?:Evidence and Challenges of Implementing the Fertiliser Support Programme in Zambia- The Case of Kalomo and Senanga Districts..', 'LUMBA SIYANGA, Do Fertiliser Subsidies Work for the poor?:Evidence and Challenges of Implementing the Fertiliser Support Programme in Zambia- The Case of Kalomo and Senanga Districts.(2009).', 'LUMBA SIYANGA (2009), Do Fertiliser Subsidies Work for the poor?:Evidence and Challenges of Implementing the Fertiliser Support Programme in Zambia- The Case of Kalomo and Senanga Districts..', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 15, 31, 3),
(427, 'An assessment of the effect of subsidized fertilizer on farmer participation in commercial fertilizer markets in north rift region of Kenya', 'Joyce Mumbua Makau', '2016', 'Dissertations', '', '56964', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', '', 'Joyce Mumbua Makau (2016), An assessment of the effect of subsidized fertilizer on farmer participation in commercial fertilizer markets in north rift region of Kenya.', 'Joyce Mumbua Makau, An assessment of the effect of subsidized fertilizer on farmer participation in commercial fertilizer markets in north rift region of Kenya(2016).', 'Joyce Mumbua Makau (2016), An assessment of the effect of subsidized fertilizer on farmer participation in commercial fertilizer markets in north rift region of Kenya.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 18, 37, 3),
(428, 'Is cash transfer a better devil than food aid? A study of Malawi’s use of cash transfer as a response tool to food insecurity in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014', 'Stern Kita', '2014', 'Public Reports', '', '10485', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami is considered as the first humanitarian\r\nsituation where cash transfers were used as an alternative to food aid. Since then,\r\ncash transfers have been used as a standalone response tool to disasters, or used in\r\ncombination with food aid. Malawi piloted the use of cash transfer as a response tool\r\nto food insecurity between 2005 and 2008. The first national response that used\r\ncash to respond to food insecurity at a large scale was carried out in 2012/2013, and\r\nthen in 2013/2014. The purpose of this study was to assess how effective the use of\r\ncash transfers was as a response tool to the humanitarian situation in Malawi. The\r\nstudy was carried out through household interviews, focus group discussions, key\r\ninformant interviews as well as review of previous evaluations and studies on cash\r\ntransfers in Malawi and other countries.\r\nMalawi has used cash transfers as a response tool on a large scale for 2\r\nconsecutive years. Ideally, the expectation would be that lessons learnt during the\r\nfirst year and those gathered from previous pilot programmes would assist in\r\nimproving future programmes. However, most of the challenges noted in 2012/2013\r\nresponse, some of which were highlighted in external programme evaluations, were\r\nrepeated in the 2013/2014 programme. This challenge cannot be attributed to the\r\ncash transfer response programme alone. Even in provision of food aid, similar\r\nchallenges have been observed and continue to appear in almost every other\r\nresponse. In some cases, vulnerable households, who are supposed to be benefiting\r\nfrom the response programmes, have been the victims.\r\nFindings of this study do not show that cash should substitute food as a\r\nresponse tool; neither does it find that cash is always the best option. Just like food\r\naid, cash transfers too have their own shortfalls. Although cash transfers, on a larger\r\nscale, offer more benefits than food aid, it should not be considered as a panacea,\r\nand its implementation should be considered carefully and be promoted if backed by\r\nreliable market assessments and other considerations, and should also include closer\r\nmonitoring of market behaviours during programme implementation.\r\nCoordination systems, with appropriate checks and balances and strong\r\ngovernment’s monitoring, ought to be improved. For effective use of cash transfers,\r\nappropriate systems need to be in place that would support such a response.\r\nChallenges being experienced should be used to improve programme design and\r\nimplementation. The trend at the global level clearly shows that cash transfers are\r\nhere to stay as a response tool to disasters. Efforts should be made to capitalize on\r\nthis and develop clear guidelines for the implementation of cash transfers in\r\nhumanitarian situations in the country.\r\nThe study, however, does find that when planned and implemented properly,\r\ncash would, overall, be a better devil than food aid.', 'Stern Kita (2014), Is cash transfer a better devil than food aid? A study of Malawi’s use of cash transfer as a response tool to food insecurity in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014.', 'Stern Kita, Is cash transfer a better devil than food aid? A study of Malawi’s use of cash transfer as a response tool to food insecurity in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014(2014).', 'Stern Kita (2014), Is cash transfer a better devil than food aid? A study of Malawi’s use of cash transfer as a response tool to food insecurity in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 7, 8, 3),
(429, 'Gender, IFIs and Food Insecurity Case Study: Malawi', 'Claire Lauterbach & Isabel Matenje', '2013', 'Public Reports', '', '52181', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The agriculture sector is the backbone of Malawi’s economy. Agriculture gener-ates over a third of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) and 90 percent of its export revenues (CIA 2012). While tobacco, sugar, coffee and tea are Malawi’s primary cash crops, corn is the primary staple of domestic consump-tion. Over 86 percent of Malawi’s population lives in rural areas and depends on subsistence agriculture to meet its food needs.', 'Claire Lauterbach & Isabel Matenje (2013), Gender, IFIs and Food Insecurity Case Study: Malawi.', 'Claire Lauterbach & Isabel Matenje, Gender, IFIs and Food Insecurity Case Study: Malawi(2013).', 'Claire Lauterbach & Isabel Matenje (2013), Gender, IFIs and Food Insecurity Case Study: Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 26, 3),
(430, 'Does irrigation have an impact on food security and poverty? Evidence from Bwanje Valley Irrigation Scheme in Malawi ', 'Rudolf Nkhata', '2014', 'Public Reports', '', '99700', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of irrigation on household food security and poverty using a case study of Bwanje Valley Irrigation Scheme in Malawi. Data used in the analysis were collected from 412 households – 169 participants in the irrigation scheme and 243 non-participants. Due to the non-random selection of participants into the irrigation scheme, the study used endogenous switching regression to correct for sample selection bias. Propensity score matching was then used to measure the impact of irrigation on food security and poverty. Daily per capita caloric intake and agricultural income were the proxy measures used to measure food security and poverty, respectively. Despite farm-ers selling paddy rice at the farm gate on an individual basis and operating in an environment with inadequate water sup-ply, the findings revealed that irrigation had a positive impact on annual agricultural income and daily per capita caloric intake. The impact of irrigation on household annual agricultural income was different among the participants, with those cultivating both rice and maize under irrigation earning more agricultural income than their counterparts growing rice only. The results also showed a positive impact of irrigation on daily per capita caloric intake, with both groups of irrigat-ing farmers realizing similar improved levels of caloric intake over farmers that did not participate in the irrigation scheme. In addition, traditionally marginalized groups – households headed by youth, female-headed households, and low-in-come households – earned more agricultural income than what they would have earned if they did not participate in the irrigation scheme. The recommendations from the study are that irrigation interventions should be up scaled to other ar-eas with potential irrigable land and should promote the growing of more than one crop. In addition, irrigation schemes should promote bulk marketing of processed rice through contract relationships with institutions (i.e. schools, prisons, hospitals) and private traders.', 'Rudolf Nkhata (2014), Does irrigation have an impact on food security and poverty? Evidence from Bwanje Valley Irrigation Scheme in Malawi .', 'Rudolf Nkhata, Does irrigation have an impact on food security and poverty? Evidence from Bwanje Valley Irrigation Scheme in Malawi (2014).', 'Rudolf Nkhata (2014), Does irrigation have an impact on food security and poverty? Evidence from Bwanje Valley Irrigation Scheme in Malawi .', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 21, 3),
(431, 'Strategic Options for Agriculture and Development in Malawi', 'Andrew Dorward and Ephraim Chirwa', '2015', 'Public Reports', '', '94655', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper considers potential strategic options for agriculture and development in Malawi in the context of the country’s current situation and the prospects the country faces. After briefly reviewing current national and sectoral policy and potential roles of smallholder agriculture in economic growth, we set out the current situation in order to consider strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.\r\nWe conclude that a major emphasis is needed on supporting changes that reduce the rate of population growth and promote capacity for adaptation and resilience to climate change. Rapid increases in the productivity of agricultural land and labor and in rural incomes will be critical to this, alongside increased education and empowerment of girls and women. There are, however, difficult potential trade-offs to negotiate (for example, between increased irrigation and reduced inflows into Lake Malawi) and these need further consideration.\r\nFrom this analysis we derive a set of nine strategic principles and two operational principles, for eleven in total, that we suggest could helpfully stimulate and guide strategy development to address the opportunities and threats facing Malawian agriculture, as follows:\r\nStrategic principles:\r\n1. Sustainable investments and activities that are viable for and acceptable to all stakeholders.\r\n2. Emphasis on land and wider labor productivity\r\n3. Integration of complementary agricultural and non-agricultural strategies, policies, and investments.\r\n4. Emphasis on broad-based and inclusive growth.\r\n5. Emphasis on increased quality and diversity in food production.\r\n6. Emphasis on market access and affordability of food for all, particularly for the rural and urban poor.\r\n7. Promotion of sustainable practices with accumulation, rather than depletion, of natural resources, taking account of both current and future threats to sustainability.\r\n8. Rapid achievement of broad-based growth as a significant element in reducing the rate of population growth and in supporting climate change adaptation and resilience.\r\n9. Pursuit of agro-processing opportunities to promote value addition with local downstream linkages.\r\nOperational principles:\r\n10. Consistent coordinated vision.\r\n11. Clear priorities and roles.\r\nThe application of these principles is illustrated by indicative consideration of policy and investment options focus-ing on the development of different commodities and broadly-defined resources. Consistent implementation of coordinat-ed and consistent sectoral and inter-sectoral policies to support smallholder agriculture development is critical for achievement of the desired growth and diversification impacts. A number of concrete and immediate policy and invest-ment recommendations are made.', 'Andrew Dorward and Ephraim Chirwa (2015), Strategic Options for Agriculture and Development in Malawi.', 'Andrew Dorward and Ephraim Chirwa, Strategic Options for Agriculture and Development in Malawi(2015).', 'Andrew Dorward and Ephraim Chirwa (2015), Strategic Options for Agriculture and Development in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 22, 3),
(432, 'A REVIEW OF THE AGRICULTURAL INPUT AND OUTPUT MARKETS DEVELOPMENT IN MOZAMBIQUE', 'Kizito Mazvimavi, Isaac Minde, Sofia Manussa, Patience Tshuma and Conrad Murendo', '2011', 'Public Reports', '', '75240', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Agriculture drives the Mozambican economy. The sector is largely dominated by smallholder farmers and is a major source of livelihood in the country (World Bank, 2006). Available statistics indicate that agriculture contributes 25 percent to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employs 80 percent of the total labor force (African Development Bank, 2008). Development in the agricultural sector in Mozambique has evolved since colonial times to date due to different reasons. The main objective of the Portuguese colonialists was to increase the supply of raw materials to their country and hence targeted the needed investments in Mozambique. The sector was dependent on Portugal for skilled labor supply and suffered brain drain when these Portuguese returned home after independence in 1975 (Howard et al, 1998). Soon after independence, the abandoned Portuguese properties were taken over by the government which formed large centralized state farms. The greater part of government investment in agriculture between 1978 and 1982 was channeled towards input purchases for these farms (Population Project, 2001). During the same period, marketing and trade of crops was done by parastatal monopolies but private traders were still allowed to operate in certain areas provided they had been granted monopoly rights. Market margins were however regulated by the government through the Ministry of Internal Commerce (Kyle, 1999). The civil war which started in 1977 and ended with a peace accord signed in 1992, had a notable impact on the agricultural sector (Skelton et al, 2003). The war resulted in widespread destruction of infrastructure which affected both the factor and product markets. During this period, economic growth and food production dropped significantly. Between 1981 and 1986 for example, Howard et al (1998) reported that GDP and food production fell by 30 percent, marketed production of maize and rice declined by half and exports declined by 75 percent. The country became almost entirely dependent on food aid because food production levels were not sufficient to satisfy demand. The end of the war overlapped with the beginning of the drought hence there was no time for any recovery measures to be implemented in the agricultural sector. During the war and drought period, food aid constituted a considerable portion of total cereal available in the country. Between 1992 and 1993 yellow maize food aid accounted for 60 percent of cereals but the figure dropped to 15 percent between 1994 and 1995 as a result of increased domestic production of white maize (Donovan, 1996).', 'Kizito Mazvimavi, Isaac Minde, Sofia Manussa, Patience Tshuma and Conrad Murendo (2011), A REVIEW OF THE AGRICULTURAL INPUT AND OUTPUT MARKETS DEVELOPMENT IN MOZAMBIQUE.', 'Kizito Mazvimavi, Isaac Minde, Sofia Manussa, Patience Tshuma and Conrad Murendo, A REVIEW OF THE AGRICULTURAL INPUT AND OUTPUT MARKETS DEVELOPMENT IN MOZAMBIQUE(2011).', 'Kizito Mazvimavi, Isaac Minde, Sofia Manussa, Patience Tshuma and Conrad Murendo (2011), A REVIEW OF THE AGRICULTURAL INPUT AND OUTPUT MARKETS DEVELOPMENT IN MOZAMBIQUE.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 5, 8, 3),
(433, 'MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POLICIES ADDRESSING FOOD SECURITY, WATER AND ENERGY TRADE-OFFS IN MALAWI', 'Emily McNulty', '2017', 'Dissertations', '', '32276', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The increasing pressure from the world’s population on limited natural resources has reached an urgent level. The global demand for water, food, and energy is unsustainable, and poses a threat to human health, political stability, and environmental well-being. The poor in developing countries are most vulnerable to the negative effects of the exploitation of constrained resources, and the segregation of development programs by sector means that policy interventions do little to help. Currently, development policies are created in isolation from one another, within their own sectoral realms, and inter-sector coordination is rare. Policy interventions that affect more than one sector are key to holistic, sustainable development, but because they face an ownership issue, not falling under any one sector’s jurisdiction, they often go unaddressed. The alternative to the status quo is the use of a nexus perspective, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of sectors and seeks to implement policy interventions with the best net outcomes. Policy makers are encouraged to adopt “systems thinking”, to resist over-focused investments and interventions, and to seek regulatory cooperation.\r\nThe body of nexus literature is growing mainly with the establishment of theoretical frameworks and macroeconomic studies that model outcomes of nexus interventions. This thesis contributes to the pool of nexus literature with microeconomic studies that are evaluated from the perspective of the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus. Microeconomic analysis is valuable to the nexus perspective not only because it informs macroeconomic models, but also because it provides empirical evidence of nexus forces at work.', 'Emily McNulty (2017), MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POLICIES ADDRESSING FOOD SECURITY, WATER AND ENERGY TRADE-OFFS IN MALAWI.', 'Emily McNulty, MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POLICIES ADDRESSING FOOD SECURITY, WATER AND ENERGY TRADE-OFFS IN MALAWI(2017).', 'Emily McNulty (2017), MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POLICIES ADDRESSING FOOD SECURITY, WATER AND ENERGY TRADE-OFFS IN MALAWI.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 30, 3),
(434, 'Measuring the Impacts of Malawi’s Farm Input Subsidy Program', 'Christopher Chibwana, Monica Fisher, Charles Jumbe, William Masters and Gerald Shively', '2010', 'Public Reports', '', '47208', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'We measure the impacts of Malawi’s 2009 Farm Input Subsidy Program\r\n(FISP) on fertilizer use and maize yields in central and southern Malawi. Using\r\nthree rounds of panel data and instrumental variables regression strategies to\r\ncontrol for endogenous selection into the subsidy program we find positive and\r\nstatistically significant correlations between participation in the FISP and\r\nfertilizer use intensity. Fertilizer use is found to be higher among households that\r\nplant improved maize varieties than among those that plant traditional varieties.\r\nResults are broadly robust to the inclusion of previous fertilizer intensity to\r\ncontrol for household-specific differences in fertilizer use. We combine these\r\nresults with those from a maize production function to calculate programgenerated\r\nchanges in average maize availability, accounting for estimated\r\nsubsidy-induced changes in crop area. Our findings have implications for the way\r\ninput subsidy programs are designed and implemented.\r\nKey words: Farm input subsidy program, maize yields, fertilizer use, Malawi', 'Christopher Chibwana, Monica Fisher, Charles Jumbe, William Masters and Gerald Shively (2010), Measuring the Impacts of Malawi’s Farm Input Subsidy Program.', 'Christopher Chibwana, Monica Fisher, Charles Jumbe, William Masters and Gerald Shively, Measuring the Impacts of Malawi’s Farm Input Subsidy Program(2010).', 'Christopher Chibwana, Monica Fisher, Charles Jumbe, William Masters and Gerald Shively (2010), Measuring the Impacts of Malawi’s Farm Input Subsidy Program.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 8, 19, 3),
(435, 'Meteorological and hydrological drought assessment in Lake Malawi and Shire River basins (1970–2013)', 'Lucy Mtilatila, Axel Bronstert, Gerd Bürger and Klaus Vormoor', '2020', 'Journals', '', '34168', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'The study assesses the variability and trends of both meteorological and hydrological droughts from\r\n1970 to 2013 in Lake Malawi and Shire River basins using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and\r\nstandardized precipitation and evaporation index (SPEI) for meteorological droughts and the lake level\r\nchange index (LLCI) for hydrological droughts. Trends and slopes in droughts and drought drivers are\r\nestimated using Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope, respectively. Results suggest that meteorological\r\ndroughts are increasing due to a decrease in precipitation which is exacerbated by an increase in\r\ntemperature (potential evapotranspiration). The hydrological system of Lake Malawi seems to have a\r\n>24-month memory towards meteorological conditions, since the 36-month SPEI can predict hydrological\r\ndroughts 10 months in advance. The study has found the critical lake level that would trigger\r\nhydrological drought to be 474.1 m a.s.l. The increase in drought is a concern as this will have serious\r\nimpacts on water resources and hydropower supply in Malawi.', 'Lucy Mtilatila, Axel Bronstert, Gerd Bürger and Klaus Vormoor (2020), Meteorological and hydrological drought assessment in Lake Malawi and Shire River basins (1970–2013).', 'Lucy Mtilatila, Axel Bronstert, Gerd Bürger and Klaus Vormoor, Meteorological and hydrological drought assessment in Lake Malawi and Shire River basins (1970–2013)(2020).', 'Lucy Mtilatila, Axel Bronstert, Gerd Bürger and Klaus Vormoor (2020), Meteorological and hydrological drought assessment in Lake Malawi and Shire River basins (1970–2013).', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 13, 32, 3),
(436, 'Opportunities and constraints to legume diversification for sustainable maize production on smallholder farms in Malawi', 'Wezi G. Mhango, Sieglinde S. Snapp, and George Y.K. Phiri', '2012', 'Journals', '', '91627', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Sustainable intensification of smallholder farms in Africa is highly dependent on enhancing biological nitrogen fixation\r\n(BNF). Legume diversification of maize-based systems is a core example of sustainable intensification, with the food\r\nsecurity of millions of farm families at stake. This study highlights the constraints and opportunities associated with the\r\nadoption of legumes by smallholder farmers in southern Africa. A two-part survey of households and farm fields (n=88)\r\nwas conducted in the Ekwendeni watershed of northern Malawi. Participatory research and education activities have\r\nbeen underway for over a decade in this region, resulting in expanded uptake of a range of legume species as intercrops\r\nand in rotation with the staple maize crop. Farmer adoption has occurred to a varying extent for soybean (Glycine max),\r\npigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) and fish bean (Tephrosia vogelii). Farmers, working with the\r\nproject valued pigeon pea and other legumes for soil fertility purposes to a greater extent than farmers not working with\r\nthe project. Legumes were valued for a wide range of purposes beyond soil cover and fertility enhancement, notably for\r\ninfant nutrition (at least for soybean), insect control, and vegetable and grain production for both market and home\r\nconsumption. Literature values for BNF in tropical legumes range up to 170kgNha−1 for grain and 300kgNha−1 for\r\ngreen manure species; however, our field interviews illustrated the extent of constraints imposed by soil properties on\r\nsmallholder fields in Malawi. The key edaphic constraints observed were very deficient to moderate phosphorus levels\r\n(range 4–142, average 33mgkg−1), and moderately acid soils (range pH 5.1–7.9, average 6.2). The per farm hectarage\r\ndevoted to legume production relative to maize production was also low (0.15 versus 0.35 ha), a surprising find in an area\r\nwith demonstrated interest in novel legume species. Further, farmers showed a strong preference for legumes that\r\nproduced edible grain, regardless of the associated nutrient removal in the harvested grain, and did not sow large areas to\r\nlegume crops. These farm-level decisions act as constraints to BNF inputs in maize-based smallholder cropping systems.\r\nOverall, we found that legume productivity could be enhanced. We documented the value of policies and educational\r\nefforts that support farmers gaining access to high-quality seeds, amendments for phosphorus-deficient soils, and\r\npromotion of multipurpose legumes that build soils through leafy residues and roots, as well as providing grain for food\r\nsecurity and sales.\r\nKey words: integrated soil fertility management, smallholder farmer, sustainable intensification', 'Wezi G. Mhango, Sieglinde S. Snapp, and George Y.K. Phiri (2012), Opportunities and constraints to legume diversification for sustainable maize production on smallholder farms in Malawi.', 'Wezi G. Mhango, Sieglinde S. Snapp, and George Y.K. Phiri, Opportunities and constraints to legume diversification for sustainable maize production on smallholder farms in Malawi(2012).', 'Wezi G. Mhango, Sieglinde S. Snapp, and George Y.K. Phiri (2012), Opportunities and constraints to legume diversification for sustainable maize production on smallholder farms in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 11, 27, 3),
(437, 'Analysis of fertilizer subsidy programs and ecosystem services in Malawi', 'Jarret Mhango and Jan Dick', '2011', 'Journals', '', '79408', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'This paper evaluates the delivery of ecosystem services under different regimes of agricultural input subsidy in postindependent\r\nMalawi using (1) the protocol of the Millennium Ecosystem Service to characterize the services; and (2) the\r\npanarchy framework to describe the relationships among the political regimes, economic growth [gross domestic product\r\n(GDP)] and food security. Ecosystem services are the benefits that humans obtain from ecosystems that support, directly or\r\nindirectly, human survival and quality of life. Panarchy is a nested set of adaptive cycles that provides a tool to explore the\r\nconductivity of ecological and social-cultural systems. The Malawian temporal political landscape has experienced several\r\nreorganizations since independence, in which the governments of Malawi have initiated socio-economic growth of the\r\neconomy through implementation of different farmer input subsidy programs with variable success. The most recent\r\nagricultural subsidy program (2005–2009) appears to have shown an improvement in food security for the people of\r\nMalawi. However, this may be at the expense of an increased rate of decline in other ecosystem services, especially arable\r\nland resources and forestry. If agricultural subsidies continue to be implemented without a holistic understanding of all\r\necosystem services delivered to the whole country, then the system will be unsustainable. We recommend the ecosystem\r\nservice approach and the panarchy framework as potentially useful tools for policy makers.\r\nKey words: human well-being, agricultural economic growth, socio-ecological systems, panarchy', 'Jarret Mhango and Jan Dick (2011), Analysis of fertilizer subsidy programs and ecosystem services in Malawi.', 'Jarret Mhango and Jan Dick, Analysis of fertilizer subsidy programs and ecosystem services in Malawi(2011).', 'Jarret Mhango and Jan Dick (2011), Analysis of fertilizer subsidy programs and ecosystem services in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 12, 32, 3),
(438, 'Modelling under-nutrition in under-five children in Malawi', 'Lana Clara Chikhungu', '2013', 'Dissertations', '', '63400', '2022-12-21 00:00:00', 'Despite numerous Government efforts to tackle the problem of child under-nutrition in Malawi,\r\nthe levels of child under-nutrition remain high with stunting estimated at 47% and underweight\r\nat 12.7% . This thesis investigates whether the levels and patterns of stunting and underweight\r\nin Malawi have changed between the years 2000 and 2010 and if so how. It studies how\r\nfeeding patterns and child immunisation affects child’s nutritional status in Malawi and analyses\r\nthe different pathways through which household and community level socio-economic factors\r\naffect a child’s nutritional status in Malawi.\r\nThe Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) data sets of 2000, 2004 and 2010 are\r\nused in the study of levels and patterns of child under-nutrition in Malawi whilst the 2004\r\nMDHS is used to investigate how feeding patterns and child immunisation affect a child’s\r\nnutritionals status in Malawi. The 2004 Malawi Integrated Household Survey data is merged\r\nwith the 2004 Community level to analyse the pathways through which household and\r\ncommunity level socio-economic factors affect child nutritional status in Malawi.\r\nResults of this study show that children from communities that have a daily market are less\r\nlikely to be stunted compared to children from communities without a daily market. Children\r\nfrom communities that trace their descendants through their father have a lower likelihood of\r\nstunting compared to children from communities that trace their descendants through the mother\r\ndue to being of relatively higher economic status. The levels of stunting and underweight have\r\ngone down significantly from 54.1% and 21.4% respectively in the year 2000 to 47.1% and\r\n12.7% respectively in 2010. However, the percentage of children that are stunted but not\r\naffected with other under-nutrition problems has hardly changed, estimated at 37.2% in 2000\r\nand 36.2% in 2010.\r\nAlthough generally female children are less likely to be stunted and less likely to be\r\nunderweight, female children are more likely to be underweight as they get older. Contrary to\r\nwhat one would expect, children are more likely to be stunted during harvest time compared to\r\nthe hunger season. Most of the children are fed food from the local grain, whilst in fact children\r\naged between 7 to 36 months who consume food from animal sources are less likely to be\r\nundernourished. Children whose mothers are in possession of a child health card1 are less likely\r\nto be underweight.\r\nThe Malawi Government should therefore intensify its efforts of encouraging mothers to attend\r\nunder-five clinics, feed children that are undergoing weaning food from animal sources and\r\nshould invest more in programmes that boost socio-economic status such as education and\r\nentrepreneurship skills.', 'Lana Clara Chikhungu (2013), Modelling under-nutrition in under-five children in Malawi.', 'Lana Clara Chikhungu, Modelling under-nutrition in under-five children in Malawi(2013).', 'Lana Clara Chikhungu (2013), Modelling under-nutrition in under-five children in Malawi.', 'book1.png', 'Neytech Solutions', 17, 35, 3);
